People v. Wynn
State: Illinois
Court: 4th District Appellate
Docket No: 4-97-0926
Case Date: 06/01/1998
NOS. 4-97-0926, 4-97-0927, 4-97-1051, 4-97-1052, 4-97-1053 cons.
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Circuit Court of
v. (No. 4-97-0926) ) Vermilion County
KEVIN DEON WYNN, ) No. 97CM209
Defendant-Appellee. )
----------------------------------------)
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, )
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
v. (No. 4-97-0927) ) No. 97CM211
BRIAN J. BLUE, )
Defendant-Appellee. )
----------------------------------------)
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, )
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
v. (No. 4-97-1051) ) No. 97CM176
ROSIE GOUARD, )
Defendant-Appellee. )
----------------------------------------)
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, )
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
v. (No. 4-97-1052) ) No. 97CM227
JASON ALLEN BOGGESS, )
Defendant-Appellee. )
----------------------------------------)
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) No. 97CM226
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
v. (No. 4-97-1053) ) Honorable
BRIAN M. CORNETT, ) Gordon R. Stipp,
Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge Presiding.
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE STEIGMANN delivered the opinion of the court:
These consolidated appeals involve five defendants,
Brian Cornett, Kevin Wynn, Brian Blue, Rosie Gouard, and Jason
Boggess, and their motions to dismiss the charges against them
based upon alleged violations of section 103-5(b) of the Code of
Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725 ILCS 5/103-5(b) (West
1996)) (a provision of the statute, commonly referred to as the
Speedy Trial Act, that requires the trial of a defendant released
from custody on bail or recognizance within 160 days of the
defendant's demand for trial). The pertinent facts of each
defendant's case are essentially the same. The trial court
granted each defendant's motion to dismiss, and the State ap-
peals. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Case No. 4-97-1053
In March 1997, the State charged defendant Cornett by
information with criminal trespass to real property (720 ILCS
5/21-3(a) (West 1996)). At defendant's March 1997 arraignment,
the trial court, Judge Borbely, set a pretrial hearing for June
3, 1997, and defendant's trial for October 27, 1997. The court
also released defendant on bail. On March 26, 1997, defendant
filed a speedy trial demand pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the
Code.
In an April 11, 1997, memorandum letter, Judge Borbely
informed the prosecutor and defense counsel of the judge's
upcoming "Vacation and Scheduling." That letter stated, in
pertinent part, as follows:
"Based on Andy's school schedule, I am
now able to give you a few more of my vaca-
tion dates as follows:
* * *
5. June 3, 1997. Pre-trials
scheduled for the morning can be
continued to the trial date for
each case. There are no hearings
scheduled for the afternoon.
* * *
I would further suggest that notice of
the foregoing be handled as follows:
* * *
b) State to send notice regarding
pre-trials which are continued from
May 13, May 14, June 2, June 3, and
June 4."
On June 3, 1997, the prosecutor showed up for the
pretrial proceeding; however, neither Judge Borbely, defense
counsel, nor defendant appeared. On October 24, 1997, defendant
filed a motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to section 103-
5(b) of the Code, alleging that the State had not brought him to
trial within 160 days from the date he filed his speedy trial
demand (March 26, 1997).
At the November 1997 hearing on that motion, defense
counsel argued, in part, that the delay could not be attributed
to defendant because the June 3, 1997, pretrial hearing could not
"be called without a [j]udge." After considering counsel's argu-
ments, Judge Stipp, the trial judge conducting the hearing on the
motion, found that (1) no delay was attributable to defendant;
and (2) 215 days had elapsed between March 26, 1997, and his
October 27, 1997, trial date. Judge Stipp thus granted
defendant's motion to dismiss.
B. Case No. 4-97-0926
In March 1997, the State charged defendant Wynn by
information with criminal trespass to real property and criminal
damage to property (720 ILCS 5/21-3, 21-1(1)(a) (West 1996)). At
defendant's March 1997 arraignment, Judge Borbely set a pretrial
hearing for June 3, 1997, and defendant's trial for September 26,
1997. The judge also released defendant on bail.
On March 19, 1997, defendant filed a speedy trial
demand pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the Code. In an April 11,
1997, memorandum letter, Judge Borbely informed the prosecutor
and defense counsel of the judge's upcoming vacation schedule (as
earlier set forth).
On June 3, 1997, the prosecutor and defendant showed up
for the pretrial proceeding; however, neither Judge Borbely nor
defense counsel appeared. On September 25, 1997, defendant filed
a motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to section 103-5(b) of
the Code, alleging that the State had not brought him to trial
within 160 days from the date he filed his speedy trial demand
(March 19, 1997).
