People v. Marshall

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People v. Marshall

State: Illinois

Court: 3rd District Appellate

Docket No: 3-08-0825 Rel

Case Date: 07/08/2010

Preview:No. 3--08--0825 Filed July 8, 2010 IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS THIRD DISTRICT A.D., 2010 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EARL LEE MARSHALL, Defendant-Appellant. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of the 10th Judicial Circuit, Peoria County, Illinois No. 07--CF--678

Honorable Michael E. Brandt, Judge, Presiding.

JUSTICE SCHMIDT delivered the opinion of the court: Defendant, Earl Lee Marshall, pled guilty to first degree murder. The circuit court of Peoria County sentenced him to 33

years' imprisonment and ordered him to pay a DNA analysis fee of $200. This is defendant's direct appeal in which he claims the

order directing him to pay the $200 DNA fee should be vacated as the court was without authority to order him to submit a sample or pay the fee as his DNA was already on file. FACTS During the pendency of the case in the trial court, the State moved for an order directing defendant "to produce the buccal standard" for the purpose of DNA comparison analysis. A

hearing was held in which defense counsel informed the court that defendant's DNA was already on file with the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). The State reiterated its request for a buccal

sample and the court granted the State's motion. Thereafter, defendant pled guilty to the charge of first degree murder in exchange for a sentence cap of 33 years' imprisonment. Following a sentencing hearing, the trial court ulti-

mately sentenced defendant to that term of imprisonment and noted that there "is the judgment for costs and mandatory assessments of DNA fee and testing." The trial court's written sentencing

order directed defendant to pay the $200 DNA assessment fee. The day after the sentencing hearing, defendant filed a motion to withdraw guilty plea and a motion to reconsider sentence. The motion to withdraw his guilty plea alleged he was not

properly advised of his rights and did not knowingly and voluntarily plead guilty. Later that same day, defendant filed an

amended motion to reconsider that alleged his sentence was excessive as it was "the equivalent of a life sentence for the Defendant," the court erred in refusing to consider the mental history of the deceased and the court erred in refusing to admit defendant's exhibit. Before a hearing could take place on defendant's motions, he filed a supplemental motion to withdraw his guilty plea, alleging he admitted killing the victim "out of fear of reprisal against 2

him or his family" by the actual killer.

A hearing on defenThe trial court

dant's motions took place on October 9, 2008. denied the motions. Defendant appeals. ANALYSIS

The sole issue raised on appeal by defendant is whether the trial court properly ordered him to pay the $200 DNA analysis fee. Defendant argues that he can only be compelled to submit

one DNA sample for the purpose of the database maintained by the Illinois State Police. The record reflects that defendant was

previously incarcerated in the Department of Corrections in January of 2002 until November of 2002. He then returned to On October 16, 2003,

prison as a parole violator in August 2003.

defendant was discharged from mandatory supervised release. Section 5--4--3 of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) mandates that any person discharged from mandatory supervised release after August 22, 2002, submit a DNA sample prior to his or her final discharge or release. 2008). 730 ILCS 5/5--4--3 (West

As such, defendant argues there is evidence in the record

to support his attorney's argument to the court that his DNA was already on file with the Illinois State Police at the time he was ordered to provide a sample in this matter and, therefore, the trial court was without authority to order him to pay the $200 fee associated with the DNA processing. Defendant claims People

v. Evangelista, 393 Ill. App. 3d 395, 912 N.E.2d 1242 (2009), 3

supports his contention. The State responds by arguing that Evangelista was wrongly decided. The State notes that it wrongly confessed error in

Evangelista (Evangelista, 393 Ill. App. 3d at 399) leading the court to incorrectly decide the issue "based on no authority whatsoever." Moreover, the State claims defendant has waived this issue. Defendant failed to raise the issue in his motion to reconsider his sentence. Defendant acknowledges that generally a defendant

forfeits on appeal any sentencing issues that he did not raise in the circuit court. 584 (1997). People v. Reed, 177 Ill. 2d 389, 686 N.E.2d

Defendant claims, however, that the trial court was

without statutory authorization to levy the $200 fee against him and, as such, its order doing so is void and can be attacked at any time. A sentence not authorized by statute is void and can People v. Harris, 319 Ill. App. 3d 534, However, as explained below, we find that

be attacked at any time. 745 N.E.2d 717 (2001).

section 5--4--3 of the Unified Code did authorize the trial court to order defendant to pay the $200 fee. As such, the court's

order is not void, and we must honor defendant's procedural default. People v. Hillier, No. 108846 (June 4, 2010).

