Cummings v. City of Waterloo
State: Illinois
Court: 5th District Appellate
Docket No: 5-96-0546
Case Date: 06/24/1997
NO. 5-96-0546
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
_________________________________________________________________
MARK CUMMINGS, RUSSELL WATTERS, SANDRA) Appeal from the
WATTERS, DONALD R. HAMMERS, DENNIS ) Circuit Court of
BAGBY, ALLEN MUELLER, and KATHERINE ) Monroe County.
MUELLER, )
)
Plaintiffs-Appellants, )
)
v. ) No. 96-MR-9
)
CITY OF WATERLOO, a Municipal )
Corporation, )
)
Defendant-Appellee, )
)
and )
)
WAL-MART STORES, INC., ) Honorable
) Annette A. Eckert,
Intervening Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, presiding.
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HOPKINS delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiffs, Mark Cummings, et al., appeal from an order of the
Monroe County circuit court dismissing their complaint against
defendant, the City of Waterloo (the City) for failure to state a
cause of action. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart), was allowed to
intervene and was made a defendant in the proceeding below and is
also a participant in this appeal. We affirm in part, reverse in
part, and remand the cause for the reasons set forth below.
FACTS
On June 17, 1996, the city council of the City passed
ordinance number 1013 by a simple majority of the council. In
ordinance number 1013 the City sought to amend an existing
ordinance to include B-3 zoning, central business use, within areas
zoned I-1, light industrial use. The amended ordinance would
affect seven separate zoning districts. Prior to the city council
meeting, protests were filed by owners of properties directly
opposite the frontage of five of the districts to be rezoned,
pursuant to statute (65 ILCS 5/11-13-14 (West 1996)) and the City's
zoning ordinance (Waterloo City Code 40-8-9 (1995)).
Following the passage of ordinance number 1013, plaintiffs
filed a six-count complaint against the City, seeking declaratory
judgments and injunctive relief. In four of the six counts of
plaintiffs' complaint, plaintiffs asserted that the passage of
ordinance number 1013 was invalid because proper protests were
filed, amounting to the requisite 20% required by statute (65 ILCS
5/11-13-14 (West 1996)), to trigger a two-thirds vote to pass
ordinance number 1013. Ordinance number 1013 was passed by a vote
of five for and three against, while a two-thirds vote would
require a vote of six to two. Plaintiffs also stated in the four
counts that plaintiffs' protests were properly and timely filed
with the City. Plaintiffs asked that ordinance number 1013 be
declared invalid and that the City be enjoined from enforcing the
ordinance and from issuing a building and occupancy permit to Wal-
Mart under this ordinance.
In count IV of plaintiffs' complaint, it was alleged that
ordinance number 1014, also passed on June 17, 1996, and ordinance
number 1009, passed by the city council on April 22, 1996, were
also invalid. Plaintiffs asserted that the two parcels of property
involved in these ordinances were 4.31 acres and 1.85 acres,
respectively, that the two parcels were zoned B-3, and that these
ordinances violated the minimum-acreage requirement for B-3 zoning
in the City's zoning code. In count VI of plaintiffs' complaint,
plaintiffs alleged that ordinance number 1013 was also invalid
because the application for zoning amendment was signed by the
mayor on behalf of the City, an action outside the scope of his
authority, as only the city council had this authority.
The City answered the plaintiffs' complaint, denying that
ordinance number 1013 was invalid and arguing that a two-thirds
vote was unnecessary to pass ordinance number 1013. The City also
filed an affirmative defense that the two-thirds vote required by
statute was not applicable to a "textual" amendment of an ordinance
but only applied to "map" amendments. The City also denied that
the undersized parcels zoned B-3 (the 1.85 acres and the 4.31
acres) were passed in violation of the City's zoning code and
denied that a request for zoning amendment can be initiated only by
the city council.
Wal-Mart filed a petition to intervene, which the court
allowed. Wal-mart had purchased three tracts of land from the
Schewe Family Partnership Trust and Glenn E. Schewe (the Schewes).
