Machinery Transports v. Morton Community Bank
State: Illinois
Court: 3rd District Appellate
Docket No: 3-97-0078
Case Date: 11/14/1997
No. 3--97--0078
_________________________________________________________________
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
A.D., 1997
MACHINERY TRANSPORTS OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
ILLINOIS, an Illinois ) for the 10th Judicial Circuit,
corporation; DENNIS LAHOOD, ) Tazewell County, Illinois
ANTHONY T. LAHOOD, JR., )
MARTHA LAHOOD, )
)
Plaintiffs-Appellants, )
) No. 93--L--136
v. )
)
MORTON COMMUNITY BANK and )
GORDON D.HONEGGER, )
individually, ) Honorable
) Donald C. Courson
Defendants-Appellees. ) Judge, Presiding
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BRESLIN delivered the opinion of the court:
_________________________________________________________________
At issue is whether a complaint based on several oral credit
agreements is barred by the Illinois Credit Agreement Act (Act),
815 ILCS 160/0.01 et seq. (West 1996), which prohibits recovery
unless a credit agreement is in writing. We hold that the trial
court properly found that the Act precluded the debtors' action
even though the complaint alleged that the debtors fully performed
their obligations. Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
In January 1995, the plaintiffs, Machinery Transport of
Illinois (MTI), Dennis LaHood, Anthony LaHood, Jr. and Martha
LaHood, filed a six-count complaint against defendants Morton
Community Bank (Bank) and Gordon Honegger, the Bank's chairman of
the board. The complaint included counts for breach of contract,
interference with contractual relationships, invasion of
privacy/false light, deceptive business practices and fraud. The
complaint alleged that in 1991, MTI, which was a long-standing
customer of the Bank, made a request that the Bank allow MTI to pay
interest only on its outstanding indebtedness. Honegger agreed to
grant MTI's request if Martha LaHood, the mother of the owners of
MTI, would pledge her stock in the Bank as additional security for
the outstanding loans. In addition, Honegger agreed that when a
labor strike at Caterpillar, Inc. ended, the Bank would release
Martha's stock and grant MTI a $100,000 line of credit secured by
a mortgage on MTI's building. These agreements were not reduced to
writing. Thereafter the Bank held Martha's stock, and MTI only
paid interest on its outstanding indebtedness. When the strike
ended, however, Honegger refused to release the stock and refused
to grant MTI the additional line of credit.
MTI also alleged that in April 1992, Dennis LaHood, one of its
owners, met with Jean Honegger, a Bank officer. He inquired about
obtaining short term loans to cover checks that had been written on
MTI's account at the Bank. Jean promised that the checks would be
honored if MTI paid a $15 per check overdraft fee. This agreement
was not in writing, and despite the promise, the Bank dishonored
the checks. Thereafter, Dennis met with the president of the Bank
in July, 1992, and advised him that MTI needed to write several
checks for which it did not have funds. The president assured
Dennis that the checks would be honored, but the Bank selectively
dishonored several important checks. This agreement was not
reduced to writing. Furthermore, the Bank placed a sign in its
window that advised customers that MTI checks would be honored.
The plaintiffs complained that the sign conveyed to the public that
MTI's credit was not generally acceptable.
The defendants responded to the complaint by filing a motion
to dismiss pursuant to 735 ILCS 5/2--615 (West 1996) and 5/2--619
(West 1996), asserting that the claims were barred by the Act
because the agreements were not reduced to writing. The trial
court agreed and dismissed four of the counts, leaving only the
breach of contract and fraud counts. Thereafter, the trial court
concluded that the remaining counts were also barred by the Act and
granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants. This appeal
followed.
DISCUSSION
The sole issue on appeal is whether MTI's complaint is barred
because the agreements upon which the complaint is based are not in
writing pursuant to the Illinois Credit Agreement Act.
Summary judgment should be granted only when the pleadings,
depositions, and affidavits reveal there is no genuine issue of
material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Bellerive v. Hilton Hotels Corp., 245 Ill. App. 3d
933, 615 N.E.2d 858 (1993). The appellate court reviews orders
granting summary judgment de novo. Nordness v. Mitek Corp.
