People v. Rowe
State: Illinois
Court: 2nd District Appellate
Docket No: 2-95-0551
Case Date: 09/16/1997
No. 2--95--0551
_________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
_________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
ILLINOIS, ) of Lake County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) No. 94--CF--2916
)
v. )
)
JOHNNY E. ROWE, ) Honorable
) Charles F. Scott,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HUTCHINSON delivered the opinion of the court:
Defendant, Johnny E. Rowe, appeals his sentence, alleging
various errors, including the ineffective assistance of counsel.
We vacate the trial court's order striking defendant's pro se
motion to reduce his sentence and remand the cause for further
proceedings.
Defendant was charged by information with the offense of
burglary of a vehicle (720 ILCS 5/19--1(a) (West 1994)). A jury
found defendant guilty of the offense on March 7, 1995. The trial
court entered judgment on the verdict, ordered a presentence
investigation (PSI) report, an alcohol and substance abuse
evaluation, and an intensive probation evaluation. Julie Koerner,
the assistant public defender who was defendant's trial counsel,
filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or,
alternatively, for a new trial. A hearing was held on April 25,
1995, in which the trial court denied the posttrial motion and
sentenced defendant to five years' imprisonment. Defendant's
notice of appeal was filed by the clerk of the circuit court on the
same date.
The record reveals that, after the trial, in March 1995,
defendant pro se and Koerner moved for the appointment of counsel
other than the public defender. Defendant alleged the ineffective
assistance of trial counsel and claimed certain witnesses had not
been called. The trial court denied defendant's motion in part,
but agreed to appoint attorney Alex Rafferty for sentencing
purposes and to address any allegations of the ineffective
assistance of trial counsel; Koerner remained appointed for any
other posttrial motion.
At the April 25 hearing, Rafferty reported the results of his
investigation to the court and stated he found no evidence of
ineffective assistance of defendant's trial counsel, Koerner. The
trial court denied defendant's oral motion to find trial counsel
ineffective. After further argument by attorney Koerner, the trial
court also denied defendant's written posttrial motion. During the
sentencing portion of the hearing, attorney Rafferty moved for a
continuance to complete the intensive probation interview. The
trial court denied the motion, indicating it would not delay the
proceeding for this reason.
The court then considered the factors in aggravation and
mitigation. It noted, among other things, defendant's previous
violations of probation stemming from prior battery offenses and
his failure to complete treatment for level III alcohol abuse.
Because defendant denied his problems and failed to take
responsibility for his actions, the court did not find defendant
amenable to further treatment. The PSI report recommended
imprisonment, but the report also stated that, if the court should
elect to sentence defendant to probation, defendant should be
subject to periodic imprisonment, along with certain conditions,
and should be released only for employment or substance abuse
treatment. The court sentenced defendant to five years'
imprisonment with credit for time served.
On May 22, 1995, defendant filed a pro se motion to reduce his
sentence (730 ILCS 5/5--8--1(c) (West 1994)). The motion was
accompanied by defendant's affidavit and a notice of motion. On
May 23, 1995, the trial court entered an order striking defendant's
motion, stating that it lacked jurisdiction because of defendant's
previously filed notice of appeal.
On appeal, defendant argues that counsel appointed for his
sentencing was ineffective for failing to file any motion to reduce
his sentence of imprisonment; that the waiver rule should not
preclude defendant from asserting that the trial court erred in
refusing to allow the completion of an application for intensive
probation during the PSI and relied on an incomplete report; and
that, in sentencing him to imprisonment, the court erred in failing
to make either of the statutorily required findings necessary to
deny probation, where he was convicted of a nonviolent offense and
could have been eligible for intensive probation. Those findings
required by statute are that (1) the defendant's imprisonment or
periodic imprisonment is necessary for the protection of the public
or (2) probation or conditional discharge would deprecate the
seriousness of the offender's conduct and would be inconsistent
with the ends of justice. 730 ILCS 5/5--6--1(a) (West 1994).
Defendant also claims, in effect, that he has been prejudiced
in raising his sentencing issues by the failure of counsel to file
a postsentencing motion as provided by section 5--8--1(c) of the
Unified Code of Corrections (the Code) (730 ILCS 5/5--8--1(c) (West
1994)). People v. Moncrief, 276 Ill. App. 3d 533 (1995) (statutory
amendment subsequent to People v. Lewis, 158 Ill. 2d 386 (1994),
appears to require written motion to preserve sentencing issues or
waiver rule may be applied absent plain error); see People v.