These three parcels are the subject of this lawsuit. The zoning
classification of the 1.85-acre parcel and the 4.31-acre parcel is
challenged in count IV. The zoning classification of the
remaining, largest parcel is challenged in counts I, II, III, and
V. Wal-Mart asserted in its petition to intervene that a 1993
annexation agreement between the Schewes and the City allowed for
B-3 use in the I-1 parcel of property sold to Wal-Mart by the
Schewes, because at the time of the execution of the annexation
agreement, B-3 use was allowed in areas zoned I-1. The property
was zoned I-1 in 1993 pursuant to this annexation agreement. Wal-
Mart also filed a complaint for a writ of mandamus against the
City, asserting its right to a building permit and a certification
of zoning.
Subsequently, Wal-Mart and the City filed motions to dismiss
plaintiffs' complaint for failure to state a cause of action, which
the trial court granted. It is from this order that plaintiffs
appeal.
ANALYSIS
The primary issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred
in granting the motions to dismiss. Plaintiffs have raised seven
issues in their brief; however, three of the seven issues concern
the trial court's statutory construction of section 11-13-14 of the
Illinois Municipal Code (65 ILCS 5/11-13-14 (West 1996)), as this
was the basis of the trial court's dismissal of counts I, II, III,
and V of plaintiffs' complaint. The remaining issues are that the
trial court erred in finding (1) that ordinance number 1009 and
number 1014 were valid, (2) that the service of two of the protests
was insufficient, (3) that the mayor was authorized to sign the
application for zoning amendment, and (4) that plaintiff's
complaint should be dismissed because of the 1993 annexation
agreement between the Schewes and the City.
1. The standard of review.
A trial court should interpret all pleadings and supporting
documents in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party on a
motion to dismiss under either section 2-615 or section 2-619 of
the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-615, 2-619 (West 1996)).
Toombs v. City of Champaign, 245 Ill. App. 3d 580, 583 (1993).
Further, the trial court should grant a motion to dismiss only
where the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that would support a
cause of action. Toombs, 245 Ill. App. 3d at 583. A complaint is
subject to dismissal under section 2-615 if it fails to state a
cause of action because of factual or legal insufficiency.
Wieseman v. Kienstra, Inc., 237 Ill. App. 3d 721 (1992). If a
complaint fails to set forth a legally recognized claim upon which
the plaintiff can recover, the complaint is infirm because of legal
insufficiency, while a factually insufficient complaint fails to
allege sufficient facts essential to the cause of action.
Wieseman, 237 Ill. App. 3d 721. In a motion to dismiss under
section 2-615, all well-pleaded facts and all reasonable inferences
that can be drawn from these facts are accepted as true. Wieseman,
237 Ill. App. 3d 721. Legal conclusions and factual conclusions
which are unsupported by allegations of specific facts will be
disregarded in ruling on a motion to dismiss. Lagen v. Balcor Co.,
274 Ill. App. 3d 11 (1995). Factual deficiencies of a complaint
cannot be cured by a liberal construction. Lagen, 274 Ill. App. 3d
11. On review of a trial court's ruling on a motion to dismiss,
the trial court's judgment is granted no deference, and the case is
reviewed de novo. Toombs, 245 Ill. App. 3d at 583. Section 2-615
applies to a failure to state a cause of action, either factually
or legally. 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 1996).
2. Statutory construction of section 11-13-14.
The trial court construed section 11-13-14 of the Illinois
Municipal Code as the basis for dismissing plaintiffs' counts I,
II, III, and V. Section 11-13-14 provides in pertinent part as
follows:
"The regulations imposed and the districts created under the
authority of this Division 13 [zoning] may be amended from
time to time by ordinance after the ordinance establishing
them has gone into effect ***. *** In case of a written
protest against any proposed amendment of the regulations or
districts, signed and acknowledged by the owners of 20% of the
frontage proposed to be altered, or by the owners of 20% of
the frontage immediately adjoining or across an alley
therefrom, or by the owners of 20% of the frontage directly
opposite the frontage proposed to be altered, is filed with
the clerk of the municipality, the amendment shall not be
passed except by a favorable vote of two-thirds of the
aldermen or trustees of the municipality then holding office.
In such cases, a copy of the written protest shall be served
by the protestor or protestors on the applicant for the
proposed amendments and a copy upon the applicant's attorney,
if any, by certified mail at the address of such applicant and
attorney shown in the application for the proposed amendment."
