Coleman v. Heidke
State: Illinois
Court: 5th District Appellate
Docket No: 5-96-0336
Case Date: 08/18/1997
NO. 5-96-0336
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
_________________________________________________________________
STANLEY COLEMAN, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Madison County.
)
v. ) No. 92-LM-44
)
DR. WALTER HEIDKE, ) Honorable
) P.J. O'Neill,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE VIRGILIO delivered the opinion of the court:
The plaintiff, Stanley Coleman, filed this action against the
defendant, Dr. Walter B. Heidke, to enforce a promissory note Dr.
Heidke issued to Alice Price, now deceased. Stanley Coleman
obtained a one-half interest in the note following a will contest
that arose after the death of Alice Price.
Stanley Coleman moved for summary judgment on the grounds that
the Dead Man's Act (735 ILCS 5/8-201 (West 1996)) barred any
testimony dealing with the enforcement terms of the note. The
circuit court of Madison County granted the plaintiff's motion for
summary judgment, finding that the Dead Man's Act barred the
testimony of Dr. Heidke concerning his defenses to the enforcement
of the note. In addition, the trial court found that Mr. Coleman
was a holder in due course of the note and was not subject to any
special defenses against its enforcement.
There are two issues in this appeal: (1) whether the Dead
Man's Act bars the testimony of the maker of a promissory note as
to defenses that impair the enforceability of the note, and (2)
whether someone who obtained an interest in a note from the
settlement of a will contest is a holder in due course.
We affirm the summary judgment entered by the trial court that
testimony of Dr. Heidke concerning defenses to the enforceability
of the note is barred by the Dead Man's Act and that Stanley
Coleman is a holder in due course of the note.
I. BACKGROUND
On April 24, 1987, Alice Price executed a will naming Stanley
Coleman as executor and sole beneficiary of her estate. Sometime
after Alice Price's death, the heirs at law filed a petition to
contest the will. The will contest was subsequently settled, and
the settlement agreement awarded certain property to the heirs and
other property to Stanley Coleman. A promissory note, which is at
issue in this case, was distributed as an undivided one-half
interest to the heirs and the remaining one-half interest to
Stanley Coleman. The note was signed by Dr. Heidke on January 8,
1983, and Dr. Heidke made payments on the note until Alice Price
died. The note is unconditional on its face and contains no
defenses to its enforcement.
After filing suit, the plaintiff filed a motion for summary
judgment, alleging that the Dead Man's Act barred any defenses
against enforcement of the promissory note. On April 8, 1996, the
trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff,
holding that the Dead Man's Act applied and that Stanley Coleman
was a holder in due course of the note.
II. DEAD MAN'S ACT
Section 8-201 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure, also
known as the Dead Man's Act, provides in pertinent part:
"In the trial of any action in which any party sues or defends
as the representative of a deceased person ***, no adverse
party or person directly interested in the action shall be
allowed to testify on his or her own behalf to any
conversation with the deceased *** or to any event which took
place in the presence of the deceased ***.
*** `Representative' means any executor, administrator,
heir or legatee of a deceased person and any guardian or
trustee of any such heir or legatee, or a guardian or guardian
ad litem for a person under legal disability." 735 ILCS 5/8-
201 (West 1996).
The purpose of the Dead Man's Act is to bar evidence which a
deceased person could have refuted. Brown v. Arco Petroleum
Products Co., 195 Ill. App. 3d 563, 552 N.E.2d 1003 (1989). It
prevents interested claimants from testifying on their own behalf
about conversations with the deceased person. In re Estate of
Levy, 27 Ill. App. 3d 362, 326 N.E.2d 503 (1975). In order for the
Dead Man's Act to apply, the plaintiff must sue or defend as a
representative of a deceased person and not as an individual.
Light v. Steward, 128 Ill. App. 3d 587, 470 N.E.2d 1180 (1984). By
definition, a representative is an executor, administrator, heir,
legatee, or guardian.
Dr. Heidke seeks to testify on his own behalf as to the events
and conversations with Alice Price surrounding the execution of the
promissory note. The defendant cites Smith v. Haran, 273 Ill. App.
