People v. Knight

SUPREME COURT CASES

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People v. Knight

State: Illinois

Court: 3rd District Appellate

Docket No: 3-08-0860 Rel

Case Date: 10/29/2010

Preview:No. 3-08-0860 ______________________________________________________________________________ Filed October 29, 2010 IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS THIRD DISTRICT A.D., 2010 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Appeal from the Circuit Court of the ) Twelfth Judicial Circuit, ) Will County, Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) No. 90-CF-1729 ) CHRISTOPHER KNIGHT, ) The Honorable ) Rodney B. Lechwar, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________ JUSTICE McDADE delivered the opinion of the court: ______________________________________________________________________________ In October 2002 the circuit court summarily dismissed defendant's second postconviction petition as untimely and without merit. This court reversed the circuit court's judgment and remanded for second-stage proceedings on defendant's petition for postconviction relief. On remand, the circuit court appointed counsel, and counsel amended defendant's petition. Following arguments, the circuit court entered an order granting the State's motion to dismiss defendant's second amended postconviction petition. For the following reasons, we reverse. BACKGROUND In 1993 the State indicted defendant, Christopher Knight, with three counts of first degree murder for the stabbing death of Henderson Simmons. In December 1993 defendant pled guilty to first degree murder under a fully negotiated plea agreement. Specifically, defendant pled )

guilty to count II of the indictment alleging that defendant stabbed the victim to death with the intent to inflict great bodily harm. The incident occurred while defendant and the victim were inmates at Stateville Correctional Center. The State initially charged defendant, Eddie Collier--also an inmate--and two others with Simmons's death. The factual basis for defendant's guilty plea was that three witnesses would testify to seeing defendant stab the victim. The victim died in defendant's cell. Two of those three witnesses would testify that Collier also attacked the victim. The factual basis for the plea also recited that two investigators would testify that defendant denied stabbing the victim and stated that Collier attacked the victim and that an uncharged inmate, Young, then stabbed the victim. At the hearing to enter the plea, defendant conceded that the State's witnesses would testify as proffered but noted that their statements were somewhat contradictory. Defendant informed the trial court that he was satisfied with his attorney's performance and that no one had forced or threatened him in any way to plead guilty. The circuit court of Will County sentenced defendant to 40 years' imprisonment. In April 2002 defendant filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief from judgment on grounds of actual innocence. The petition alleged that witnesses would testify that defendant did not commit the murder but the petition did not identify all of the witnesses. Defendant attached the affidavit of Eddie Collier to the petition. Collier averred that defendant was 30 feet away from the victim when the murder occurred. Defendant also attached Walter Fields' affidavit averring that Collier pushed the victim into a cell along with another, unidentified inmate. Fields did not see what happened next but averred that defendant was not in the area or involved in the dispute that led to the attack. -2-

The State filed a motion to dismiss defendant's pro se petition, attaching a transcript of proceedings on a guilty plea Collier entered in a companion case resulting from the victim's death. The factual basis for Collier's guilty plea to a charge of armed violence based on Simmons' murder recited that defendant stabbed Simmons while Collier was seen punching or making stabbing motions toward the victim. In May 2002 the circuit court of Will County summarily dismissed defendant's pro se petition for postconviction relief as untimely. In February 2003 defendant filed a petition for clemency in which he stated that Young stabbed Simmons in defendant's cell while Collier held the victim down. In his petition defendant stated that he was in his cell but ran after seeing the first blow. In July 2003 defendant filed a second petition for postconviction relief on the grounds of actual innocence. Defendant alleged that Young stabbed the victim to death while Collier held the victim. Defendant attached an affidavit from Charles "Solo" Harris, also known as Jerry Hollins (hereinafter Harris), in which Harris averred (1) that defendant did not kill the victim, (2) that he relayed a message to defendant from members of the Gangster Disciples street gang that defendant had to "take the case" for the murder, and (3) that he told defendant that the gang would provide him with an attorney. Defendant's second petition also listed four other witnesses who would all testify that he did not commit the murder. The witness list included Collier. Defendant's second postconviction petition also alleged ineffective assistance of counsel and the existence of new evidence of innocence. Defendant alleged ineffective assistance on the grounds the chief of the Gangster Disciples street gang at Stateville, Robert "Big Lowe" Lowe, hired his counsel. Defendant's claimed new evidence of his innocence was that a correctional officer on duty at the time of the murder, Sergeant David Tadlock, was addicted to illegal drugs -3-