65 ILCS 5/11-13-14 (West 1996).
The trial court determined that counts I, II, III, and V of
plaintiffs' complaint must be dismissed because the protest
provisions of section 11-13-14 are not applicable to "text
amendments" to ordinances but are only applicable to "map
amendments" and, since the parties agree that ordinance number 1013
is a "text amendment" rather than a "map amendment," the protest
provisions of the statute do not apply. The trial court also ruled
that two of plaintiffs' written protests were insufficient, as the
protests were not served upon the applicant or the applicant's
attorney by certified mail, and that hand-delivery 15 minutes
before the city council's meeting failed to satisfy the statute's
requirement for service. If this construction of the statute is
correct, then the trial court was correct in dismissing plaintiffs'
four counts that rely upon the protest provisions, for no facts
could support these counts under the trial court's construction.
We begin our analysis, therefore, by determining whether the trial
court correctly construed this statute. As the trial court noted
in its order, this is an issue of first impression.
In construing a statute, a court must ascertain and give
effect to the legislative intent by looking to the language of the
statute and the purposes to be attained by it. In re Annexation of
Territory to City of Park Ridge, 260 Ill. App. 3d 384 (1994). The
language of the statute is to be given its plain and ordinary
meaning, unless the statute states otherwise. Roser v. Anderson,
222 Ill. App. 3d 1071 (1991). If two interpretations of the
statute are possible, then the one which renders the statute
ineffective is to be disregarded since it is presumed that the
legislature intended to enact an effective law. In re Annexation
of Territory to City of Park Ridge, 260 Ill. App. 3d 384. Every
word, clause, and section of a statute are to be attributed some
reasonable meaning whenever possible. Roser, 222 Ill. App. 3d
1071. A statute must be construed to avoid absurd results, and an
interpretation which renders any part of the statute superfluous
must be avoided. Roser, 222 Ill. App. 3d 1071.
Here, we find that the trial court's construction of the
statute is in error. In the court's ruling, it determined that the
protest provisions only applied to text amendments. There is
nothing in section 11-13-14 from which this conclusion can be
drawn, for the statute does not mention any such distinction in its
language. 65 ILCS 5/11-13-14 (West 1996). The trial court's
interpretation adds language to the statute that does not appear.
Additionally, if the statute is construed as the trial court
concluded, this construction renders the phrase "the regulations"
superfluous, which violates statutory construction principles.
We do not find, as the trial court did, that to apply the
protest provisions to the amendment of regulations would produce an
absurd result. The apparent purpose of the protest provisions is
to provide landowners a process to present their concerns as to the
effect of a zoning amendment on their property rights and uses.
The protest by the requisite number of owners does not prevent a
municipality from proceeding with a certain zoning scheme; it
merely requires a greater vote to implement the scheme. Further,
if an amendment only alters an ordinance to implement a new
effective date, one of the suggestions given to the trial court,
the protest provisions would not apply because the amendment would
not alter the property either by use or by boundary. We find that
the protest provisions apply to the amendment of regulations, which
is the case here, as well as to the amendment of districts.
Further, as plaintiffs state in their brief, if the legislature
desired a distinction between text and map amendments, the
legislature would have written the statute accordingly, for the
legislature made just such a distinction in section 5-12014 of the
Counties Code (55 ILCS 5/5-12014 (West 1996)).
Having determined that the protest provisions are applicable
to the amendment of a regulation or ordinance such as here, we now
consider how the protest provisions apply. Under the statute,
there are three categories of owners from whom protests are
allowed: first, the owners of 20% of the property of the frontage
to be altered; second, the owners of 20% of the frontage
immediately adjoining or across an alley therefrom; or third, the
owners of 20% of the frontage directly opposite the frontage to be
altered. Because the legislature used the word or, it would appear
that these categories are separate and distinct, and protests from
these separate categories should not be mingled to comprise the 20%
necessary under the statute.
An additional argument by plaintiffs involves whether the 20%
requirement applies to each district whose frontage is being
altered, thereby treating each district as a separate amendment, or
whether the 20% applies to the districts as a whole unit. The
statute provides that the 20% applies to "the frontage proposed to
be altered." We determine that the 20% applies to all the
districts to be altered where, as here, there is one amendment
which makes one zoning change applicable to multiple districts, for
all the districts are part of the "frontage proposed to be
altered." Thus, if owners of 20% of the property in one of the
three categories have filed the proper protests (in this case, 20%
of the owners of property directly opposite the total frontage of
the property to be altered, i.e., the total frontage of all seven
districts), then the supermajority vote is triggered.