At the hearing on the motion, the prosecutor argued
that the delay between June 3, 1997, and September 26, 1997,
should be attributed to defendant because defense counsel was
absent from the June 3, 1997, pretrial proceeding. Defense
counsel argued that the delay should not be attributed to defen-
dant because Judge Borbely was not present for that pretrial pro-
ceeding. After considering counsel's arguments, Judge Stipp
granted defendant's motion to dismiss.
C. Case No. 4-97-0927
In March 1997, the State charged defendant Blue by
information with two counts of domestic battery (720 ILCS 5/12-
3.2(a)(1), (a)(2) (West 1996)). At defendant's March 1997 ar-
raignment, Judge Borbely set a pretrial hearing for June 3, 1997,
and defendant's trial for September 26, 1997. The judge also re-
leased defendant on bail.
On March 19, 1997, defendant filed a speedy trial
demand pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the Code. In an April 11,
1997, memorandum letter, Judge Borbely informed the prosecutor
and defense counsel of the judge's upcoming vacation schedule (as
earlier set forth).
On June 3, 1997, the prosecutor and defendant showed up
for the pretrial proceeding; however, neither Judge Borbely nor
defense counsel appeared. On September 25, 1997, defendant filed
a motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to section 103-5(b) of
the Code, alleging that the State had not brought him to trial
within 160 days from the date he filed his speedy trial demand
(March 19, 1997).
At the hearing on the motion, the prosecutor argued
that the delay between June 3, 1997, and September 26, 1997,
should be attributed to defendant because defense counsel was
absent from the June 3, 1997, pretrial proceeding. Defense
counsel argued that the delay should not be attributed to him
because Judge Borbely was not present for that proceeding. After
considering counsel's arguments, Judge Stipp granted defendant's
motion to dismiss.
D. Case No. 4-97-1051
In March 1997, the State charged defendant Gouard by
information with theft (720 ILCS 5/16-1(a)(1)(A) (West 1996)).
At defendant's April 1997 arraignment, Judge Borbely set a
pretrial hearing for June 3, 1997, and defendant's trial for
October 31, 1997. The judge also released defendant on bail.
On April 11, 1997, defendant filed a speedy trial
demand pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the Code. In an April 11,
1997, memorandum letter, Judge Borbely informed the prosecutor
and defense counsel of the judge's upcoming vacation schedule (as
earlier set forth).
On June 3, 1997, the prosecutor and defendant showed up
for the pretrial proceeding; however, neither Judge Borbely nor
defense counsel appeared. On October 27, 1997, defendant filed a
motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the
Code, alleging that the State had not brought her to trial within
160 days from the date she filed her speedy trial demand (April
11, 1997).
At the November 1997 hearing on that motion, defense
counsel argued that she was not present on June 3, 1997, because
Judge Borbely had informed her and the prosecutor (by his April
11, 1997, letter) that he would not be available on that day.
The prosecutor argued that Judge Borbely's letter did not consti-
tute an order, but instead contained only suggestions to the
attorneys involved. The prosecutor thus argued that Judge
Borbely's prior order that the pretrial hearing take place on
June 3, 1997, remained in effect and--consistent with the Vermil-
ion County practice of holding "pretrials" regardless of whether
the trial judge is present--defense counsel's absence on June 3,
1997, constituted delay attributable to defendant. In particu-
lar, the prosecutor argued as follows regarding Judge Borbely's
absence on June 3, 1997, "Quite frankly, that doesn't matter.
Without a judge here, all that means is there's not going to be
an order presented by the [c]ourt or an agreement presented by
the [c]ourt." After considering counsel's arguments, Judge Stipp
found that (1) "no delays [were] attributable to the [d]efendant
because of the absence of Judge Borbely on June 3, 1997"; and (2)
203 days had elapsed between April 11, 1997, the date defendant
filed her speedy trial demand, and her October 31, 1997, trial
date.
E. Case No. 4-97-1052
In March 1997, the State charged defendant Boggess by
information with retail theft (720 ILCS 5/16A-3 (West 1996)). At
defendant's April 1997 arraignment, Judge Borbely set a pretrial
hearing for June 3, 1997, and defendant's trial for October 31,
1997. The judge also released defendant on bail.
On April 11, 1997, defendant filed a speedy trial
demand pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the Code. In an April 11,
1997, memorandum letter, Judge Borbely informed the prosecutor
and defense counsel of the judge's upcoming vacation schedule (as
earlier set forth).
On June 3, 1997, the prosecutor and defendant showed up
for the pretrial proceeding; however, neither Judge Borbely nor
defense counsel appeared. On October 27, 1997, defendant filed a
motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to section 103-5(b) of the
Code, alleging that the State had not brought him to trial within
160 days from the date he filed his speedy trial demand (April
11, 1997).
