McMahan v. Industrial Comm'n
State: Illinois
Court: 4th District Appellate
Docket No: 4-96-0272WC
Case Date: 06/06/1997
NO. 4-96-0272WC
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
Industrial Commission Division
ROBERT McMAHAN, ) Appeal from
Appellant, ) Circuit Court of
v. ) Sangamon County
THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION et al. ) No. 94MR375
(Farmer's Elevator, Appellee). )
) Honorable
) Donald M. Cadagin,
) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE RARICK delivered the opinion of the court:
Claimant, Robert McMahan, sought benefits pursuant to
the Workers' Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West
1992)) for injuries to his back allegedly sustained on May 20,
1992, while in the employ of Farmer's Elevator (employer). The
arbitrator awarded claimant 13 6/7 weeks of temporary total
disability (TTD), medical expenses, attorney fees under section
16 of the Act and penalties under sections 19(l) and (k) of the
Act. 820 ILCS 305/16, 19(l),(k) (West 1992). On review, the
Industrial Commission (Commission) modified the amount of medical
expenses awarded by the arbitrator and eliminated the award of
attorney fees and section 19(k) penalties. The circuit court of
Sangamon County confirmed the decision of the Commission.
Claimant appeals the failure to award attorney fees and section
19(k) penalties.
At the time of the accident, claimant, then age 36,
worked as a laborer doing such things as climbing, shoveling,
painting, and lifting at employer's grain elevator. Claimant
began working for employer full-time in March 1990 and, although
he had undergone back surgery in August 1985, experienced very
little difficulty with his back while working for employer.
Claimant admitted, however, he did periodically have mild left
leg pain and pain down his left foot but neither kept him from
working.
On May 20, 1992, claimant, while attempting to shut a
large gate at the elevator, slipped on some loose rock and fell
on his buttocks. He immediately felt a sharp pain in his left
buttock that went down his left leg to his knee. Because it was
the end of the day, claimant limped to his vehicle and went home.
The pain did not resolve itself, however, and claimant reported
the incident the next day to his supervisor, Jenny Colburn. At
the advice of his supervisor, claimant went to see a doctor about
his pain. The doctor gave claimant several prescription
medications, but the pain did not subside. Claimant continued to
work anyway, although he often had to lie on a couch with a
pillow under his legs after he got back home.
On July 15, claimant returned to his chiropractor
complaining of continued low-back pain on the left side. He also
sought treatment from Springfield Urgent Care (Urgent Care) at
the same time. X rays of the lumbar spine taken on August 25,
1992, at Urgent Care revealed narrowing at the L4-L5 interspace.
A computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan conducted on September
11 showed a mild posterior central bulging disc at L5-S1.
From September through October claimant underwent
physical therapy three times a week during his lunch hour. When
this too did not work, claimant was referred to a neurosurgeon.
Claimant first saw the neurosurgeon, Dr. Russell, in November and
was referred to Memorial Medical Center for epidural injections.
The injections proved unsuccessful. Dr. Russell then recommended
claimant undergo a lumbar myelogram. The myelogram revealed an
extradural defect at L4-L5 with some compression of the nerve
root sleeve. Claimant was next referred to an orthopedic
surgeon, Dr. Walter Baisier, who recommended surgery. Claimant
did not immediately schedule surgery because of his fear of
surgery and because it was harvest time, employer's busiest time
of the year. Surgery ultimately was performed in January 1994
when the pain had become intolerable. Dr. Baisier performed a
lumbar laminectomy and diskectomy at L4-L5 on the left. Dr.
Baisier opined that surgery was necessary to relieve claimant of
his symptoms and that claimant's condition was causally connected
to his fall of May 20, 1992. No other physician gave a contrary
opinion.
Jenny Colburn testified claimant informed her of his
accident on May 21, 1992. She faxed the information to the
superintendent who was in charge of workers' compensation claims.
The superintendent denied any knowledge of the accident until he
was contacted by employer's attorney in March 1994. Jenny
testified it was company policy to take care of small workers'
compensation claims internally and not submit accident reports on
such claims to the insurance company. The superintendent
confirmed this practice. By November 1992, Jenny realized
claimant's condition was more serious than first believed and at
that time completed an accident report that was forwarded to the
insurance carrier. The carrier informed her there was a problem
with coverage on the accident because employer had not complied
with its policy provisions and, as a result, refused to pay any
of claimant's medical bills. Jenny was also told not to pay any
more of claimant's bills internally. Claimant was forced to pay
those bills that he could on his own and to deal with collection
agencies and civil suits on the remainder.