The issue raised by defendant is one of statutory interpretation, which is subject to de novo review. County of Du Page v.

Illinois Labor Relations Board, 231 Ill. 2d 593, 900 N.E.2d 1095 4

(2008).

When interpreting a statute, our primary objective is to County of Du Page,

give effect to the intent of the legislature. 231 Ill. 2d at 603-04.

The most reliable indicator of such

intent is the language of the statute itself, which is to be given its plain and ordinary meaning. Ill. 2d at 604. Section 5--4--3 of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5--4--3 (West 2008)) states that any person convicted of a qualifying offense is required to submit specimens of blood, saliva, or tissue to the Illinois State Police and "in addition to any other disposition, penalty, or fine imposed, shall pay an analysis fee of $200." 730 ILCS 5/5--4--3(j) (West 2008). Defendant does not County of Du Page, 231

dispute that first degree murder is a qualifying offense as contemplated by section 5--4--3 of the Unified Code. 5/5--4--3(a)(1)(West 2008). 730 ILCS

Moreover, defendant acknowledges

that subsection (j) uses mandatory language in noting that a defendant "shall" pay the fee. Defendant notes that in "light of

these statutory requirements, it is understandable that the circuit court would think to order Marshall to submit a DNA specimen and pay the $200 analysis fee." Nevertheless, defendant submits the court was without authority to order the fee, as doing so after defendant's DNA was already on file is outside the intent of the statute and would "serve no purpose." We disagree. 5

Nowhere in the statute did the legislature provide that a convicted felon should be excused from the statute's mandates if his DNA is already in the database, despite defendant's assertion that the language in the statute "indicates that a person's DNA should be collected only once." Acknowledging that it found "no

case directly on point," the Evangelista court went on to find that once "a defendant has submitted a DNA sample, requiring additional samples would serve no purpose." Ill. App. 3d at 399. Evangelista, 393

The State did not contest the issue in

Evangelista and the court came to this conclusion in one paragraph of analysis without discussing any language contained within the statute. Evangelista, 393 Ill. App. 3d at 399. A

review of the language of the statute itself contradicts both defendant's and the Evangelista court's conclusions. A subsection of the statute provides for the expungement of collected DNA from the database in instances of the reversal of a conviction or a pardon based upon successful claims of actual innocence. 730 ILCS 5/5--4--3(f-1) (West 2008). Taking defen-

dant's argument to its logical conclusion, defendant's interpretation of the statute would allow the following sequence of events to occur: (1) defendant is convicted of a qualifying offense; (2) DNA sample is collected; (3) same defendant is convicted of a second qualifying offense but no DNA is allowed to be collected or fee assessed as DNA is already on file; (4) 6

defendant's first conviction is reversed; (5) DNA sample is expunged pursuant to section 5--4--3(f-1) (730 ILCS 5/5--4--3(f1) (West 2008)); and, therefore, (6) defendant's DNA is not on file although he has a valid conviction for a qualifying offense. We do not believe this was the legislature's intent. The legislature chose the phrase "shall pay an analysis fee of $200" without consideration as to whether or not an offender's DNA was already on file. 730 ILCS 5/5--4--3(j)(West 2008).

Considering this language and the fact that the legislature put in place a process to expunge DNA from the database, we cannot agree with defendant's reading of the statute that a court lacks the authority to order a defendant to give DNA and pay the $200 analysis fee more than once. the extent it holds otherwise. find the order at issue void. was no forfeiture issue. agreed. We decline to follow Evangelista to We note that Evangelista did not In Evangelista, unlike here, there

The State conceded error and the court

Here, we find the issue forfeited. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Peoria County is affirmed. Affirmed. HOLDRIDGE, P.J., and O'BRIEN, J., concur.

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