Surgical Products, Inc., 286 Ill. App. 3d 761, 677 N.E.2d 19
(1997). A motion to dismiss admits all facts well-pleaded in the
plaintiff's complaint. Village of Riverwoods v. BG Ltd.
Partnership, 276 Ill. App. 3d 720, 658 N.E.2d 1261 (1995). As with
summary judgment, this court's review of the dismissal of a
complaint is independent of the trial court's judgment. Lawson v.
City of Chicago, 278 Ill. App. 3d 628, 662 N.E.2d 1377 (1996).
In relevant part, the Act provides:
"A debtor may not maintain an action on or in any way
related to a credit agreement unless the credit agreement
is in writing, expresses an agreement or commitment to
lend money or extend credit or delay or forbear repayment
of money, sets forth the relevant terms and conditions,
and is signed by the creditor and the debtor." 815 ILCS
160/2 (West 1996).
Although their complaint is based on several oral credit
agreements, the plaintiffs maintain that it is not barred by the
Act because they fully performed all of the obligations under the
agreements. They contend that full performance, unlike partial
performance, should be an exception to the requirement that all
agreements must be in writing. While we might agree with the
equities of this argument, we decline to adopt this position for
two reasons.
First, the Act clearly and unambiguously requires that all
agreements be in writing. The plain language of the Act precludes
debtors from maintaining an action that relates to a credit
agreement unless that agreement is in writing. The Act does not
permit any exceptions.
Second, this argument was specifically rejected in McAloon v.
Northwest Bancorp, Inc., 274 Ill. App. 3d 758, 654 N.E.2d 1091
(1995) and First National Bank in Staunton v. McBride Chevrolet,
Inc., 267 Ill. App. 3d 367, 642 N.E.2d 138 (1994).
In McAloon, the court held that because the legislature
created the Act as a separate statute instead of amending the
existing Frauds Act (740 ILCS 80/1 et seq. (West 1992)), it
intended to extend the coverage of the Act beyond the Frauds Act.
For this reason, the court held that the traditional defenses to
the Frauds Act, including equitable estoppel, are inapplicable to
the Act. Consequently, the McAloon court concluded that the Act
bars any claim that is related to an oral credit agreement, without
exception. McAloon, 274 Ill. App. 3d at 765, 654 N.E.2d at 1095.
In McBride, the court emphasized that the Act is broadly
worded. The court recognized that the language of the Act was
inapposite to the language of the Frauds Act which allowed certain
exceptions to the requirement that all agreements be in writing.
Based on this recognition, the court held that all claims, defenses
or counterclaims raised by the debtor were precluded under the Act
if they were based on an oral agreement. McBride, 267 Ill. App. 3d
at 372, 642 N.E.2d at 142; see also Whirlpool Financial Corp. v.
Sevaux, 874 F. Supp. 181 (N.D. Ill. 1994) (traditional exceptions
to the statute of frauds cannot be raised to counter an action
within the scope of the Act). Thus, according to McBride and
McAloon, all actions relying on an oral agreement are barred by the
Act.
We reluctantly agree with McBride and McAloon. Our reluctance
stems from our acute awareness that strict application of this
statute can easily lead to disastrous consequences in the hands of
unscrupulous lenders.
In the instant case, MTI and the Bank entered an oral
agreement, and in compliance with that agreement MTI provided the
Bank with valuable stock assets. Eventually, MTI recovered those
assets. But the Bank could have easily sold the stock. In that
event, the Bank would clearly be unjustly enriched, yet a strict
construction of the Act would not allow MTI to recover. Such a
result is offensive to this court and would offend most of our
citizenry as well. Therefore, we urge the legislature to
reconsider the harsh language of the Act in light of the numerous
potential abuses that may occur.
But this is not a case involving unjust enrichment. This is
a case alleging full performance, and MTI is urging this court to
create a full performance exception to the Act. This we are not
inclined to do. By introducing this Act independent of the Frauds
Act, the legislature extended its application beyond the
traditional statute of frauds and the equitable defense of full
performance under the Frauds Act. Thus, where no unjust enrichment
has occurred, we will apply the statute as written. Accordingly,
we hold that MTI's complaint is barred by the Act regardless of its
allegations of full performance because the agreements were not in
writing.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court
of Tazewell County is affirmed.
Affirmed.
LYTTON, P.J., and MICHELA, J., concur.
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