and, as a result of his addiction, permitted the killing to occur. Defendant also attached investigative reports into the killing to his second postconviction petition. In second-stage proceedings on remand from this court, the amended petition included allegations that defendant was present at the scene of the murder but did not participate, that defendant complied with Harris's demand for fear he would be killed for failure to comply, and that defendant's trial counsel was ineffective because Lowe hired counsel and counsel's main objective was to deflect responsibility for the murder away from Lowe. The petition stated that Lowe is now deceased. The amended petition had attached affidavits from Collier, Tadlock, Harris, and another witness, Walter Fields. Collier and Fields averred they were present when the murder occurred and that defendant was not involved. Harris averred defendant was not involved in the murder, but that the members of the gang decided defendant had to take responsibility to mollify officials at Stateville. Harris informed defendant of the gang's decision and assured him it would provide him with an attorney. Tadlock averred that Lowe was the leader of the Gangster Disciples in Stateville. The gang "ran drugs, prostitution and the rental of movies in Stateville." Tadlock stated that the inmates had too much freedom, including access to weapons and the ability to leave their cells, and that a lack of staff made controlling the inmates difficult. Defendant also filed his own affidavit averring that Lowe monitored his trial and directed him to plead guilty. The State moved to dismiss defendant's second amended postconviction petition as untimely, without merit, and barred by defendant's guilty plea. In September 2008 the circuit court of Will County held a hearing on the State's motion to dismiss. Following the hearing, the circuit court entered an order granting the State's motion to dismiss defendant's second amended -4-

postconviction petition. This appeal followed. ANALYSIS Defendant filed his original pro se postconviction petition in October 2002. It has been reviewed multiple times by the circuit court of Will County and by this court over the last eight years. Despite extremely troubling procedural irregularities, delineated by the special concurrence, which could provide a valid basis to reverse the trial court's order and remand for still further second-stage proceedings, we take note of the length of time this matter has gone unresolved, the fact the neither party to this appeal has raised the procedural flaws, and the retirement of the trial judge and choose instead to decide it on its merits. The deadline for defendant to file a petition for postconviction relief under the PostConviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (West 2000)) was December 21, 1996. Defendant did not file his petition until July 23, 2003. Therefore, the State argues, defendant's petition is untimely. However, the Act also provides: "No proceedings under this Article shall be commenced more than *** 3 years from the date of conviction *** unless the petitioner alleges facts showing that the delay was not due to his or her culpable negligence." 725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (West 2000). Defendant argues that his delay in filing was not due to his culpable negligence, that his petition raises a claim of actual innocence based on newly discovered evidence, and that "[n]ewly-discovered evidence of actual innocence is one situation in which a petition's late filing is not due to the petitioner's culpable negligence." The court has determined: " `Culpable negligence,' as used in the Act, `contemplates -5-

something greater than ordinary negligence and is akin to recklessness.' [Citation.] *** `[T]he definition gives heft to the exception contained in section 122-1,' an exception that has been historically viewed as a special safety valve in the Act. [Citation.] The definition also comports with the long-held view that the Act in general must be liberally construed to afford an opportunity to present questions of deprivation of constitutional rights." People v. Marino, 397 Ill. App. 3d 1030, 1033, 927 N.E.2d 75, 78-79 (2010).

The State argues that defendant cannot demonstrate factually that the delay in bringing the claim was not due to his culpable negligence. The State asks us to reject defendant's argument that, as a matter of law, a delay in raising a postconviction claim of actual innocence cannot result from the defendant's culpable negligence, and to reject his excuse that he failed to come forward sooner with his claim of innocence because he was under threat. The State points out that the petition fails to allege when Lowe died and how his death removes the threat to defendant. As to the delay in obtaining the evidence in support of his claim, the State notes that defendant's affidavits do not state that the witnesses were unwilling to testify as a result of threats or for any other reason. Rather, the State argues, defendant implicitly admitted that the delay in obtaining the evidence was not due to threats when he implied that the affiants were previously unavailable without stating why. We find that the delay in filing the petition was not due to defendant's culpable -6-