Beals, 162 Ill. 2d 497, 510 (1994) (sentencing issue waived);
People v. Reed, 282 Ill. App. 3d 278 (1996) (citing waiver rule of
Moncrief with approval), appeal allowed, 168 Ill. 2d 616 (1996).
Given the procedural posture of this case, we believe it would
be improper to address the merits of defendant's sentencing issues.
Instead, we conclude that the trial court erred in refusing to
consider defendant's pro se motion to reduce his sentence because
of its misperception that it did not have jurisdiction to consider
the motion where a notice of appeal had already been filed. We
remand the cause for further proceedings.
Ordinarily, the filing of a notice of appeal divests the trial
court of jurisdiction to enter any order involving a matter of
substance and causes the jurisdiction of the appellate court to
attach instanter. People v. Curry, 167 Ill. App. 3d 146, 149
(1988). However, this court has held that the timely filing of a
postsentencing motion (i.e., within 30 days of the judgment) acts
as an implicit motion to dismiss the notice of appeal and renders
the notice of appeal ineffectual. People v. Hook, 248 Ill. App. 3d
16, 18 (1993), relying in part on People v. Giles, 230 Ill. App. 3d
730 (1992) (postguilty-plea motions rendered notice of appeal
ineffectual and did not deprive trial court of jurisdiction to
consider and rule on motions; cause remanded for trial court to
rule on pending motions); accord People v. Richmond, 278 Ill. App.
3d 1042, 1046-47 (1996) (rule applied to postsentencing motion;
cited Hook and Curry with approval); Curry, 167 Ill. App. 3d 146;
see People v. Jackson, 239 Ill. App. 3d 165, 168-69 (1992)
(McCullough, J., dissenting).
Section 5--8--1(c) of the Code requires a trial court to
consider the merits of a motion to reduce a sentence that is timely
filed, if the movant is diligent in seeking a ruling. People v.
Soles, 226 Ill. App. 3d 944, 947 (1992) (trial court erred in
refusing to rule on the merits of defendants' motions to reconsider
their sentences). Moreover, if such a motion is properly and
timely filed, "then for purposes of perfecting an appeal, a final
judgment shall not be considered to have been entered until the
motion to reduce a sentence has been decided by order entered by
the trial court." 730 ILCS 5/5--8--1(c) (West 1994). In other
words, the proper filing of such a motion not only negates the
effect of the notice of appeal and revests the trial court with
jurisdiction, but it also tolls the running of the time for appeal
until the trial court properly rules on the motion. See People v.
Jenkins, 251 Ill. App. 3d 1, 9 (1993) (Chapman, P.J., specially
concurring).
We are aware that a similar, though not identical, situation
was recently addressed in People v. Neal, 286 Ill. App. 3d 353
(1996). The Appellate Court, Fourth District, remanded that matter
to the trial court with instructions to strike a pending pro se
motion directed at sentencing issues. On the surface, our order
and the order in Neal appear inconsistent and irreconcilable.
However, we do not believe that to be the case.
The difference in these two cases is subtle but significant.
In Neal, the defendant had been actively represented in his direct
appeal, but appellate counsel chose not to raise the grounds set
forth in defendant's pro se motion to reduce the sentence.
Therefore, the direct appeal reviewing court scrutinized the record
on appeal, the briefs, and the transcripts that were sent up,
absent the pro se motion, and issued an order under Supreme Court
Rule 23 (People v. Neal, No. 4--94--0710 (November 17,
1995)(unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23)) disposing of
the matter. While that appeal was pending, the pro se motion to
reduce Neal's sentence was being heard and denied in the trial
court. After those hearings were concluded, another timely notice
of appeal was filed. This subsequent reviewing court was then
faced with thorny jurisdiction issues as a result of the unusual
procedural process employed.
In the case at bar, appointed counsel argued the fact that a
pro se motion had been filed and stricken, and thus we have been
able to identify the problem before any appellate decision has been
rendered. In doing so, we are also able to address some procedure
and policy issues that have created this jurisdictional quagmire.
