People v. Brandon
State: Illinois
Court: 4th District Appellate
Docket No: 4-97-0053
Case Date: 03/03/1998
NO. 4-97-0053
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of
v. ) Vermilion County
BRYAN BRANDON, ) No. 92CF472
Defendant-Appellant. )
) Honorable
) John P. O'Rourke,
) Judge Presiding.
__________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE GREEN delivered the opinion of the court:
This case involves procedural questions relating to how
a defendant goes about having the appellate court review his
direct appeal after it has been dismissed due to his attorney's
failure to comply with appellate procedure.
Defendant was convicted of possession of less than 15
grams of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (720 ILCS
570/401(c)(2) (West 1992)) and possession of less than 15 grams
of a controlled substance (720 ILCS 570/402(c) (West 1992)). The
circuit court sentenced defendant to concurrent eight- and three-
year terms of imprisonment, respectively. Defendant, represented
by retained counsel, filed a notice of appeal. Nevertheless, on
August 31, 1994, this court dismissed the appeal when counsel
failed to file a brief and failed to respond to a rule to show
cause why the appeal should not be dismissed for that reason.
People v. Brandon, No. 4-94-0058 (August 31, 1994) (unpublished
order under Supreme Court Rule 23).
The proceedings in the instant case began on November
30, 1994, when defendant's retained counsel, the one who failed
to file a brief on the direct appeal, filed a postconviction
petition in the circuit court charging a discovery violation by
the State. On June 16, 1995, the circuit clerk sent defendant a
letter, in response to a letter from defendant that the clerk had
purportedly received the day before, explaining that the appeal
had been dismissed on August 31, 1994. On June 27, 1995, defen-
dant filed a pro se postconviction petition in the circuit court
alleging a denial of his right to effective assistance of counsel
in both the circuit and appellate courts. On April 25, 1996, the
public defender filed an amended postconviction petition assert-
ing defendant was denied his right to effective assistance of
counsel when his appeal was dismissed for failure of his counsel
to file a brief.
The circuit court held a hearing on the public defen-
der's postconviction petition and entered an order on May 28,
1996. The order recited the case history we have set forth and
found defendant was denied his right to effective assistance of
counsel on appeal when counsel failed to file a brief. The court
concluded that the best way to proceed was to direct the public
defender to request this court to proceed with the original
appeal. The circuit court then directed that it be done, and if
this court did not allow the request, the "matter should be
returned to [the circuit court] for further consideration."
Coincidentally, defendant's retained attorney was disbarred by
the Supreme Court of Illinois on the same day this order was
entered.
A request to this court to reinstate the appeal was
then made by motion filed under the original appeal docket number
on September 27, 1996, slightly more than two years after the
appeal was dismissed. This court denied that request on October
7, 1996, and the case was returned to the circuit court. On
November 18, 1996, defendant moved for the circuit court either
to acquit him or, in the alternative, grant him a new trial.
After a hearing, the circuit court entered an order January 13,
1997, denying all the requested relief. The court noted that no
showing had been made of the denial of any constitutional right
in the circuit court and the circuit court was not responsible
for the dismissal of the appeal. Defendant has filed a timely
notice of appeal from that order.
Defendant relies upon the supreme court's decision in
People v. Moore, 133 Ill. 2d 331, 549 N.E.2d 1257 (1990), for his
claim that he is entitled to direct appellate review of his
conviction even though his prior appeal has been dismissed. We
agree.
In Moore, a defendant's appeal was dismissed in July
1980 by the appellate court for want of prosecution. In Septem-
ber 1983, disciplinary proceedings were instituted against
defendant's attorney which culminated in his suspension from the
practice of law, due in part to his neglect of defendant's
appeal. Following the attorney's suspension, defendant filed a
motion to reinstate the appeal with the appellate court, which
was denied on September 27, 1988. The opinion does not indicate
when the motion to reinstate was filed, but the filing was
necessarily several years after the appeal was dismissed.
The supreme court granted defendant's petition for
leave to appeal from the appellate court order denying the motion
to reinstate. The record indicated that defendant, acting pro
se, had corresponded with the Administrative Office of the
Illinois Courts, which referred the matter to the Attorney
Registration and Disciplinary Commission (ARDC). The supreme
court concluded that defendant was an uneducated person and,
despite correspondence with ARDC, did not likely understand his
appeal had been dismissed until he contacted a new attorney and
was so advised in July 1988.
In Moore, the State contended that defendant's remedy
was the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch.
38, par. 122-1 et seq.), but the supreme court concluded that was
not the only avenue of relief available to defendant and that the
matter was properly before the supreme court. Citing Evitts v.