Section 19(k) of the Act provides in relevant part that
a penalty may be imposed when there has been an unreasonable or
vexatious delay in payment of compensation or when proceedings
instituted by the employer are frivolous or for purposes of
delay. Boker v. Industrial Comm'n, 141 Ill. App. 3d 51, 56, 489
N.E.2d 913, 917 (1986). Section 19(l) of the Act similarly
provides for the imposition of a penalty when the employer
"without good and just cause" fails to pay or delays payment of
TTD payments. Boker, 141 Ill. App. 3d at 56, 489 N.E.2d at 917.
Section 16 provides, in relevant part, that attorney fees may be
awarded when the employer has engaged in unreasonable or
vexatious delay, intentional underpayment, or frivolous defenses
under section 19(k). Boker, 141 Ill. App. 3d at 58, 489 N.E.2d
at 919. The intent of these sections is to implement the Act's
purpose to expedite the compensation of industrially injured
workers and penalize an employer who unreasonably, or in bad
faith, delays or withholds compensation due an employee.
Continental Distributing Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 98 Ill. 2d
407, 414, 456 N.E.2d 847, 850 (1983); Avon Products, Inc. v.
Industrial Comm'n, 82 Ill. 2d 297, 301, 412 N.E.2d 468, 470
(1980). Penalties for delayed payment are not intended to
inhibit contests of liability or appeals by employers who
honestly believe an employee is not entitled to compensation;
they are intended to promote the prompt payment of compensation
where due and to deter those occasional employers or insurance
carriers who might withhold payment from other than legitimate
motives. Avon Products, 82 Ill. 2d at 301-02, 412 N.E.2d at 470.
When a delay in paying compensation has occurred, the
employer bears the burden of justifying the delay. Board of
Education v. Industrial Comm'n, 93 Ill. 2d 1, 9, 442 N.E.2d 861,
865 (1982); Smith v. Industrial Comm'n, 170 Ill. App. 3d 626,
632, 525 N.E.2d 81, 85 (1988). Whether the employer's conduct
justifies the imposition of penalties is to be considered in
terms of reasonableness and is a factual question for the
Commission. Avon Products, 82 Ill. 2d at 302, 412 N.E.2d at 470;
Boker, 141 Ill. App. 3d at 57, 489 N.E.2d at 918. The
Commission's determination will not be disturbed on review unless
it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Board of
Education, 93 Ill. 2d at 11, 442 N.E.2d at 866; Miller v.
Industrial Comm'n, 255 Ill. App. 3d 974, 980, 627 N.E.2d 676, 680
(1993).
In this instance, the Commission found employer's
conduct in refusing to pay claimant compensation unreasonable and
without just cause. The evidence clearly supports this
conclusion. Claimant immediately notified employer of his work
accident. His supervisor sent him for medical care and initially
paid his bills out of the company account pursuant to company
policy. Employer was paying benefits until insurance coverage
became an issue. There was no valid defense to any issues of
accident, notice, or causation. Employer had no evidence,
medical or otherwise, that claimant's condition was not related
to his work accident of May 20, 1992, at the time it stopped
paying benefits. The only issue was insurance. Coverage
disputes such as this between an employer and its insurance
carrier are not a legitimate basis for nonpayment of compensation
to a claimant. Clearly claimant was entitled to an award under
section 19(l) of the Act, having shown that employer's conduct
was without just cause. The question is whether claimant was
also entitled to an award under sections 19(k) and 16 of the Act
for employer's unreasonable delay in payment of benefits. Two of
the commissioners determined a higher standard of unreasonable
and vexatious conduct was required to impose additional penalties
under section 19(k) and attorney fees under section 16 than
claimant showed here. The dissenting commissioner found
employer's entire handling of the case improper with its "conduct
alone creat[ing] the need for this litigation." The dissenting
commissioner accordingly concluded claimant was entitled to all
penalties awarded. Employer contends not only that the conduct
did not justify any additional penalties or attorney fees but
also such awards are impermissible in this instance under the
holding of Brinkmann v. Industrial Comm'n, 82 Ill. 2d 462, 413
N.E.2d 390 (1980), in that no award had been entered in favor of
claimant for which payment was unreasonably delayed. While it is
true that prior to the supreme court's decision in Board of
Education (93 Ill. 2d 1, 442 N.E.2d 861), penalties under section
19(k) and attorney fees could be assessed only after an award,
this apparently is no longer the case. The imposition of
penalties under section 19(k) is discretionary (see Smith, 170
Ill. App. 3d at 632, 525 N.E.2d at 85) and, here, the Commission
abused its discretion in reversing the award of such penalties.