The last portion of the statute to be construed is whether
hand-delivered service to the applicant and the applicant's
attorney is sufficient to meet the requirements of the statute.
Section 11-13-14 requires that protests be filed with the clerk of
the municipality and that the protest be served by certified mail
upon the applicant and the attorney shown on the application, if an
attorney is named. This issue has been decided in Gary-Wheaton
Bank v. City of West Chicago, 194 Ill. App. 3d 396 (1990), where it
was held that the service requirements of section 11-13-14 are
mandatory rather than directory. We find the holding in Gary-
Wheaton Bank to be well-reasoned and adopt the holding therein:
service of the protests by certified mail upon the applicant and
the applicant's attorney is mandatory and not directory. Having
construed section 11-13-14, we now apply the statute to the instant
case.
3. The court's ruling on the motions to dismiss.
The first consideration is whether the plaintiffs' complaint
states a cause of action, factually or legally, based upon our
construction of the statute. Plaintiffs asserted in counts I, II,
III, and V that they filed protests for property constituting the
requisite 20% under the statute to trigger the supermajority vote
to enact ordinance number 1013. Plaintiffs included with their
complaint 15 written protests, which plaintiffs alleged met the 20%
requirement in the statute. There are two affidavits in the
record, both executed by Russell Watters, in which plaintiffs
calculate the total frontage of the protestors' property and the
total frontage for the districts involved. Presumably, these
affidavits are to support plaintiffs' allegation that the 20%
requirement was met. In Watters' second amended affidavit, it is
asserted that the total frontage to be altered is 14,281 lineal
feet and that the total frontage of the property represented by the
protests filed is 6,666.34 lineal feet. We note that in the
minutes of the June 17, 1996, city council meeting, there was
considerable discussion about the frontage to be altered, the
percentage of frontage represented by the protests, and the
requirements of the statute. Also contained in the minutes is a
statement that the City's zoning officer's calculations differed
greatly from Mr. Watters' calculations, i.e., the frontage of the
I-1 districts totalled 26,611 lineal feet and the total frontage of
the protests filed was 3,689.26, for a percentage of 13.8. This
evidence gives rise to a dispute over the actual footage, both
total and for the protests; however, viewing the pleadings in the
light most favorable to the nonmoving party, plaintiffs herein, and
assuming that plaintiffs' calculations are correct, then plaintiffs
have met the requisite 20% required by the statute to trigger the
supermajority vote. However, our analysis does not end there, for
an issue is raised over the sufficiency of two of the protests
involved herein.
The two protests contested, both before the trial court and on
appeal, are the Daley's protest and the Schlegal's protest. The
written protest filed by Daley is unsigned. The statute requires
that the written protest be "signed and acknowledged" by the owner
of the property protesting. 65 ILCS 5/11-13-14 (West 1996). The
court found the Daley protest to be insufficient because it was not
served upon the applicant and the City's attorney by certified
mail; however, Daley's protest is also insufficient because it is
unsigned. Therefore, the Daley protest is improper and cannot be
considered in the 20% calculation.
Additionally, the trial court was not persuaded that the
delivery of the protests to the clerk's office was sufficient. We
note that the Daley and Schlegal protests were not stamped
"received" by the clerk. Although plaintiffs argued before the
trial court that the deputy clerk refused to accept service, it is
not the clerk who should be served. All that is necessary under
the statute is that the protests be "filed" with the city clerk;
however, "service" is to be made on the applicant by certified
mail. Further, it is not clear from the record whether the clerk's
office refused to accept the protests or not. Under the
circumstances presented here, the hand-delivery service was
inadequate and the two protests which were hand-delivered cannot be
considered in the 20% calculation. Disregarding the Daley and
Schlegal protests, and viewing the pleadings in the light most
favorable to plaintiffs and accepting their calculations as true,
the plaintiffs' complaint still states a cause of action under our
statutory construction of section 11-13-14, since they have alleged
that their protests meet the 20% required by the statute.
Plaintiffs' allegations are subject to further proof at trial. It
is at trial where the quality of the evidence is evaluated, not by
granting a motion to dismiss. Therefore, we reverse the trial
court's dismissal of counts I, II, III, and V for failure to state
a cause of action under the statute, and we remand the cause to the
trial court for further proceedings on those counts.
