Golden v. McDermott, Will & Emery, No. 1-97-3799 1st Dist. Corrected Opinion 9-30-98 |
SECOND DIVISON
SEPTEMBER 30, 1998
Corrected Opinion
1-97-3799 Plaintiff-Appellant, v. McDERMOTT, WILL & EMERY; ROBERTB. McDERMOTT; WILBER H. BOIES;LAWRENCE McDERMOTT, WILL &EMERY; ROBERT B. GERBER;CHARLES E. HUSSEY, II; H.GEORGE MANN; JOHN H. McDERMOTT;STANLEY H. MEADOWS; JAMES M.ROCHE; JAMES E. BETKE; DOUGLASM. REIMER; ROBERT B. McDERMOTT,P.C.; WILBER H. BOIES, P.C.;LAWRENCE GERBER, P.C.; H.GEORGE MANN, P.C.; JOHN H.McDERMOTT, P.C.; STANLEY H.MEADOWS, P.C.; JAMES M. ROCHE,P.C.; JAMES E. BETKE, P.C.;DOUGLAS M. REIMER, P.C. Defendants-Appellees No. 97 L 15106 THE HONORABLE RICHARD E. NEVILLE, JUDGE PRESIDING JUSTICE COUSINS delivered the opinion of the court: Bruce Golden, the appellant, filed suit against the appellees,law firm McDermott, Will & Emery, as well as certain partners intheir individual capacities. Golden alleged that the appelleesbreached the partnership agreement by expelling him incontravention of specified procedures, breached their fiduciaryduty as co-partners and committed fraud in misrepresenting andwithholding information from him while his severance agreementwas being negotiated, and breached the severance agreement by notpaying him the full amount due under it. Upon a section 2-619 (735 5/2--619 (West 1994)) motion byappellees, the judge dismissed the complaint on the basis ofvarious defenses, including the statute of limitations and arelease signed by Golden as part of the severance agreement.Golden appeals, claiming that the trial court erred in grantingthe motion to dismiss his complaint. The plaintiff's complaintalleged, inter alia, (1) breach of contract, (2) breach offiduciary duty, and (3) duress. The plaintiff also contends thatthe trial court erred in not allowing him leave to amend hiscomplaint a third time. We affirm. BACKGROUND The appellant, Bruce Golden, is a securities lawyer who workedfor the appellee law firm McDermott, Will & Emery (MWE) for 21years. He joined the firm in 1970, was made an income partner in1976 and was made a capital partner in 1981. Among the clients hebrought to MWE were a public real estate syndicator known asAvanti Associates (Avanti), and its promoter, Timothy Sasak. In 1989, a class action suit (the Avanti suit) was broughtagainst Sasak and Avanti for, among other things, violation ofsecurities laws in the sale of its partnership assets. MWE wasalso named as a defendant. The plaintiffs sought to recover $120million from MWE. Golden alleges that shortly prior to the Avanti suit, MWEobtained a malpractice insurance policy with Attorney's LiabilityAssurance Society, Ltd. (ALAS). The claims from the Avanti suitwere the first that ALAS had to pay out for MWE, and ALAS saidthat those claims were the largest it had ever been required tocover for any firm. Golden also alleges that ALAS was hesitant to renew MWE'sinsurance policy as a result of the Avanti suit and that MWE hadtalks with ALAS in order to save its coverage. ALAS, he alleges,wanted him removed from the firm, and MWE acceded. MWE postponedhis termination, Golden claims, because it needed his cooperationin the Avanti litigation. Golden further alleges that from the time of the Avanti suit MWEbegan to limit his participation in partnership business andreduced his partnership interest. In particular, he alleges thefollowing: (1) around the beginning of 1990, he was told thatJohn McDermott, a partner of MWE and a named defendant in thissuit, had directed that he not be given any more work for UnitedAirlines, a major MWE client for which Golden had been doing muchwork; (2) from that time he was not given any "meaningfulassignments" with United or any other MWE client; (3) JohnMcDermott told him that he should not bring in any new businessand McDermott also took over his contact list, purportedly inorder to ease his workload; and (4) late in 1990, partner RobertMcDermott suggested that he look into non-legal careers. In January 1991, the firm reduced Golden's partnership units by athird. Golden's compensation was based upon these units, as wasthe amount he would receive in a severance package. The Avanti litigation settled on July 18, 1991. The next day,partners Stanley Meadows and James Roche, also defendants in thisaction, informed Golden that he was being fired but that the firmwould give him the opportunity to resign first. At that meetingGolden was told that the reason for his firing was "lack ofproduction," although he says that Meadows later