At the November 1997 hearing on that motion, Judge
Stipp granted the prosecutor's motion to adopt and incorporate
the State's argument and objection raised during the hearing on
defendant Gouard's motion to dismiss. Judge Stipp then adopted
and incorporated the court's findings and rulings in defendant
Gouard's case and granted defendant Boggess' motion to dismiss.
These appeals followed.
II. SPEEDY TRIAL ACT
The State argues that the trial court erred by granting
defendants' motions to dismiss based on violations of the Speedy
Trial Act. Specifically, the State contends that the delays here
were attributable to defendants because defense counsel in each
case was absent from the June 3, 1997, pretrial proceeding, and
"[t]he 'suggestions' in Judge Borbely's in-
formal extra-record memo did not excuse that
absence. They were not an order, they did
not supplant the order setting pretrial for
June 3, and the judge's presence is not re-
quired for pretrials in Vermilion County."
(Emphasis added.)
We disagree.
The Speedy Trial Act provides an enforcement mechanism
for violations of the constitutional right to a speedy trial.
See Ill. Const. 1970, art. I, 8; People v. Woolsey, 139 Ill. 2d
157, 165, 564 N.E.2d 764, 767 (1990); People v. Healy, 293 Ill.
App. 3d 684, 689, 688 N.E.2d 786, 789 (1997). That statute pro-
vides, in relevant part, as follows:
"(b) Every person on bail or recogni-
zance shall be tried by the court having
jurisdiction within 160 days from the date
defendant demands trial unless delay is occa-
sioned by the defendant ***.
* * *
(d) Every person not tried in accordance
with *** this [s]ection shall be discharged
from custody or released from the obligations
of his bail or recognizance." 725 ILCS
5/103-5(b), (d) (West 1996).
On a motion to dismiss for an alleged violation of
section 103-5 of the Code, the defendant bears the burden of
affirmatively establishing the violation. People v. Bowman, 138
Ill. 2d 131, 137, 561 N.E.2d 633, 636 (1990). The trial court's
determination as to who is responsible for a trial delay is enti-
tled to great deference, and a reviewing court should sustain it
absent a clear abuse of discretion. People v. McDonald, 168 Ill.
2d 420, 442, 660 N.E.2d 832, 841 (1995).
In the present case, no dispute exists that defendants
timely filed speedy trial demands pursuant to section 103-5(b) of
the Code (725 ILCS 5/103-5(b) (West 1996)). Nor does any dispute
exist that defendants were not tried within 160 days from the
dates they filed their speedy trial demands. Instead, the State
contends that the delay between the June 3, 1997, pretrial
proceeding and each defendant's trial date was attributable to
each defendant because defense counsel failed to appear at that
proceeding.
The problem with the State's contention is that the
June 3, 1997, "proceeding" in each case did not constitute a
judicial hearing in the first place. Although pretrial discus-
sions between the parties leading to a possible plea agreement
may be desirable, without the presence of the trial judge, such
discussions remain simply that and cannot constitute a judicial
hearing or proceeding--or whatever else the parties may choose to
call it.
Contrary to the State's claim, a judge's presence
during a criminal proceeding at the trial court level is not
optional. Thus, because the June 3, 1997, "proceeding" did not
constitute a judicial proceeding at all, the absence of defense
counsel from that "proceeding" was wholly irrelevant in allocat-
ing responsibility for the trial delays here. Accordingly, we
hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by grant-
ing defendants' motions to dismiss for violations of section 103-
5(b) of the Code.
In support of the rather unremarkable proposition that
a proceeding in which the trial judge does not appear is not a
judicial proceeding, we cite the recent decision of the Supreme
Court of Illinois in People v. Vargas, 174 Ill. 2d 355, 673
N.E.2d 1037 (1996). In Vargas, the supreme court addressed a
situation in which a trial judge left the courtroom during the
testimony of the final witness in a defendant's felony trial, and
the court held that a presiding trial judge's total absence from
the proceedings is per se reversible error because the judge's
presence is vital to the preservation of the integrity of the
justice system and the defendant's right to a fair trial. In so
holding, the supreme court reasoned, as follows:
"[B]ecause of the significant public and
private interests involved in a criminal jury
trial, a harmless error rule standard of
reviewing a judge's complete absence from the
bench is ill-advisable in felony cases. ***
In our view, only a rule which requires re-
versal when a judge totally absents himself
or herself from the proceedings will effec-
tively remove any incentive which might oth-
erwise exist for the judge to disregard the
significant interests involved in a criminal
trial." Vargas, 174 Ill. 2d at 371-72, 673
N.E.2d at 1045.
The State also contends that--assuming Judge Borbely's
April 11, 1997, letter constituted an order continuing the cases
--defense counsel in each case "concurred in the continuance" and
failed to take any affirmative action in response to Judge
Borbely's order, such as objecting or renewing the speedy trial
demand. We are unpersuaded.