Next, we consider whether counts IV and VI were properly
dismissed by the court. In count IV, plaintiffs alleged that two
ordinances concerning undersized parcels zoned as B-3 were invalid
as the ordinances violated the City's zoning code. Under section
40-2-1 of Waterloo's zoning code, property less than 10 acres
cannot be zoned B-3. Waterloo City Code 40-2-1 (1995). The first
parcel, containing 4.31 acres, was property formerly owned by the
Schewes and was located in an unincorporated area contiguous to the
city limits. This parcel was annexed to the City in ordinance
number 1009 passed by the city council on April 22, 1996. In
ordinance number 1009 it is stated in pertinent part as follows:
"WHEREAS, the legal owner of record [the Schewes] of said
territory [the 4.31 acres] and the City of Waterloo have
entered into a valid and binding Annexation Agreement relating
to such territory; and
* * *
SECTION 3: The territory annexed to the City of Waterloo
is classified under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of
Waterloo pursuant to the Annexation Agreement as B-3, `Central
Business.'"
No objections were made to ordinance number 1009 at the time of the
ordinance's passage. The trial court ruled in its order that the
City was bound by the annexation agreement. The annexation
agreement corresponding to ordinance number 1009 is not contained
in the record before this court. However, plaintiffs do not
dispute the validity of the annexation agreement involved in
ordinance number 1009 but only contend that the ordinance was
passed in violation of the City's zoning code requiring a minimum
acreage for B-3 zoning. Because the annexation agreement is not
present in the record, it must be inferred that the 4.31 acres were
annexed pursuant to a valid and binding agreement and not under the
zoning section cited by plaintiffs. We note that section 11-15.1-2
of the Illinois Municipal Code provides for annexation agreements
and the City's authority to agree to zoning in annexation
agreements. 65 ILCS 5/11-15.1-2 (West 1996). The statute further
provides that an annexation agreement is binding on the successor
owners of record of the land which is subject to the agreement and
on the municipality. 65 ILCS 5/11-15.1-4 (West 1996). We must
conclude that the trial court ruled correctly on count IV and
properly dismissed that count.
Further, plaintiffs allege in count IV that ordinance number
1014, passed by the city council on June 17, 1996, was invalid
because this ordinance rezoned the 1.85-acre parcel from A-1 to B-
3, again in violation of section 40-2-1 of the City's zoning code,
which requires a minimum of 10 acres for a parcel to receive B-3
zoning. The City and Wal-Mart asserted before the trial court that
this parcel was rezoned pursuant to section 40-2-2 of Waterloo's
zoning code. That section of the zoning code provides as follows:
"ZONING DISTRICT EXPANSION. An existing zoning district may
be changed by expansion of said district into contiguous
district, and said change need not conform to minimum district
sizes, nor shall any district involved in said change be
required to meet a minimum district size." Waterloo City Code
40-2-2 (1995).
Under this section of the City's zoning code, the 10-acre
requirement need not be met if the district being rezoned is
contiguous to a parcel already similarly zoned. Here, the 4.31-
acre parcel was already zoned B-3 at the time of the passing of
ordinance number 1014, and the 1.85-acre parcel was contiguous to
the 4.31-acre parcel. The court's ruling that count IV should be
dismissed is proper because plaintiffs cannot allege any facts that
would state a cause of action under the City's zoning code.
Ordinance number 1014 was not invalid because it was passed
pursuant to statute and to city ordinance.
Our next consideration is count VI of plaintiffs' complaint
wherein plaintiffs alleged that ordinance number 1013 was invalid
because the application for zoning amendment was signed by the
City's mayor, a violation of section 40-8-1 of the City's zoning
code. Waterloo City Code 40-8-1 (1995). Under section 40-8-1 the
city council can, "on its own motion, on petitions of any persons
in interest, or on initial recommendations of the Board of Appeals
or Planning Commission, amend, supplement, or repeal by ordinance
the regulations or provisions of this Code." Waterloo City Code
40-8-1 (1995). In count VI, plaintiffs assert that the mayor
signed the application for zoning amendment on behalf of the City
and, because this application was not discussed at a previous city
council meeting and approved for action, the mayor had no authority
to sign the application for zoning amendment.