3d 866, 652 N.E.2d 1167 (1995), in which the appellate court held
that the Dead Man's Act did not apply and that the makers of a note
should have been allowed to testify that the decedent never gave
them any money in connection with the note. This case is clearly
distinguishable. The court held that the Dead Man's Act could not
apply because a nonevent (not receiving money from the deceased)
could not have taken place in the presence of the deceased as
required by the act. In the case at bar Dr. Heidke is not seeking
to testify as to a nonevent.
Next, the defendant claims that since Stanley Coleman did not
allege in his complaint that he is suing in his representative
capacity, he is only suing in his individual capacity and the act
does not apply. However, based on the clear language of the
statute, the Dead Man's Act is not restricted to probate actions
filed on behalf of an estate or decedent. It applies to any action
in which the representative of the deceased person sues or defends.
As such, it pertains not only to actions where a representative
sues to protect the interests of an estate, but also to actions
brought by heirs and legatees to protect their status and rights as
heirs and legatees. See Smith v. Haran, 273 Ill. App. 3d 866, 652
N.E.2d 1167 (1995).
The defendant further argues that once Stanley Coleman entered
into the settlement agreement, any status he may have had as a
legatee was waived. The defendant relies on Andrews v. Matthewson,
332 Ill. App. 325, 75 N.E.2d 123 (1947), in which the
administratrix of an estate who sued the comakers of a note payable
to the decedent was not entitled to invoke the Dead Man's Act
because she brought the suit individually and not in her
representative capacity. This case is also distinguishable from
the case at bar. In Andrews, the note had been assigned to an
independent party who subsequently reassigned the note to the
administratrix. As such, the administratrix was an assignee and
not entitled to rely on the Dead Man's Act.
It is clear that the plaintiff obtained his interest in the
note, first, as the sole legatee of Mrs. Price's will and, second,
pursuant to the settlement agreement. His interest was pursuant to
the distribution of the estate and not as an uninterested party or
an assignee. For this court to find that the plaintiff lost his
status as a legatee by settling with the heirs would create a
dangerous precedent and an unjust result. Parties would in effect
be discouraged from settling a will contest, thereby consuming
valuable court time and resources.
Finally, the defendant's argument that the plaintiff is a
residuary legatee is similarly misplaced. The plaintiff was a sole
beneficiary named in Alice Price's will. The fact that the heirs
at law filed a will contest that was subsequently settled does not
change the plaintiff to a residuary legatee.
III. HOLDER IN DUE COURSE
The defendant alleges in issue II of his brief that the
plaintiff is not a holder in due course and took the note subject
to claims or defenses that may have been asserted against Alice
Price.
A holder in due course is someone who takes an instrument that
appears to be facially valid, for value, in good faith, without
notice that it is overdue, dishonored, or subject to an uncured
default with respect to payment, contains no unauthorized
signature, has not been altered, and is not subject to certain
other defenses. 810 ILCS 5/3-302(a)(1),(2) (West 1996). Since
this court has held that the Dead Man's Act applies in this case,
evidence of possible defenses to the execution of the note is
inadmissible. Therefore, Alice Price is a holder in due course.
The defendant counterargues that even if Alice Price was a
holder in due course, Stanley Coleman still cannot be a holder in
due course because the Uniform Commercial Code indicates that a
person does not acquire the rights of a holder in due course if the
note is taken as a successor to an estate.
Under section 3-302(c) of the Uniform Commercial Code,
"(e)xcept to the extent a *** predecessor in interest has rights as
a holder in due course, a person does not acquire rights of a
holder in due course of an instrument taken *** as the successor in
interest to an estate or other organization." 810 ILCS 5/3-302(c)
(West 1996). Thus, it is clear that one who takes a note pursuant
to the distribution of an estate is a holder in due course as long
as the decedent was a holder in due course. 810 ILCS 5/3-302(c)
(West 1996); Rago v. Cosmopolitan National Bank, 89 Ill. App. 2d
12, 232 N.E.2d 88 (1967). A legatee who legally obtains a note
through the disposition of an estate is not a holder in due course
only if the decedent was not a holder in due course.
In the case at bar, since Alice Price was a holder in due
course and protected from any defenses pursuant to application of
the Dead Man's Act, and even though Mr. Coleman received his
interest in the note through the disposition of Mrs. Price's
estate, Mr. Coleman is a holder in due course and entitled to
enforce the terms of the promissory note.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is
affirmed.
Affirmed.
KUEHN, P.J., and HOPKINS, J., concur.
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