Musburger, LTD. v. Meier

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State: Illinois

Court: 1st District Appellate

Docket No: 1-07-3080 & 1-08-0814 Cons. Rel

Case Date: 08/31/2009

Preview:FIRST DIVISION August 31, 2009

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) TODD W. MUSBURGER, LTD., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GARRY MEIER, Defendant-Appellant. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County. No. 04 L 3760 Honorable Ronald Bartkowicz, Judge Presiding.

PRESIDING JUSTICE ROBERT E. GORDON delivered the opinion of the court: A jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff Todd W. Musburger, Ltd., a law firm, against defendant Garry Meier, awarding $68,750 in damages on count II of plaintiff's verified complaint for services rendered under a theory of quantum meruit.1 On January 30, 2007, the trial court entered judgment on that verdict. Defendant appeals the denial of his posttrial motion and petition under section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2006)) with respect to the January 30, 2007, order. On appeal, defendant raises five principal contentions arguing that: (1) the jury's verdict is against the manifest weight of the evidence, (2) the trial court erred by denying his motion to dismiss count II of plaintiff's complaint and by denying his motion for leave to file a fifth affirmative defense, (3) the trial court erred by barring certain expert Counts I and III of plaintiff's verified complaint, alleging breach of contract and

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unjust enrichment, respectively, were dismissed by the trial court prior to trial and are not before this court.

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) testimony, (4) the trial court erred by barring defendant from presenting evidence of payment concerning his second affirmative defense, and (5) the January 30, 2007, order entering judgment on the jury's verdict should be vacated due to a misnomer of plaintiff law firm in the complaint. We affirm for the reasons set forth below.2 BACKGROUND 1. The Parties According to the complaint in the case at bar, plaintiff "is an entertainment law firm that focuses on negotiating and drafting personal services contracts for broadcasters, writers, performers and directors, as well as negotiating and drafting contracts for entertainment projects in development." Todd Musburger is the president of plaintiff law firm and has been licensed as an Illinois attorney since 1973. Brian Musburger is Todd Musburger's son and is not an attorney and is employed by plaintiff law firm. Brian develops presentations, prepares industry analyses, keeps abreast of the media industry, and assists with negotiations between clients and their media employers, and has been employed with plaintiff law firm since 1998. Defendant is a well-known "on air radio personality who formerly co-hosted the radio program commonly referred to as the `Roe and Garry' show," on "WLS-AM radio" in Chicago from February 1996 to February 19, 2004.

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We note that defendant has not filed a reply brief with this court. 2

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) 2. The Events Leading to Trial The complaint in the case at bar alleges that on or about sometime in January 1998, defendant orally requested plaintiff to "serve as [defendant's] agent and exclusive legal representative for the negotiating and drafting of [defendant's] multi-million dollar agreements with the entertainment fields of radio and television." On February 6, 1998, plaintiff and defendant entered into a written agreement (1998 Agreement) where plaintiff agreed "to provide its services as [defendant's] exclusive representative for negotiating and drafting of [defendant's] agreements in the entertainment fields of radio and television." The complaint further alleges that plaintiff also agreed to provide advice and counseling "as needed," and to use its best efforts to locate other broadcast outlets that would be interested in defendant's services. Under the 1998 Agreement, defendant agreed to pay "the sum of 5% of the gross amount of the contract negotiated by [p]laintiff on [defendant's] behalf," and all expenses incurred on behalf of defendant. The complaint alleges that plaintiff began "intensive negotiations" with WLS regarding the renewal of defendant's already existing contract immediately upon execution of the 1998 Agreement. The complaint further alleges that "[a]fter months of rigorous negotiations," plaintiff successfully negotiated a five-year contract on behalf of defendant with WLS. The term of the written contract was from February 19, 1999, to February 18, 2004. Plaintiff received payment as fees in the amount of 5% of the gross amount of the contract.

