Wilson v. M.G. Gulo & Associates, Inc.
State: Illinois
Court: 3rd District Appellate
Docket No: 3-97-0302
Case Date: 03/03/1998
No. 3--97--0302
_________________________________________________________________
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
A.D., 1997
CAROL WILSON, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) for the 13th Judicial Circuit,
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) LaSalle County, Illinois
)
v. )
) No. 95--L--23
M.G. GULO & ASSOCIATES, INC., )
a professional corporation, )
and MICHAEL F. GULO, ) Honorable
) James J. Wimbiscus
Defendants-Appellees. ) Judge, Presiding
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BRESLIN delivered the opinion of the court:
_________________________________________________________________
At issue in this appeal is whether the doctrine of res
judicata precludes a legal malpractice action when the action was
filed after the defendant attorneys litigated a petition for fees
in the underlying case. The defendants, M.G. Gulo & Associates,
Inc. and Michael Gulo (defendants), contend that the issues raised
in both the petition for fees and the subsequent malpractice claim
are identical, thus the trial court correctly applied the res
judicata doctrine to bar the subsequent action. Based on the facts
of this case, we disagree. We hold that the issues raised by
plaintiff Carol Wilson in her legal malpractice action are not
barred by the doctrine of res judicata. Accordingly, we reverse.
FACTS
Wilson engaged the defendants to represent her in a divorce
proceeding against her husband. Following the entry of the
judgment for dissolution, Wilson refused to pay the defendants for
their services. Consequently, the defendants filed a petition for
fees. Wilson did not file an answer or raise any affirmative
defenses in response to the petition.
During the fee petition hearing, Wilson only contested the
number of hours billed by the defendants. She supported her
position by introducing her own records of the number of hours the
defendants worked on her case. However, during cross-examination
of defendant Michael Gulo, Wilson tried to introduce an independent
pension appraisal to demonstrate the defendants' failure to
competently assess the value of her husband's pension. Upon
Wilson's reference to the defendants' misevaluation, the court
stated:
"[Y]ou are not objecting to the hourly rate. The
question is then did he spend the hours. Now I don't see
what relevance this has to do with whether he spent the
hours ***, the expertise of the attorney doesn't go
toward the number of hours he's entitled to bill for but
rather goes to the hourly rate."
The court found that the pension records were irrelevant and
sustained the defendants' objection. At the conclusion of the
hearing, the court ordered Wilson to pay the defendants, but
reduced the amount of fees recoverable to reflect the number of
hours the defendants actually worked on Wilson's case.
A year and a half later, Wilson instituted a legal malpractice
proceeding against the defendants, claiming negligent
representation in the underlying dissolution action. Relying on
Bennett v. Gordon, 282 Ill. App. 3d 378, 668 N.E.2d 109 (1996), the
trial court declared the suit barred under the doctrine of res
judicata and granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment.
Wilson appeals.
DISCUSSION
The sole issue on appeal is whether the legal malpractice
action is barred by the judgment on the petition for fees rendered
in the underlying divorce proceeding.
Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment on the
merits by a court of competent jurisdiction is conclusive as to the
rights of the parties involved and their privies and constitutes an
absolute bar to subsequent actions brought by the same parties or
their privies concerning the same claims or demands. People ex rel.
Burris v. Progressive Land Developers, Inc., 151 Ill. 2d 285, 602
N.E.2d 820 (1992). The essential elements of res judicata are: (1)
a final judgment on the merits rendered by a court of competent
jurisdiction; (2) an identity of causes of action; and (3) an
identity of parties or their privies. Progressive Land Developers,
Inc., 151 Ill. 2d 285, 602 N.E.2d 820.
Illinois courts have adopted two separate tests to determine
whether a cause of action is the same for purposes of res judicata.
Under the first test, res judicata bars a second suit if the
evidence necessary to sustain that suit is the same evidence
required to sustain the first suit. This is called the "same
evidence" test. Rodgers v. St. Mary's Hospital of Decatur, 149 Ill.
2d 302, 597 N.E.2d 616 (1992). The second test, the
"transactional" test, considers whether both suits arise out of the
same transaction, incident, or factual situation. Pfeiffer v.
William Wrigley Jr. Co., 139 Ill. App. 3d 320, 484 N.E.2d 1187
(1985). This test provides that if a single core of operative
facts give rise to both actions, the second action is barred under
the principles of res judicata. Rodgers, 149 Ill. 2d at 312, 597
N.E.2d at 621.
The doctrine of res judicata extends not only to those claims
fully litigated in the first proceeding, but also to those issues
that could have been raised or decided. LaSalle National Bank v.
Board of School Trustees, 61 Ill. 2d 524, 337 N.E.2d 19 (1975).
However, there are no compulsory counterclaims in Illinois. 735
ILCS 5/2--608(a)(West 1996); Bennett v. Gordon, 282 Ill. App. 3d
378, 668 N.E.2d 109 (1996); Torcasso v. Standard Outdoor Sales,
Inc., 232 Ill. App. 3d 500, 503, 597 N.E.2d 772, 775 (1992).
Section 2--608 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that a
defendant seeking judgment against any party to a lawsuit may
assert a counterclaim (emphasis added). 735 ILCS 5/2--608(a)(West
1996). This court's review of an order granting summary judgment
is de novo. Andrews v. Cramer, 256 Ill. App. 3d 766, 629 N.E. 2d
133 (1993).