In the trial court's order, the court determined that the
mayor's signing of the application was not a violation of statute
or of the City's zoning code. We find that the court's ruling was
correct. Under section 3.1-35-5 of the Illinois Municipal Code, a
mayor "may recommend for [the corporate authorities'] consideration
measures the mayor *** believes expedient." 65 ILCS 5/3.1-35-5
(West 1996). This provision would allow the mayor to sign the
application and present it through the proper procedures to the
city council. The mere signing of the application does not violate
the statute, and it does not violate the section of the City's
zoning code relied on by plaintiffs. In the June 17, 1996, minutes
of the city council meeting, it was stated that the application for
zoning amendment went through all the proper procedures required to
pass a zoning ordinance, i.e., it was presented to the planning
commission and the zoning board of appeals before it was presented
for a vote to the city council. There are no facts asserted by
plaintiffs that state a cause of action in count VI. Therefore,
the trial court properly granted the City's and Wal-Mart's motions
to dismiss this count.
4. The trial court's ruling
on the Schewes' annexation agreement of 1993.
Lastly, plaintiffs contend that the trial court's ruling that
the entire complaint could be dismissed for failure to state a
cause of action based upon an annexation agreement between the
Schewes and the City executed in 1993 is erroneous and the court's
dismissal must be reversed. Under the 1993 annexation agreement
between the Schewes and the City, an unincorporated parcel of land
of the Schewes was to be annexed to the City and was to be zoned I-
1. At the time of the execution of the agreement, B-3 uses were
allowed in districts zoned I-1 under the City's zoning code. At
some time after the execution of the 1993 annexation agreement, the
City amended the zoning code and eliminated B-3 uses from districts
zoned I-1.
The annexation agreement involved herein states in pertinent
part as follows:
"The City agrees that after the property described in Appendix
`C' is annexed to the City *** it shall be zoned `I-1'."
Plaintiffs contend that, because there is no language in the
agreement prohibiting subsequent amendment of the ordinance
restricting I-1 uses, the Schewes and their successors (here Wal-
Mart) are only allowed the uses permitted in I-1 districts under
the current zoning code. According to plaintiffs' argument,
because of the language of the annexation agreement, when I-1 uses
are expanded by an amendment to the ordinance, the uses on the
Schewes' property are expanded, but when I-1 uses are restricted by
an amendment to the zoning code, then the uses of the Schewes'
property are similarly restricted. Wal-Mart and the City argue
they are entitled to the uses allowed for I-1 zoning districts in
1993, the time of the execution of the annexation agreement, for to
hold otherwise would deprive the parties to the agreement the
benefit of their bargain. We agree with Wal-Mart and the City. At
the time of the annexation agreement, the Schewes could have
enforced the agreement to allow B-3 uses. The length of the
agreement was for 20 years. The agreement is binding and can be
enforced under the same terms as when executed, for that is part of
the bargain to which the parties agreed. See Union National Bank
v. Village of Glenwood, 38 Ill. App. 3d 469 (1976). Thus, the
annexation agreement between the Schewes and the City was a valid,
binding contract, and Wal-Mart, as successor to the Schewes'
property, is entitled to have the contract enforced as written.
Wal-Mart is entitled to B-3 uses on the property zoned I-1, based
upon the annexation agreement. 65 ILCS 5/11-15.1-2, 11-15.1.5
(West 1996); People ex rel. NBD Trust Co. of Illinois v. Village of
Hoffman Estates, 234 Ill. App. 3d 59 (1992). The trial court was
correct is finding the annexation agreement a valid, binding
contract; however, we agree with plaintiffs that the annexation
agreement would not be a basis for dismissing their entire
complaint. The trial court's holding that the annexation agreement
was a basis for dismissing plaintiffs' entire complaint is
reversed.
In summary, we reverse the trial court's ruling dismissing
counts I, II, III, and V of plaintiffs' complaint, and we remand
for further proceedings on those counts; we affirm the trial
court's dismissal of counts IV and VI; and we affirm the trial
court's finding that the 1993 annexation agreement between the
Schewes and the City is a valid, binding contract, but we reverse
the trial court's ruling that the annexation agreement is a basis
for dismissing plaintiffs' entire complaint.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court
of Monroe County dismissing plaintiffs' complaint for failure to
state a cause of action is affirmed part and reversed in part, and
this cause is remanded.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part; cause remanded.
MAAG, J., and RARICK, J., concur.
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