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) The complaint further alleges that in September 2002, approximately 18 months prior to when defendant's contract with WLS was to expire in February 2004, defendant again retained plaintiff to negotiate a renewal contract. Plaintiff and defendant orally agreed that plaintiff would undertake this representation under the same terms as their 1998 Agreement; as before, plaintiff would receive 5% of the gross amount of the contract negotiated on behalf of defendant. The complaint further alleges that defendant "instructed [plaintiff] to explore and investigate potential alternative deals with competing broadcast outlets interested in [defendant's] services," both as "an alternative to WLS and to generate competitive interest." The complaint further alleges that defendant requested plaintiff contact Roe Conn's3 agent, George Hiltzik, so that plaintiff could assume the lead in negotiating agreements with WLS on behalf of both defendant and Conn. The complaint then alleges that from September 2002 until September 2003, plaintiff "spent well over [200] hours aggressively and effectively negotiating with WLS and other radio stations for a renewal contract that was satisfactory to [defendant]." In doing so, "[plaintiff] spent a large amount of time researching radio ratings and salaries for similar radio talk show hosts, developing comprehensive presentations for WLS and other radio stations, meeting with WLS officials and officials from other radio stations, and drafting various proposals for WLS." The complaint further alleges that by early

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Roe Conn was defendant's co-host of the "Roe and Garry" show from February

1996 to February 19, 2004. 4

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) September 2003, WLS had made defendant a number of offers, and three "other stations had expressed interest in pursuing employment possibilities for [defendant]." In particular, WLS offered defendant a 10-year renewal contract whereby defendant would be paid over $12 million. The complaint alleges that on September 11, 2003, defendant instructed plaintiff to cease all negotiations for a one-week period and to terminate all efforts during that time period. On September 22, 2003, defendant executed a letter addressed to plaintiff terminating plaintiff as defendant's agent and legal representative. On January 23, 2004, plaintiff executed a letter addressed to defendant including a bill for the work performed by plaintiff on defendant's behalf in 2002 and 2003. The bill provided for 170 hours at a billing rate of $475 per hour for the work performed by Todd Musburger, and 40 hours at a rate of $300 per hour for the work performed by Brian Musburger, for a total of $92,750. The bill was not itemized. Defendant refused to pay any portion of the bill. 3. Plaintiff's Complaint and Defendant's Affirmative Defenses Plaintiff filed its verified complaint against defendant on April 1, 2004, which included three counts alleging causes of action for breach of contract, quantum meruit, and unjust enrichment, respectively. Counts I and III of the complaint alleging breach of contract and unjust enrichment, respectively, dismissed by the trial court prior to trial because the counts did not state a cause of action, are not before this court. Only the

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) alleged cause of action for quantum meruit is before this court. In its complaint, plaintiff was styled "The Law Offices of Todd W. Musburger, Ltd."4 On January 19, 2005, defendant filed a verified answer denying the allegations asserted in count II of plaintiff's verified complaint. Further, defendant asserted several affirmative defenses including the following pertinent to this appeal. Defendant asserted that "The Law Offices of Todd W. Musburger, Ltd." was incapable of bringing suit, because it was not a registered Illinois corporation. Defendant also asserted that he previously paid for plaintiff's services in 2002 and 2003 pursuant to the parties' 1998 Agreement. Further, defendant alleged that plaintiff was not entitled to recover a fee for its services because it was terminated "for cause" and breached several fiduciary duties it owed to defendant, which will be further discussed below. The trial court struck defendant's affirmative defense regarding plaintiff's incapacity to sue and the affirmative defense that he previously paid for plaintiff's 2002 and 2003 services under the 1998 Agreement and barred any evidence in support of those claimed defenses. On January 23, 2007, the day before trial, defendant filed an "emergency motion" to file an additional affirmative defense, instanter. Defendant sought to assert that plaintiff was barred from recovering any fee for work performed between September 2002 and September 2003 because it was not licensed as a private employment agency under the Illinois Private Employment Agency Act (Act) (225 ILCS 515/0.01 et seq.