Wilson's primary contention is that the cause of action on the
prior petition for fees is not the same cause of action as the
present case alleging legal malpractice and, as a consequence, the
doctrine of res judicata is inapplicable. In the alternative,
Wilson contends that the individual parties in both cases are not
identical, further thwarting the application of the doctrine.
As to Wilson's first contention, we agree. After a careful
review of the record, we find that the negligent representation
cause of action was not raised in the petition for fees hearing.
The negligence claim, although perhaps ambiguously referenced in
the first proceeding, could not have been fully litigated because
the issue of a reasonable hourly rate was uncontested. Because it
was uncontested the trial court expressly excluded any evidence
relating to the defendants' competency. Hence, the defendants'
argument that Wilson could have raised the negligence claim in the
fee petition fails.
Furthermore, we see no reason to choose between the "same
evidence" approach or the "transactional" approach because both
reveal that the doctrine of res judicata does not bar the present
action. Under the "same evidence" test, the issue in the first
cause of action was whether the defendants charged Wilson for the
actual number of hours they devoted to her dissolution proceeding.
To prove this, Wilson introduced her own time records. To sustain
a cause of action in a malpractice cause of action, however, Wilson
must show that the defendants' owed her a duty to competently
represent her, that they breached that duty, that the breach was
the proximate cause of her injuries and that she suffered damages
as a result of that breach. See Zych v. Jones, 84 Ill. App. 3d 647,
406 N.E.2d 70 (1980). These elements cannot be satisfied by
evidence Wilson proffered in the prior petition for fees. Thus,
the "same evidence" test is not satisfied.
Turning to the "transactional" theory, the record demonstrates
that the petition for fees was brought by the defendants after
Wilson refused to pay her attorney fees. The legal malpractice
action initiated by Wilson was based on the defendants' failure to
conduct a thorough discovery of her husband's assets. While both
actions involved the representation of Wilson in her divorce
proceeding, they stemmed from different conduct and thus do not
relate to the same transaction. Therefore, Wilson's malpractice
proceeding is not barred under the doctrine of res judicata.
Finally, we note that the trial court's reliance on Bennett v.
Gordon, 282 Ill. App. 3d 378, 668 N.E.2d 109 (1996), was improper.
In Bennett, the plaintiff raised a number of affirmative defenses
in her answer to the defendants' fee petition. She claimed that
the defendants' representation was inadequate, that they conducted
insufficient discovery and that they failed to force her husband to
comply with discovery orders. In the malpractice action, she
asserted that the defendants failed to properly assess her
husband's assets by neglecting to depose him. The court held that
because the issues raised in the legal malpractice suit were the
identical issues she asserted in her affirmative defenses in the
first proceeding, the subsequent malpractice action was barred by
the doctrine of res judicata. Furthermore, the court recognized
that by asserting her defenses, Bennett voluntarily introduced the
same facts and evidence necessary to sustain the second cause of
action. Thus, the requirements under the doctrine of res judicata
were met and the malpractice suit was dismissed. Bennett, 282 Ill.
App. 3d at 385, 668 N.E.2d at 114.
Although both cases involved a petition for fees proceeding
followed by a legal malpractice action, the present case is clearly
distinguishable from Bennett. Unlike Bennett, Wilson did not
answer, raise any counterclaims or assert any affirmative defenses
in response to the defendants' petition. Accordingly, Wilson's
suit is not barred by the doctrine of res judicata and the trial
court erred in granting summary judgment.
Our resolution of Wilson's first contention makes it
unnecessary to consider her alternative contention regarding
dissimilar parties.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court
of LaSalle County is reversed.
Reversed.
SLATER, J., concur.
HOLDRIDGE, J., dissenting.
JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE, dissenting:
I respectfully dissent. As the majority points out, the
doctrine of res judicata extends not only to those claims that are
fully litigated in the first proceeding, but also to those issues
that could have been decided or litigated. LaSalle National Bank
v. Board of School Trustees, 61 Ill. App. 3d 524 (1975). Because
I believe that the claim of professional malpractice could have
been raised as a defense to Gulo's claim for fees, I would affirm
the trial court.
Professional negligence (malpractice) is a defense to a claim
for attorney fees. See, Bennett v. Gordon, 282 Ill. App. 3d 378
(1996). Thus, Wilson could have raised malpractice as a defense to
Gulo's fee petition. If Gulo's lack of competent representation
could have been raised as a defense to the fee petition, a final
judgment in the fee litigation precludes Wilson from raising the
issue of competency in subsequent litigation. LaSalle National
Bank, 61 Ill. App. 3d at 526.
I must disagree with the majority's conclusion that the trial
court precluded Wilson from raising negligence claims at the
hearing on the fee petition. The record indicates that Wilson
attempted to raise the issue, but her evidence was ruled
inadmissible based upon a hearsay objection. Thus, Wilson could
have raised competency as a defense, but her evidence was ruled
inadmissible.
I would hold that the trial court was correct in holding that
Bennett v. Gordon would control, and I would affirm the holding of
the trial court.
Illinois Law
Illinois State Laws
Illinois Tax
Illinois Court
Illinois Labor Laws
> Minimum Wage in Illinois
Illinois Agencies