informed him inconfidence that pressure from ALAS was the real reason. Over the next few months Golden and the firm worked out aseverance agreement to settle his accounts. The severanceagreement contained the following release clause: In consideration for the release, MWE gave Golden a one-timepayment of $225,000 minus the amount of his draw subsequent toOctober 31, 1991. Golden claims that MWE deducted more than thisamount from the $225,000, although he did not specify the amountof the excess deduction. At Golden's behest, a provision was alsoincluded in the agreement that would allow him to sue ALAS forgetting him fired. Golden claims that in the negotiations MWE falsely told him thathis severance payment was the largest given to any terminatedpartner and was the same amount that he would have gotten had heresigned voluntarily. He also claims that MWE concealed the factthat no vote had been taken on his expulsion, as was mandated bythe partnership agreement. Around the time that Golden signed the severance agreement, hewas having personal problems. He had just lost a lawsuitconcerning a major defect in a house he had bought. His wife'semployer had died, and, as a result, she also was out of work.Golden sought counseling. He says that the mental healthprofessional reported that the termination had left Golden"paranoid," "fragmented," having "major depression, recurrent"and as "dysfunctional" with "chaos reigning supreme." On November 7, 1991, Meadows told Golden that the managementcommittee had not taken a vote on his expulsion. He told Goldenthat he would have difficulty finding new legal employment,because ALAS had "blacklisted" him. Golden says that Meadows alsotold him at some time during negotiations that "he was personallyembarrassed by [the proposed settlement agreement's] burdensomelanguage, and that no other partner had ever been asked to signsuch a harsh document." Golden took out a lease on an office at what he claims to be agrossly inflated rent. He says that he took an "of counsel"position with another law firm but received no compensation forit. In January of 1992, MWE tendered, and Golden accepted, payment ofmoney due under the severance agreement. In December 1995, Golden filed suit against ALAS. He allegesthat he learned facts in discovery that led him, on December 30,1996, to file the instant action against MWE and some of itspartners. In February of 1997, MWE partner James Roche wasdeposed in the ALAS case. Golden alleges that many factsimportant to his case came to light only as of the time of thisdeposition. Golden's complaint alleged, inter alia, that MWE breached theseverance agreement by not paying him the full amount due underit; that MWE violated the partnership agreement by not followingthe termination procedure outlined therein; and that thedefendant partners violated their fiduciary duty to him asco-partners and committed fraud on him. He asked for damages, aswell as a dissolution and accounting of the firm. Golden argued that the release that he signed was voidablebecause it was signed under moral and economic duress, andbecause the defendants withheld and misrepresented facts to himin negotiations, in violation of their fiduciary duty. The trial court allowed two amendments to the complaint, but,upon a section 2-619 motion by the defendants, dismissed itrather than allow a third. This dismissal was based on severalaffirmative defenses pled by MWE. First, MWE argued that thecontract claims were barred by the release and any other claimswere barred by laches or the statute of limitations. They arguedthat the trial court should dismiss the claim for breach of theseverance agreement because of laches, ratification and the factthat it was not pled with sufficient particularity despiteGolden's three opportunities to do so. The trial court agreed with the defendants and dismissed thecomplaint. It held that the claim for the breach of the severanceagreement was not adequately pled, that the claim for breach ofthe partnership agreement was barred by the release, and that theother claims were barred by the statute of limitations. ANALYSIS This case comes to us on appeal from a section 2-619 dismissal,and, accordingly, we must accept well-pled allegations inGolden's complaint as true. 735 ILCS 5/2--619 (West 1994); Elliotv. LRSL Enterprises, Inc., 226 Ill. App. 3d 724, 589 N.E.2d 1074(1992). But while a court generally must accept all well-pledfacts as true in this situation, it does not have to acceptconclusions of