Under section 103-5(b) of the Code, a delay is "occa-
sioned by" or attributable to the defendant when an affirmative
act by the defendant causes or contributes to the delay. People
v. Turner, 128 Ill. 2d 540, 550, 539 N.E.2d 1196, 1199 (1989).
An express agreement on the record to a continuance is an affir-
mative act attributable to the defendant. People v. Reimolds, 92
Ill. 2d 101, 106, 440 N.E.2d 872, 875 (1982). However, mere
acquiescence to a date suggested by the trial court is not an
affirmative act attributable to the defendant. People v. Beyah,
67 Ill. 2d 423, 428-29, 367 N.E.2d 1334, 1336-37 (1977); Healy,
293 Ill. App. 3d at 690, 688 N.E.2d at 790.
In Beyah, during defendant's bail hearing, the follow-
ing exchange took place:
"THE COURT: Motion for bond reduction
denied. Go ahead, pick a date.
MR. GOLDBERG [(Assistant State's Attor-
ney)]: I have got others [prior criminal
records to present].
THE COURT: I haven't got time. Pick a
date. We'll give him a trial. I can't talk
about bond. If you're innocent, you walk
out. If you're guilty, you go to jail.
MR. WALTERS [(Public Defender)]: Set it
down for three weeks from today.
THE COURT: How about October 18?
THE DEFENDANT: Can I get one earlier
than that?
THE COURT: I can't give you one earlier
than that. Motion Defendant, with subpoenas,
October 18." Beyah, 67 Ill. 2d at 426, 367
N.E.2d at 1335.
The trial court then scheduled the defendant's trial in three
weeks and charged the delay to the defendant.
On appeal, the supreme court noted that although the
record reflected that the trial court set the trial on the
defendant's motion, the court had initiated the delay. Beyah, 67
Ill. 2d at 426, 367 N.E.2d at 1335. The supreme court thus held
that the trial court could not order the defendant to pick a date
and then attribute the resulting delay to defendant. Beyah, 67
Ill. 2d at 428, 367 N.E.2d at 1336-37. In so holding, the
supreme court reasoned that attributing the delay to the defen-
dant would be "a mockery of justice" because "'the court, and the
court alone'" proposed the continuance even though the defendant
took advantage of the court's offer. Beyah, 67 Ill. 2d at 428-
29, 367 N.E.2d at 1336-37, quoting People v. Wyatt, 24 Ill. 2d
151, 154, 180 N.E.2d 478, 479 (1962).
Similarly in Healy, the prosecutor requested several
continuances over a period of five months to complete blood,
hair, and saliva analyses. In response to the trial court's
decisions to grant continuances to the prosecution, defense
counsel made certain statements, such as "Sure, Judge" and "Very
good, Judge." The court subsequently attributed delays resulting
from those continuances to the defendant and denied the
defendant's motion to dismiss. Healy, 293 Ill. App. 3d at 687-
89, 688 N.E.2d at 788-89.
On appeal, the court held that the delay was not
attributable to the defendant because defense counsel's state-
ments did not constitute express agreement to the continuances.
In so holding, the Healy court distinguished between cases in
which the defense expressly agreed to delays (see Turner, 128
Ill. 2d at 552, 539 N.E.2d at 1200 (record showed the defendant
personally concurred in setting a new trial date)) and those in
which defense counsel merely acquiesced in delays (see Beyah, 67
Ill. 2d at 428, 367 N.E.2d at 1336-37)). Healy, 293 Ill. App. 3d
at 693-94, 688 N.E.2d at 792. We agree with the appellate court
in Healy that a distinction should be drawn between mere acquies-
cence to delays and express agreement to delays, and we hold that
mere acquiescence to a date suggested by the trial court does not
constitute delay "occasioned by the defendant."
In this case, Judge Borbely's April 11, 1997, memoran-
dum letter (1) indicated that he would not be available for
pretrial hearings on June 3, 1997, and pretrial hearings sched-
uled for that day could be continued to the trial date in each
case; and (2) suggested that the State "send notice regarding
pre[]trials which are continued." In response to that letter,
defense counsel in each case did not show up for the June 3,
1997, proceeding. The records before us do not show any affir-
mative acts or agreements by defendants which contributed to the
delays. See Reimolds, 92 Ill. 2d at 107, 440 N.E.2d at 875.
Defense counsel's conduct here amounted to nothing more than
acquiescence in dates suggested by the trial court. Thus, we
hold that the court did not abuse its discretion by granting
defendants' motions to dismiss based on violations of section
103-5(b) of the Code.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court's
judgments.
Affirmed.
GARMAN, P.J., and COOK, J., concur.
Illinois Law
Illinois State Laws
Illinois Tax
Illinois Court
Illinois Labor Laws
> Minimum Wage in Illinois
Illinois Agencies