First, the Commission applied a higher standard to justify the
denial of section 19(k) penalties, a standard that has no
statutory or apparent case history support. Second, as the
dissenting commissioner points out, the reason claimant was not
paid was because of employer's own actions in delaying reporting
the incident to the insurance company and whatever reasons it now
offers to explain its failure to pay compensation came after the
fact. Employer's conduct alone created the need for this
litigation and as such justifies the award of additional
penalties under section 19(k) as well as attorney fees.
Accordingly, the decision of the Commission denying
penalties under section 19(k) and attorney fees under section 16
is reversed and that portion of the arbitrator's decision
awarding such penalties and fees is reinstated.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part; arbitrator's
decision reinstated in part.
RAKOWSKI, COLWELL, and HOLDRIDGE, JJ., concur.
McCULLOUGH, P.J., dissents. PRESIDING JUSTICE McCULLOUGH, dissenting:
I respectfully disagree that the court erred in denying
section 19(k) penalties and section 16 attorney fees.
Here the arbitrator awarded attorney fees and section
19(k) penalties. Section 19(k) of the Act states that only "the
Commission may award compensation additional to that otherwise
payable" under the Act. 820 ILCS 305/19(k) (West 1992). The
arbitrator has no authority to award section 19(k) penalties.
In contrast to section 19(k) of the Act, which
restricts the imposition of penalties to the Commission, section
19(l) of the Act states the "arbitrator or the Commission" shall
allow additional compensation. (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS
305/19(l) (West 1992).
With respect to penalties, section 19(l) of the Act
provides for penalties with respect to payments "during the
period of [TTD]." 820 ILCS 305/19(l) (West 1992). Section
19(k) of the Act allows "the Commission" to award additional
compensation "equal to 50% of the amount payable at the time of
such award." (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS 305/19(k) (West 1992).
The Commission stated in its decision some six conten-
tions of the respondent as to penalties. The Commission stated
"the facts of this case do not support section 19(k) penalties or
section 16 attorney fees.
The parties agreed at oral argument that the
arbitrator's award was paid shortly after its entry. Reviewing
courts should be wary of interfering with Commission decisions.
In Board of Education, the Commission, not the arbitra-
tor, awarded section 19(k) penalties and section 16 attorney
fees. The supreme court stated, "We believe it wholly consistent
with Brinkmann, as that case was applied in McKay [Plating Co. v.
Industrial Comm'n, 91 Ill. 2d 198, 437 N.E.2d 617 (1982)], to
view the arbitrator's award entered on May 22, 1978, and the
employer's failure to comply with it as justification for the
penalties imposed under section 19(k), as well as the award of
attorney fees under section 16." Board of Education, 93 Ill. 2d
at 13, 442 N.E.2d at 867.
In McKay, the Commission awarded sections 19(l) and (k)
penalties and section 16 attorney fees. The McKay court said,
"Brinkmann requires only that there be an
award, not that it be in the amount which the
Commission ultimately finds to be due.
***
*** Whether the employer's conduct
justifies the imposition of penalties is to
be considered in terms of reasonableness and
is a factual question for the Commission.
Its decision is not to be disturbed unless
against the manifest weight of the evidence."
McKay, 91 Ill. 2d at 209, 437 N.E.2d at 622-
23.
In summary, there is no legal basis for the court to
adopt an arbitrator's award of sections 19(k) and 16 penalties.
The arbitrator has no authority to award these penalties. As
stated herein, section 19(k) of the Act states "the Commission
may award" (820 ILCS 305/19(k) (West 1992)) and section 19(l) of
the Act states "the arbitrator or the Commission shall allow"
(820 ILCS 305/19(l) (West 1992)).
Because the Commission determines section 19(k)
penalties and section 16 attorney fees, it is necessary to
address section 19(e) of the Act, which provides that "after
December 18, 1989, no additional evidence shall be introduced by
the parties before the Commission on review of the decision of
the Arbitrator." (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS 305/19(e) (West
1992). That section 19(e) prohibition does not apply in
requests for penalties. The restriction against additional
evidence is with respect to "review of the decision of the
Arbitrator." (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS 305/19(e) (West 1992).
As the arbitrator cannot award 19(k) penalties, the prohibition
against additional evidence is not applicable. The prayer for
penalties under 19(k) of the Act is not a "decision of the
Arbitrator." 820 ILCS 305/19(e) (West 1992).
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