People v. Myers
State: Illinois
Court: 3rd District Appellate
Docket No: 3-96-0495
Case Date: 10/10/1997
No. 3--96--0495
_________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
A.D., 1997
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of the 9th Judicial Circuit,
) Warren County, Illinois
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 93--CF--104
)
JERAMIE M. MYERS, ) Honorable
) James B. Stewart,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge Presiding
________________________________________________________________
PRESIDING JUSTICE LYTTON delivered the opinion of the court:
_________________________________________________________________
Defendant Jeramie M. Myers was convicted of aggravated arson
(720 ILCS 5/20--1.1 (West 1994)) and sentenced to a 24-year term
of imprisonment. The issues on review are whether the trial
court improperly considered statutory factors in aggravation in
imposing sentence, and whether the sentence was excessive. We
reverse and remand for a new sentencing hearing.
FACTS
At trial, defendant stipulated to the facts concerning his
participation in the 1993 arson of Term City, a rent-to-own
business in Monmouth, Illinois. Defendant was an employee of the
business, and his friend, Mark Skiles, was the manager. During
Skiles' tenure as manager, numerous thefts of cash and furniture
occurred. Defendant knew of Skiles' involvement in the thefts.
On March 5, 1993, Skiles offered defendant a VCR and proposed
that defendant torch the store to cover up the thefts. Defendant
agreed to the plan.
On the morning of March 6, defendant spread gasoline around
the store, lit the fire and left. At 6:14 a.m., the Monmouth
fire department responded. As Assistant Fire Chief Dennis Olson
attempted to open a door, the roof caved in and a wall collapsed
on him. Olson subsequently died from his injuries.
On March 8, defendant received a VCR from Skiles. On
November 16, he confessed to the arson. Defendant was charged
with murder and aggravated arson; however, the murder charge was
nolle prosequied upon defendant's agreement to testify against
Skiles and to await his own sentencing hearing until after Skiles
was sentenced. Based on the stipulated facts, the court found
defendant guilty of aggravated arson. Skiles was subsequently
convicted of murder and sentenced to 24 years in the Department
of Corrections.
At defendant's sentencing hearing, the court reviewed the
presentence investigation report, which disclosed that defendant
was 18 years old when he committed the offense; he had a ninth
grade education and no criminal record; and he had worked at Term
City delivering furniture and collecting late payments before the
fire. The court also heard testimony offered in mitigation and a
victim impact statement read by the victim's widow, Judy Olson.
Defendant exercised his right of allocution to express sympathy
for Mrs. Olson and to ask the court to impose the minimum
sentence. After receiving recommendations of counsel, the court
made findings and imposed sentence.
In mitigation, the court found that defendant did not
contemplate that his conduct would cause or threaten serious
physical harm to another; his conduct was induced by another; and
defendant had no history of criminal activity. 730 ILCS 5/5--5--
3.1(2),(5),(7) (West 1994). In aggravation, the court found that
defendant's conduct caused or threatened serious harm; he
received compensation for committing the offense; by the duties
of his office or position, he was obliged to prevent the offense
or bring offenders to justice; and a severe sentence was needed
to deter others from committing the same crime. 730 ILCS 5/5--5-
-3.2(a)(1),(2),(4),(7) (West 1994). Considering that Skiles had
received a 24-year prison term, the court stated that the same
sentence should be imposed for defendant. Defendant's motion to
reduce sentence was denied, and he appeals.
ANALYSIS
Initially, defendant claims that the trial court improperly
considered that his conduct caused or threatened serious harm.
Defendant argues that this factor is implicit in the offense of
aggravated arson, yet the court based its sentencing decision
"totally" on this factor. We do not agree.
Sound public policy dictates that a defendant's sentence be
varied in accordance with the particular circumstances of the
crime. People v. Saldivar, 113 Ill. 2d 256, 497 N.E.2d 1138
(1986). Certain criminal conduct may warrant a harsher penalty
than other conduct punishable under the same statute. Saldivar,
113 Ill. 2d 256, 497 N.E.2d 1138. Thus, a sentencing court may
consider the degree of harm caused by a certain aggravated arson,
even though injury and threat of harm are implicit in the
offense. People v. Goyer, 265 Ill. App. 3d 160, 638 N.E.2d 390
(1994).
In this case, the statutory charge of aggravated arson
required proof of property damage and injury to a fireman. 720
ILCS 5/20--1.1(a)(3) (West 1994). The collapse of a building and
fatal injuries to a fireman are neither elements of aggravated
arson nor dangers implicit in the offense. They are facts which
could be properly considered in imposing sentence. The court's
comments demonstrate that the court was aptly concerned about the
fact that Olson died from injuries he suffered fighting the fire,
not merely the fact that he was injured. Accordingly, we find
that the court properly considered the degree of harm caused by
this crime and not the harm or threat of harm implicit in the
elements of aggravated arson. See People v. Bone, 103 Ill. App.
3d 1066, 432 N.E.2d 329 (1982).
Defendant next claims that the court erred by considering
that he received compensation for committing the offense. Again,
we disagree. The record supports the court's finding that
defendant accepted a VCR as payment for setting the fire. See
People v. Conover, 84 Ill. 2d 400, 419 N.E.2d 906 (1981).
Defendant also contends that the trial court improperly
considered that he had a duty by his position as an employee not
to destroy his employer's property.