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Plaintiff filed articles of incorporation under the name "Todd W. Musburger,

Ltd." with the Illinois Secretary of State on May 17, 1982. 6

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) (West 2006)).5 The trial court denied defendant's motion for leave to file the additional affirmative defense. Specifically, the trial court found that the Act (225 ILCS 515/0.01 et seq. (West 2006)), did not apply to the activities performed by plaintiff on behalf of defendant during 2002 and 2003. 4. The Trial Several witnesses testified at trial before a jury. Plaintiff presented the testimony of Todd Musburger, Brian Musburger, and Zemira Jones (former president and general manager of WLS). Defendant presented the testimony of his wife, Cynthia Fircak, and Walter Maksym, an Illinois attorney retained to offer expert opinion testimony regarding the quantum meruit value of the services rendered from September 2002 to September 2003. On direct examination, Todd Musburger testified that he graduated from the DePaul University College of Law in 1973, and in 1980 founded plaintiff law firm. He characterized plaintiff law firm as an "entertainment law practice." He has been president of plaintiff law firm since it was founded and represents clients in the television, radio, publishing, and other media fields. Plaintiff law firm's concentration

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On appeal, defendant argues that the trial court erred by denying his section 2-

619 motion to dismiss (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2006)), on the basis that plaintiff failed to obtain licensing as a private employment agency under the Act. However, defendant does not cite to and our review of the record does not reveal a section 2-619 motion to dismiss. 7

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) "is devoted generally to the negotiation of the personal service contracts that [plaintiff law firm's] clients are asked to enter into." His hourly billing rate for work personally performed in 2003 was $475 per hour, which he testified was a reasonable and customary fee for an "entertainment lawyer" with his experience and ability. Todd is and at all relevant times was the only attorney in the law firm. The firm employed several employees, including Todd's son, Brian Musburger. Brian assists in negotiations and analyzes financial figures for radio and television ratings. Brian's billing rate for 2003 was $300 per hour, which Todd testified was a reasonable and customary fee for services performed by a person with Brian's expertise in the entertainment field. Todd Musburger then described plaintiff law firm's fee arrangements with the clients it represents. He testified that plaintiff law firm is typically paid a percentage of the total amount of compensation obtained in a contract when representing a client. The fee is paid over the term of the personal services contract obtained for the client and agreed to by the client. For example, if a client agrees to a three-year personal services contract, plaintiff's fee is paid over that same three-year period on a monthly basis. Todd first met defendant in the mid-1990s when defendant worked as a radio talk show host on WLS-AM in Chicago. In 1998, defendant hired plaintiff law firm to negotiate the terms of the renewal of his contract with WLS. The negotiations lasted six months and ended successfully with a five-year contract commencing on February 19, 1999, and terminating on February 18, 2004. Plaintiff law firm was paid for its work in negotiating the 1999 agreement.

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) Todd Musburger further testified that defendant requested the firm's services again in 2002 to negotiate a renewal of the contract that was scheduled to terminate in 2004. Defendant desired a contract where he would be paid an annual salary of at least $2.4 million. He testified that he believed that defendant's expectations were unreasonable, but agreed to represent defendant in his quest to obtain the desired result. Todd Musburger offered an exhibit (plaintiff's No. 5) into evidence which consisted of a compilation of records assembled after plaintiff's termination in September 2003 showing the work performed in 2002 and 2003. The records were not created contemporaneously with the work performed, and were created by using voice and e-mail records, documents produced and received, personal notes, and recollections of work performed by Todd and his son Brian. These records reflected the name of the person performing the services, the time spent, and a description and date of the activity. No objection was made to the admissibility of the records and the trial court received them in evidence. Todd testified that the records "underestimate[d]" the amount of time plaintiff law firm spent on defendant's behalf in 2002 and 2003. Todd provided testimony spanning over 100 pages in the trial transcript detailing an account of the work performed on an itemized basis from September 2002 to September 2003 prior to plaintiff's discharge. These activities included the time spent negotiating, developing strategy, researching radio ratings and salaries for similar radio talk show hosts, developing presentations, preparing correspondence, receiving and reviewing correspondence, and participating in