Lucey, 469 U.S. 387, 83 L. Ed. 2d 821, 105 S. Ct. 830 (1985), the
opinion concluded that a defendant in a criminal case cannot be
penalized for failure of his counsel to follow the required rules
for appeals. Moore, 133 Ill. 2d at 336, 549 N.E.2d at 1259, also
citing Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551, 557, 95 L. Ed. 2d
539, 547, 107 S. Ct. 1990, 1994 (1987).
The Moore court noted that often a postconviction
proceeding would be an appropriate way for a convicted defendant
to protect his right of appeal, which has been denied due to
counsel's failings, but "a court cannot deny a defendant an
attorney-assisted appeal by examining the record and determining
that defendant would not have succeeded on appeal in any event."
Moore, 133 Ill. 2d at 339, 549 N.E.2d at 1261. The case of
Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 86-88, 102 L. Ed. 2d 300, 312-14,
109 S. Ct. 346, 352-54 (1988), was cited for a rule that, in
cases of this nature, prejudice to the defendant is presumed from
the attorney's error and the "lack of damage to the defendant"
exception provided for in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
80 L. Ed. 2d 674, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984), cannot be used by the
State to bar a grant of relief to a defendant.
Following its analysis, the supreme court exercised its
supervisory authority. After finding "no reason to waste the
time and resources of an already overburdened circuit court by
requiring yet another circuit judge to rule on matter pertaining
to defendant's trial, only to have the matter ultimately return
to the appellate court on appeal from the circuit court's post-
conviction ruling," it directed that defendant's appeal be
reinstated in the appellate court. Moore, 133 Ill. 2d at 340,
549 N.E.2d at 1261.
Relying on Moore, defendant requests that his appeal be
reinstated. The State maintains, however, this court has been
without jurisdiction to proceed since 21 days after August 31,
1994, because the court lost jurisdiction of the matter when no
petition for rehearing was filed within that period as required
by Supreme Court Rule 367 (155 Ill. 2d R. 367), made applicable
to criminal appeals by Supreme Court Rule 612(p) (134 Ill. 2d R.
612(p)). See Woodson v. Chicago Board of Education, 154 Ill. 2d
391, 397, 609 N.E.2d 318, 320-21 (1993). The State recognizes
that, in Moore, more than 21 days elapsed between the dismissal
of the appeal by the appellate court and the defendant's request
to reinstate the appeal. The State maintains, however, the
supreme court could still order the appeal reinstated through the
use of its supervisory authority, which this court does not
possess. While that fact is undoubtedly true, although we note
defendant did not seek leave to appeal from our order denying his
motion to reinstate as was done in Moore, we need not resolve the
issue of whether we may unilaterally reinstate defendant's 1994
appeal. We have jurisdiction from the order denying
postconviction relief on the current appeal. Indisputably, the
question of a denial of the defendant's constitutional right to
effective assistance of counsel on review was before the circuit
court and we have jurisdiction to pass on the circuit court's
ruling thereon.
The circuit court struggled conscientiously with this
matter, which we recognize is not subject to clear procedural
precedent beyond the supreme court's exercise of supervisory
authority in Moore. The parties agree that the trial court
properly found defendant was denied the effective assistance of
counsel when his appeal was dismissed due to defense counsel's
failure to file an appellate brief. Given the supreme court's
admonition in Moore that "a post-conviction proceeding can, and
should, be utilized in certain circumstances as a remedy for a
lost right of appeal" (Moore, 133 Ill. 2d at 339, 549 N.E.2d at
1261), we conclude determination as to the nature of relief to be
granted is not easy. We understand the frustration of the
circuit court in trying to fashion the relief to be granted. One
possible method might have been to order us to reinstate the
appeal. That would have required a lower court to direct a
higher court to take certain action. We have been unable to find
any precedent for such procedure, and we can understand why the
circuit court would have been reluctant to try such a procedure.
In any event, no such drastic procedure is necessary here.
The circuit court's direction to defense counsel to ask
this court to reinstate the appeal was borne of the lack of
certainty as to the procedure to be followed. We now decide that
rather than having defense counsel ask this court to reinstate
the appeal, the circuit court should have directed that a new
notice of appeal be filed in that court from the original judg-
ment in the criminal case.
Accordingly, we vacate the circuit court's order on
appeal denying the postconviction petition and remand to that
court with directions to order defendant to file a new notice of
appeal in the criminal case. We will treat that notice of appeal
as a timely notice of appeal in the criminal case and process it
accordingly. The circuit court should also take whatever steps
may be necessary on appeal in regard to counsel. We so order.
Vacated and remanded with directions.
COOK and McCULLOUGH, JJ., concur.
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