This factor in aggravation applies where "the defendant, by
the duties of his office or by his position, was obliged to
prevent the particular offense committed." 730 ILCS 5/5--5--
3.2(a)(4) (West 1994). We believe that the legislature did not
intend to apply this factor to a store employee hired merely to
deliver goods and collect accounts payable. The defendant's
obligation to prevent an offense based on his office or position
inherently requires some substantive indicia of responsibility on
his part. None exists here. Defendant had no managerial or
supervisory authority. Nor does it appear that he was assigned
duties to guard the business, prevent fires, report crimes or
otherwise provide security. Accordingly, the trial court should
not have considered defendant's position as an employee as a
factor in aggravation. See People v. Bosley, 197 Ill. App. 3d
215, 533 N.E.2d 1187 (1990); People v. Zemke, 159 Ill. App. 3d
624, 512 N.E.2d 374 (1987).
Finally, defendant argues that his 24-year sentence was
excessive because the three factors found by the court in
mitigation substantially outweighed the factors in aggravation.
He requests this court to reduce his sentence to six years.
Ordinarily, a trial court's sentencing decisions are
entitled to great weight and deference. People v. Perruquet, 68
Ill 2d 149, 368 N.E.2d 882 (1977). The determination of an
appropriate sentence is normally left to the sound discretion of
the trial court. People v. Streit, 142 Ill. 2d 13, 566 N.E.2d
1351 (1991). A trial judge is in a better position than an
appellate court to fashion an appropriate sentence. People v.
Streit, 142 Ill. 2d 13, 566 N.E.2d 1351 (1991).
Here, defendant was convicted of a Class X offense, for
which the sentencing range is 6 to 30 years' imprisonment (730
ILCS 5/5--8--1(a)(3) (West 1994)). Defendant's sentence was at
the high end of the range, notwithstanding the presence of
mitigating factors, including no history of criminality. In this
case, however, we do not know how the improper consideration of
defendant's employment influenced the court's decision.
Therefore, we vacate defendant's sentence and remand for a new
hearing pursuant to section 5--5--3(d) of the Unified Code of
Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5--5--3(d) (West 1994)). See Zemke, 159
Ill. App. 3d 624, 512 N.E.2d 374; Bone, 103 Ill. App. 3d 1066,
432 N.E.2d 329.
CONCLUSION
Defendant's sentence is vacated, and the cause is remanded
to the circuit court of Warren County for resentencing.
Reversed and remanded.
MICHELA, J., concurring.
HOLDRIDGE, J., dissenting.
JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE, dissenting:
I respectfully dissent from the majority's holding that the
trial court committed reversible error when it found that
defendant's violation of his fiduciary duty not to intentionally
torch his employer's property was an aggravating factor in
pronouncing sentence for the crime of aggravated arson.
The trial court considered defendant's violation of his duty
not to destroy his employer's property to be within the meaning
and intent of the statutory aggravating factor where "the
defendant, by the duties of his office or by his position, was
obligated to prevent the particular offense committed." (Emphasis
added.) 730 ILCS 5/5--5--3.2(a)(4) (Michie 1994). I simply
cannot agree with the majority's conclusion the trial court was
in error.
While the majority may be correct in stating that "the
defendant's obligation to prevent an offense based on his office
or position inherently requires some substantive indicia of
responsibility on his part," I cannot agree with its conclusion
that "none exists here." True, defendant had no managerial or
supervisory authority, nor was he required to provide security.
However, it is fundamental to the employer-employee relationship
(i.e. defendant's "position" vis-a -vie his employer) that an
employee not spread gasoline around the employer's store, light a
fire and leave. An employee has an absolute duty to his employer
to prevent his own misconduct. See, People v. Warwick, 123 Ill.
App. 3d 692, 697 (1984).
Indeed, it is well-settled that a special fiduciary
relationship exists on the part of an employee toward his
employer. There is no question that:
"[while] acting as an agent or employee of
another, one owes the duty of fidelity and
loyalty; accordingly, a fiduciary cannot act
inconsistently with his agency or trust; i.e.,
solicit his employer's customers for himself,
entice coworkers away from his employer, or
appropriate his employer's personal property."
ABC Trans National Transport, Inc. v. Aeronautics
Forwarders, Inc., 62 Ill. App. 3d 671, 683 (1978).
To that list of examples of breach of an employee's fiduciary
duty to his employer, I would add "burn down the employer's place
of business."
I also believe that People v. Bosley and People v. Zemke,
cited by the majority for the proposition that a trial court can
not consider a defendant's position as an employee as a factor in
aggravation, are distinguishable from the case at bar. In both
these cases the trial court considered the mere fact that the
defendant in a criminal sexual abuse case was a fireman or a
minister as coming within the gambit of the statutory section at
issue. The reviewing court, in each of those cases, correctly
noted that the defendants' crimes had no relationship to their
job duties. In the matter sub judice, however, there is a direct
link between the defendant's crime and his position as the arson
victim's employee. This link is sufficient, I believe, to permit
the trial court to consider the defendant's position as the
victim's employee as an aggravating factor when imposing
sentence. Assuming, arguendo, that the majority were correct
in finding that the defendant's status as the arson victim's
employee was not an aggravating factor under section 5--3.2(a)(4)
of the statute, the trial court still could consider the
defendant's breach of his duty to his employer as an aggravating
factor when passing sentence. It is well-settled that a trial
court is not limited to considering only the statutory
aggravating factors and may consider any fact which would tend to
aggravate the offense. People v. Helm, 282 Ill. App. 3d 32, 34
(1996). Indeed, a trial court may consider nonstatutory factors
as aggravating factors in determining whether to impose a more
severe sentence. Even though the legislature has decided to
enumerate certain factors that are to be given weight, that
enumeration is not exclusive. People v. Irby, 237 Ill. App. 3d
38, 70 (1992). Therefore, even if the trial court's
consideration of the defendant's position was not a factor
contemplated by the legislature in enumerating certain
aggravating factors, there has been no showing that the trial
court abused its discretion in considering that fact in
aggravation.
For the reasons discussed, I would uphold the trial court's
sentence and I therefore, respectfully, dissent.
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