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) both telephone and meeting conferences with representatives from WLS and other radio stations. In the aggregate Todd detailed on an itemized basis 170 hours of work performed by himself personally at a billing rate of $475 per hour, and 40 hours of work performed by his son Brian at a billing rate of $300 per hour. Todd Musburger testified that in 2002, he was instructed by defendant to contact Conn's agent, Hiltzik, to negotiate an informal agreement where plaintiff would assume the lead in negotiations with WLS concerning the renewal of both defendant's and Conn's contracts. He testified to several contractual offers made by WLS by early September 2003 for both defendant and Conn. In particular, WLS offered both defendant and Conn a 10-year renewal contract where both defendant and Conn would each be paid over $1.2 million per year. Todd relayed the offer to defendant. Dissatisfied with the offer, defendant instructed Todd to first cease all negotiation for a one-week period and then instructed him to confer with defendant's wife, Cynthia Fircak, regarding all matters related to the negotiation of a contract renewal from that point forward. Todd testified that he did not cease negotiations, but continued in his efforts by scheduling meetings with WLS representatives subsequent to defendant's instruction to the contrary. For example, Todd testified that he participated in a lunch meeting with Jones of WLS to discuss defendant's contract after he had been instructed to cease negotiations. He felt that ceasing negotiations at that time would have severely undermined defendant's position in the negotiations. During that time, Todd sent a written agreement to defendant designed to govern the relationship between the law firm and defendant and

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) memorialize the parties' oral agreement to have the written 1998 Agreement govern their relationship for purposes of plaintiff's representation of defendant for a renewal of defendant's contract with WLS, which was set to terminate in February 2004. The new written agreement included a clause, which did not appear in the parties' 1998 written agreement, that the law firm "may render similar services to others, including persons of the same general qualifications and eligibility for similar employment, and such representation shall not constitute a violation of [plaintiff's] fiduciary duty or other obligations." Defendant refused to sign the new agreement. On September 22, 2003, defendant terminated plaintiff as his agent and legal representative in writing. On cross-examination, Todd agreed that his law firm cannot bill for legal services for Brian because he is not a duly licensed attorney. However, he testified that Brian's work was "nonlegal" and that the time billed for work performed by Brian was nonlegal in nature. Todd testified that the work performed by Brian on defendant's behalf, such as radio broadcast analyses, was needed to calculate defendant's market value, a determination made by calculating show ratings and advertising revenues, to strengthen defendant's position in negotiations with WLS. Todd further testified that he would have performed the services performed by Brian had Brian not performed the services on defendant's behalf. Brian Musburger was then called as a witness for plaintiff at trial. Brian testified that he is not an attorney and has been employed by plaintiff law firm since 1998, that Todd Musburger is his father, that his duties were to assist in all negotiations on behalf of

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) clients and analyze financial figures for radio and television ratings, and prepare presentations used in the negotiations on behalf of clients. Brian testified that the billing rate for work he performed in 2003 was $300 per hour. Brian also testified concerning the compilation of records assembled after plaintiff's termination in September 2003 for the purposes of billing defendant for work performed. Brian provided testimony detailing an account of the work performed by him on an itemized basis from September 2002 to September 2003. Brian testified that his work was needed to calculate defendant's market value, and that his hourly rate was a reasonable and customary fee for the services performed by someone with his level of expertise in the entertainment field. Zemira Jones testified on behalf of plaintiff through an evidence deposition. He was the president and general manager of WLS in Chicago from November 1995 until June 2004. Since that time he has been employed with ABC Disney and as vice president of operations for Radio One, Inc. Jones testified that his duties as president and general manager of WLS included the negotiation of contracts with radio talk show hosts. Jones testified that defendant was one of the radio personalities on WLS-AM during his tenure as WLS's president. He testified that defendant co-hosted the "Roe and Garry" show from February 1996 to February 19, 2004. On February 4, 2003, he received a letter from plaintiff law firm confirming a conversation that he had with Todd Musburger that plaintiff would assume the lead in representing both defendant and Roe Conn with regard to a renewal of their

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) contracts with WLS that were scheduled to expire in 2004.6 Jones testified that he participated in negotiations with plaintiff on more than one occasion and described Todd Musburger as "a professional who understood the protocols of negotiating broadcast talent." Jones testified that both Todd Musburger and his son Brian Musburger participated in the negotiations for both defendant and Conn. The Musburgers did nothing during those negotiations to prejudice defendant, and did not present any other radio talent to him while they represented defendant. Jones also testified that he continued negotiations with defendant's wife, Cynthia Fircak, after the termination of plaintiff law firm. Defendant testified on his own behalf at trial. He testified that he is a radio talk show host and has worked in that capacity since 1973. In 1973 he attended the Institute of Broadcast Arts in Chicago and was able to secure a position as the night radio show host at WFYR-FM in Chicago. In 1974, defendant secured a mid-day radio talk show host position with a Des Plaines, Illinois, radio station, which he held for four years. In 1977, defendant secured a position as the night radio talk show host for WLUP-FM in Chicago. Shortly after starting at WLUP, defendant secured a position as the co-host of the morning radio talk show at WLUP with then co-host, Steve Dahl. Defendant and Dahl co-hosted that show for 15 years. In 1993, defendant and Dahl ended their mutual participation, and defendant then hosted the afternoon radio talk show at WLUP. In