law or conclusions of fact not supported byfactual allegations. Nikolic v. Seidenberg, 242 Ill. App. 3d 96,610 N.E.2d 177 (1993). Golden contends that the release cannot bar his claims becauseMWE obtained the release by withholding and misrepresenting factsin violation of its fiduciary duty. If MWE had withheld materialfacts, it would have made the release voidable. Parties in afiduciary relationship owe one another a duty of full disclosureof material facts when making a settlement and obtaining arelease. Janci v. Cerny, 287 Ill. 359, 365-66, 122 N.E. 507, 509(1919). MWE contends that it did not breach a fiduciary duty to Golden innegotiations, because the partnership with Golden had dissolvedat that point and a fiduciary duty among partners ends upondissolution. The Uniform Partnership Act defines "dissolution" as"the change in the relation of the partners caused by any partnerceasing to be associated in the carrying on, as distinguishedfrom the winding up of the business." 805 ILCS 205/29 (West1994). Dissolution can be effected by the express will of anyparty, even if in contravention of the partnership agreement.Bluestein v. Davis, 86 Ill. App. 2d 61, 67 280 N.E.2d 61, 64(1967). MWE contends that dissolution occurred on July 19, 1991. Relativeto MWE's contention, the record establishes that the defendantshad already forbidden Golden from taking on any more newbusiness. So, the work he was doing was being limited before July19, 1991. Then, on July 19, the defendants communicated to Goldenthat he was being fired but would be allowed to resign.Therefore, MWE contends that dissolution was complete on July 19.We agree. However, even were dissolution not complete on July 19,it is clear that dissolution occurred by October 19, 1991, whenGolden signed the agreement. There is a conflict of authority in Illinois as to whether afiduciary relationship among partners ceases upon dissolution ofthe partnership. MWE relies on Babray v. Carlino, 2 Ill. App. 3d241, 276 N.E.2d 435 (1971), for the proposition that theobligations end upon dissolution. In Babray, the plaintiff and the defendant were partnersoperating a motel. The defendant bought out the plaintiff'sinterest and obtained a release from any claims relating to thepartnership. Over four years later the plaintiff sued for anaccounting. She sought to avoid the release on the basis that thedefendant had violated his fiduciary duty to her by withholdingfacts during negotiations. The court held that there was nobreach of fiduciary duty since fiduciary duty ended upondissolution. It went on to add that, even if there had been afiduciary duty, the release would still stand, since theinformation withheld was "hardly a matter of crucialmateriality," and the transaction was fair. Babray, 2 Ill. App.3d at 252. Among the cases Golden relies upon is Burtell v. First CharterService Corp. 76 Ill. 2d 427, 394 N.E.2d 380 (1979). In Burtell,the plaintiff and defendant were joint venturers holding realestate for development. With the consent of the plaintiff, thedefendant sold the property, and the parties reached a privateaccounting. The defendant did not disclose, however, that it hadgiven a purchase money mortgage on the property. The plaintifflater discovered this and sued for an accounting of paymentsunder the mortgage. The defendant argued that the agreement todispose of the partnership assets dissolved the partnership andthat it no longer had a duty to disclose or account for profitsafter the sale was agreed upon. The supreme court rejected thisargument, holding that a joint venturer could be entitled to anaccounting of profits made after dissolution. A fiduciaryrelationship exists between members of a joint venture. Thus, inthis case a fiduciary relationship existed between plaintiff andFirst Charter. (Reese v.Melahn 53 Ill. 2d 508, 513 (1973)). Whena joint venture is found to exist, the legal principlespertaining to the relationship between partners govern. Section21 (1) of the Uniform Partnership Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch.106 BRUCE GOLDEN, APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUITCOURT OF COOK COUNTY "Golden *** releases *** the Firm *** from any and all claims *** whether now known orunknown *** including, but not limited to, any and all claims *** relating to or arising outof Golden's partnership, tenure or separation from the firm *** provided, however, that thisrelease and discharge shall not bar Golden from bringing any action to *** enforce thisagreement."