negligence. First, the petition alleges that Lowe died after the deadline for filing the petition had passed. Therefore, the petition contains sufficient allegations to find that the delay in filing the petition was not due to culpable negligence, but due to the continued presence of the very coercive force that caused defendant to plead guilty. Second, the petition alleges that defendant's witnesses were previously unwilling to testify and asserts that the witnesses who averred that defendant was not involved in the murder are only now willing to come forward because gangs no longer control the prison. We must accept the allegations in the petition as true at this stage of the proceedings. People v. Molina, 379 Ill. App. 3d 91, 93-94, 882 N.E.2d 1212, 1216 (2008) ("As the State in this case moved for dismissal, the trial court was required to rule on the legal sufficiency of the allegations contained in the petition, taking all well-pleaded facts as true"). Accordingly we must find that the delay in claiming that his plea was coerced, and thus involuntary, and the delay in the discovery of the new evidence of innocence--the averments of the witnesses--was not caused by defendant's culpable negligence. Next, the State argues that when a defendant has pled guilty, he may not simply claim actual innocence of the offense in postconviction proceedings. The State cites People v. Jones, 399 Ill. App. 3d 341, 364, 927 N.E.2d 710, 729 (2010), for the proposition that "[a]n unbroken line of precedent holds that evidence is not newly discovered when it presents facts already known to a defendant at or prior to trial, though the source of those facts may have been unknown, unavailable or uncooperative. People v. Coleman, 381 Ill. App. 3d 561, 568, 886 N.E.2d 534, 541 (2008); People v. Barnslater, 373 Ill. App. 3d 512, 523, 869 N.E.2d 293, 303 (2007)." -7-

Nonetheless the State concedes that a freestanding claim of actual innocence is cognizable in postconviction proceedings following a conviction resulting from a guilty plea when the defendant can show the plea was not knowing or was not voluntary. Barnslater, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 527, 869 N.E.2d at 306 ("If a defendant claims that his guilty plea was coerced, then that coercion provides the necessary constitutional deprivation for which postconviction relief would be appropriate, but not where he claims actual innocence in the face of a prior, constitutionally valid confession of guilt"); People v. Simmons, 388 Ill. App. 3d 599, 614, 903 N.E.2d 437, 452 (2009) (expressing no more than "doubt as to whether a defendant who pleads guilty may even legitimately assert a postconviction claim of `actual innocence' "). The State claims, however, that defendant's amended petition does not raise an independent claim that his guilty plea was coerced and thus involuntary. Defendant's only claim is of actual innocence. Defendant responds his petition does not abandon his claim that his guilty plea was involuntary. Defendant argues that Barnslater and Simmons support his request for an evidentiary hearing in that both Barnslater and Simmons agree that a defendant who pled guilty may seek to withdraw the plea in postconviction proceedings with a showing that the plea was coerced and, therefore, involuntary. We agree that defendant did not abandon his discrete claim that his guilty plea was involuntary. Despite the fact that the petition states that "[t]his petition alleges that petitioner was actually innocent of the charges against him," it also states that "[p]etitioner accepted the plea bargain *** even though he was not responsible for the killing" because "he was afraid of what Lowe and other gang members would do to him if he did not take responsibility for the murder." The Barnslater court addressed the "defendant's renewed attempt to vacate his guilty -8-

plea" (Barnslater, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 529, 869 N.E.2d at 308), because the defendant in Barnslater claimed his guilty plea was coerced. Similarly, here, defendant's claims raise the allegation that his guilty plea was coerced. In addition to defendant's claim that his guilty plea was coerced, defendant claims that he is actually innocent of the offense. "To obtain relief under a claim of actual innocence, however, the evidence adduced by the defendant must first be `newly discovered,' i.e., it must be evidence that was not available at the defendant's original trial and that the defendant could not have discovered sooner through diligence." People v. Jarrett, 399 Ill. App. 3d 715, 723, 927 N.E.2d 754, 763 (2010). We reject the State's argument that defendant's affidavits do not qualify as "newly discovered evidence." Defendant's affidavits constitute "new evidence" within the meaning of postconviction proceedings. The State relies on Jones, in which the court recognized that our supreme court found that the affidavits of codefendants attesting that the defendant was not present when the victim was assaulted satisfied the requirement of being "newly discovered" notwithstanding defendant's awareness of the evidence before trial. Jones, 399 Ill. App. 3d at 365, 927 N.E.2d at 729, citing People v. Molstad, 101 Ill. 2d 128, 461 N.E.2d 398 (1984). But the Jones court found that Molstad turned on its particular facts. Therefore, Jones found the supreme court's decision factually distinguishable and thus not controlling in that case. Jones, 399 Ill. App. 3d at 365, 927 N.E.2d at 729, citing Molstad, 101 Ill 2d at 134, 461 N.E.2d at 401. We find that Molstad is factually similar to this case and is, therefore, controlling. The -9-

Jones court noted: "[I]n Molstad, the affidavits were presented after the codefendants had been found guilty, but prior to sentencing. Therefore, the affiants put themselves at risk because their own credibility could be a factor in the assessments of their ultimate penalty. [Citation.]" Jones, 399 Ill. App. 3d at 365, 927 N.E.2d at 729. In Molstad the court found that the affidavits constituted newly discovered evidence. Here, the allegations in the petition

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