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Conn was represented by an attorney who agreed that Todd would assume

the lead in negotiations. 13

No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) 1994, defendant became a feature reporter for WGN's morning television news show in Chicago. In February 1996, defendant left WGN's morning television news show and joined WLS co-hosting the "Roe and Garry" show with Conn. Defendant testified that he first met Todd Musburger in the mid-1990s, and he hired plaintiff law firm as his "agent" in 1998. Defendant hired plaintiff law firm to negotiate a renewal of his contract with WLS that was scheduled to expire in 1999. He entered into a written fee agreement with plaintiff law firm whereby plaintiff law firm would be paid 5% of the gross amount of the contract negotiated by plaintiff on his behalf. Defendant testified that he paid plaintiff 5% of the gross amount on the 1999 contract. Defendant then testified that in the fall of 2002, he retained the services of plaintiff law firm for the negotiation of the renewal of his contract with WLS that was set to expire in 2004. He testified that he instructed plaintiff to begin negotiations with a salary demand whereby both Conn and he each would be paid $2.4 million per year. He instructed plaintiff to begin negotiations at that figure so that there would be room for negotiation. He testified that he desired an annual salary of a minimum of $1.5 million per year, and that he made his desire clear to Todd Musburger. As noted, both Todd and Brian Musburger testified that defendant only expressed his desire for an annual salary of at least $2.4 million. The offers from WLS and other radio broadcast outlets during the time that plaintiff law firm represented defendant in 2002 and 2003 were unacceptable to

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) defendant. In September 2003, he received an offer from WLS for a 10-year personal services contract for $12 million, which defendant considered to be below his market value. He testified that Todd Musburger became increasingly difficult to reach. In September 2003, defendant received the new written agreement proposal from plaintiff law firm. The new written agreement proposal was designed to supersede the parties' 1998 written agreement. The proposal included a clause giving plaintiff law firm the ability to "render similar services to others, including persons of the same general qualifications and eligibility for similar employment, and such representation shall not constitute a violation of [plaintiff's] fiduciary duty or other obligations." Defendant refused to sign the new agreement proposal. Soon thereafter defendant orally instructed Todd Musburger to cease all negotiations with WLS for a short period. Despite his instructions Todd met with WLS representatives, and defendant then terminated plaintiff law firm as his agent because he felt that his interests were not being properly represented. His wife, Cynthia Fircak, assumed the role of his agent in negotiations with WLS, and defendant received the bill for quantum meruit services of $92,750 on January 23, 2004. On cross-examination, defendant agreed that had negotiations in 2002 and 2003 been successful and a renewal of his contract achieved, plaintiff would have been entitled to 5% of the gross amount of the contract negotiated on his behalf. Cynthia Fircak testified as a witness on behalf of defendant at trial. Her testimony substantially supported defendant's testimony.

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) Defendant called Walter Maksym, an Illinois attorney, retained to offer expert opinion testimony regarding the value of the services rendered by plaintiff to defendant from September 2002 to September 2003. Maksym was disclosed as defendant's Supreme Court Rule 213(f)(3) (210 Ill. 2d R. 213(f)(3)) controlled expert witness prior to trial, and his proposed opinions were disclosed in a 16-page disclosure. Prior to trial, plaintiff presented a motion in limine to bar several opinions in the Rule 213 disclosure at trial. The trial court barred Maksym from opining that plaintiff was not entitled to maintain a claim for quantum meruit because such a claim is at odds with the parties' understanding of their agreement. Further, Maksym was barred from opining that plaintiff breached its fiduciary duty and could not receive payment for its 2002 and 2003 services because it was not licensed pursuant to the Act. Maksym did opine at trial that the services performed by plaintiff in 2002 and 2003 were without value. He based his conclusion on his review of plaintiff's compiled records concerning work performed between September 2002 and September 2003. Maksym opined that there are various factors that are appropriate to consider when assessing the value of an attorney's services. The factors are: (1) the time spent by an attorney on an issue; (2) the specific services performed; (3) the normal or customary billing rate for attorneys in the community; (4) the novelty and difficulty of the legal issues; (5) the skill exhibited by the attorney; (6) the experience, reputation and ability of the attorney; (7) the time limitations on the performance of the services; (8) the attorney's relationship with the client; (9) the objective benefit to the client from the