Initially, we note that many trial courts order the clerk of
the circuit court to file a notice of appeal on behalf of the
defendant on the day of sentencing. This procedure certainly
guarantees that the notice is filed prior to the expiration of the
30-day period set forth in Supreme Court Rules 605 and 606 (145
Ill. 2d R. 605; 134 Ill. 2d R. 606). This procedure also appears
to eliminate the need for an additional court appearance to request
that such a notice be filed when an indigent defendant remains in
custody after sentencing.
However, these orders to file the notice of appeal on the day
of sentencing also prompt another series of motions and orders that
effectively leave indigent defendants without actual and practical
legal representation during the 30 days immediately following
sentencing. Appointed trial counsel customarily request that they
be relieved of the responsibility of representation once a notice
of appeal has been filed. At the same time, they request orders
appointing the Office of the State Appellate Defender (OSAD) to
represent the defendants on appeal. Similarly, trial counsel hired
by defendants or on behalf of defendants frequently ask leave to
withdraw as their clients are present when the sentencing order is
entered. When no objection is noted, trial courts allow the
withdrawal. At that time, the defendants are either left without
legal representation, or, upon withdrawal, counsel make a motion
for the appointment of the OSAD to represent the defendants on
appeal. Motions to appoint the OSAD are generally granted at this
stage of the proceedings.
There is no dispute that the notices of appointment are
transmitted to the OSAD in a timely fashion. However, there is
also no dispute that the OSAD is rarely in a position to secure the
transcripts of the proceedings, contact the defendants concerning
sentencing issues, and file appropriate motions within 30 days
after sentencing. Therefore, defendants are compelled to file
rough, poorly drafted pro se motions raising sentencing issues, or
they write letters to the trial judges asking for assistance to
raise sentencing issues. Finally, heavy caseloads often prevent
any meaningful response to or notice of these pro se efforts until
after the record on appeal is transmitted to the appellate court,
and then that record on appeal often does not indicate that the pro
se matters are pending.
This court believes that the practices described above are
genuinely undertaken to protect the criminal defendants' rights on
appeal and to efficiently implement appropriate supreme court
rules. However, as admitted in the Neal case and as identified
here, harsh consequences can result for the defendants, and
judicial resources are unnecessarily spent.
Furthermore, there are other salutary reasons for allowing the
trial court to rule on the merits of any sentencing issues raised
by postsentencing motion before taking an appeal to this court.
Absent such a ruling, as in this case, the motion goes unconsidered
and undecided, and the reviewing court is forced to consider the
appeal without the benefit of the trial court's having had the
opportunity to correct any potential errors in sentencing. See
Giles, 230 Ill. App. 3d at 733. While it might take a little more
effort on the part of the parties and the trial court, the
consideration of a defendant's postsentencing motion on the merits
permits both the State and the defendant to present further
evidence or argument and the trial court to rethink its decision if
necessary. The record then presented on appeal will be further
clarified and will ultimately promote judicial economy and the
finality of judgments. See Jenkins, 251 Ill. App. 3d at 6.
In this case, on May 22, 1995, defendant filed a timely motion
and notice of motion in accordance with the statute. The trial
court refused to rule on the merits of the motion, incorrectly
believing it had lost jurisdiction. The court's decision was
without authority as it was required to rule on the merits of the
motion, and its decision did not constitute a final judgment on the
merits for purposes of appeal as contemplated by the statute.
Jurisdiction remained in the trial court until a ruling could be
rendered on the merits. To rule otherwise would create absurd
results and create a trap for the defendant who follows the
statutory requirements--only to be foreclosed from a timely remedy.
In Giles, 230 Ill. App. 3d 730, the trial court's failure to
rule on the defendants' timely filed postguilty-plea motions was
held to render the later filed notices of appeal ineffective. The
reviewing court reversed the order directing the filing of the
notices of appeal and remanded the cause to consider each
defendant's motion.
Here, the timely filing of defendant's postsentencing motion
negated the effect of the notice of appeal. Furthermore, we have
determined that the trial court's refusal to hear defendant's
timely filed postsentencing motion cannot be deemed to have been a
final order for purposes of appeal; the trial court retains
jurisdiction until it rules on the merits of defendant's motion.
Finally, we recognize that the problems discussed above due to
the procedure and policy issues identified may arise in other types
of criminal proceedings. However, our decision is limited to the
fact pattern presented by this case.
The order of the circuit court of Lake County striking
defendant's postsentencing motion is vacated, and the cause is
remanded for further proceedings.
Vacated and remanded.
BOWMAN and DOYLE, JJ., concur.
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