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) attorney's services; (10) the subjective importance to the client of the attorney's services; and (11) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment by the attorney. Applying these factors to his review of the compiled records submitted by plaintiff in support of its claim in quantum meruit, Maksym opined that the services provided by plaintiff to defendant from September 2002 and September 2003 were worth nothing. Maksym opined that plaintiff's services on behalf of defendant during the operative period were of no benefit to defendant because they did not lead to a renewal of defendant's contract. Maksym further opined that defendant was not obligated to pay for the services performed by Brian Musburger because he was not an attorney and plaintiff could not charge for any legal services performed by him. 5. The Jury's Verdict and Postjudgment Proceedings As noted, count II of plaintiff's verified complaint sought recovery for services rendered, in the amount of $92,750, under a theory of quantum meruit. Specifically, the complaint sought $80,750 in legal fees for 170 hours of work performed by Todd Musburger at an hourly rate of $475, and $12,000 in nonlegal fees for 40 hours of work performed by Brian Musburger at an hourly rate of $300. As noted, the jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff awarding $68,750 in damages. On January 30, 2007, the trial court entered judgment on that verdict. Defendant filed a posttrial motion which was denied, and on October 13, 2007, filed a section 2-1401 petition to vacate the trial court's January 30, 2007, order claiming the judgment order was void because "The Law Offices

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) of Todd W. Musburger, Ltd." had no standing to bring suit because it was a nonentity. On March 14, 2008, the trial court denied defendant's section 2-1401 petition to vacate its January 30, 2007, order. Defendant filed timely notices of appeal from both the denial of his posttrial motion and the denial of his section 2-1401 petition to vacate the trial court's January 30, 2007, order. We consolidated the appeals on motion of defendant. ANALYSIS This quantum meruit action was brought by plaintiff to collect fees for services performed for defendant between September 2002 and September 2003. A discharged attorney, in this case more accurately, a law firm, is entitled to recover the reasonable value of services performed. Much Shelist Freed Denenberg & Ament P.C. v. Lison, 297 Ill. App. 3d 375, 381 (1998); In re Estate of Callahan, 144 Ill. 2d 32, 40 (1991). As the trial court recognized, plaintiff law firm could only pursue an action for quantum meruit (and could not pursue a cause of action for breach of contract) because it was representing defendant on a contingent basis and was discharged in the midst of that representation. A client may discharge her attorney at any time, with or without cause. Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 378, citing Rhoades v. Norfolk & Western Ry. Co., 78 Ill. 2d 217, 227-28 (1979). "When a client terminates her attorney, the contingent-fee contract ceases to exist, and the contingency term is no longer operative." Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 378, citing In re Estate of Callahan, 144 Ill. 2d at 40. "A discharged attorney may be compensated for the services rendered before the discharge on a quantum meruit basis." Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 379, citing Rhoades, 78 Ill. 2d

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No. 1-07-3080; 1-08-0814 (Cons.) at 230. Quantum meruit literally means " `as much as he deserves.' " Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 378, quoting First National Bank of Springfield v. Malpractice Research, Inc., 179 Ill. 2d 353, 365 (1997). "In quantum meruit recovery, the former client is liable for the reasonable value of the services received during the attorney's employment." Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 379, citing In re Estate of Callahan, 144 Ill. 2d at 41. "Quantum meruit is based on the implied promise of a recipient of services to pay for valuable services because otherwise the recipient would be unjustly enriched." Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 379. In some cases, it is possible for a client to receive services and yet not be enriched in a tangible way. Much Shelist, 297 Ill. App. 3d at 379, citing D. Dobbs, Remedies

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