NOTICE Decision filed 09/22/04. The text of this decision may be changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for Rehearing or the disposition of the same. |
NO. 5-03-0146
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHRISTOPHER MYERS, Defendant-Appellant. | ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) | Appeal from the Circuit Court of Union County. No. 01-CF-38 Honorable |
JUSTICE MAAG delivered the opinion of the court:
The defendant, Christopher Myers, was charged with two counts of aggravated arson. One count involved Valerie Murray and the other count involved Zackery Cobb. The chargesstemmed from a fire that occurred on March 23, 2002, at a mobile home inhabited by RebeccaMyers, the defendant's estranged wife. The defendant was convicted of both counts followinga jury trial on December 12, 2002. On January 3, 2003, the defendant was sentenced toconcurrent terms of eight years' imprisonment on each count. The defendant's motion for anew trial was denied. The defendant appeals.
The relevant facts are as follows. The defendant lived with Rebecca and their eight-year-old daughter, Kyleigh, at Rebecca's mobile home until March 13, 2002, when thedefendant moved out due to marital problems. Rebecca and Kyleigh continued to live in themobile home. Rebecca was afraid to be at the mobile home alone with Kyleigh, due to thedefendant's constant harassment and threats. She asked her friend Valerie Murray to stay at themobile home with her.
On the evening of the fire, Kyleigh spent the night with Rebecca's parents in Anna,Illinois, and Rebecca was visiting her friend Chance, who also lived in Anna, Illinois. Murrayand Zackery Cobb, Murray's boyfriend, were at Rebecca's mobile home watching televisionwhen Murray saw a light coming toward the mobile home. Murray then heard a loud boom likean explosion. Murray witnessed flames coming from the back side of the mobile home. Cobbmanaged to extinguish the fire before the fire department arrived. An arson investigator forthe insurance company determined that the fire had been caused by a plastic jug containinggasoline and a makeshift cloth wick being ignited with a match or lighter and thrown underneaththe mobile home.
The defendant testified that he gave a written statement to the police. The defendantclaimed that the police interrogated, intimidated, and coerced him into making the statementand that it was false.
The State introduced Terry Flores' testimony. He met the defendant at the jail after thedefendant had been arrested. Flores was in jail on aggravated battery and mob action chargesfor beating a young man. Flores testified that although he had not been promised anything inexchange for his testimony, he felt that it was the "right thing" to come forward withinformation about the defendant, since a child was involved. Flores stated that the defendanttold him that he had set fire to the trailer because he did not intend for his wife to get thetrailer if they divorced.
Initially, public defender Patrick Cox was appointed as the defendant's counsel. Coximmediately withdrew due to a conflict of interest. Another public defender, William Ballard,was appointed, but he also withdrew. Private attorney Gary E. Stark then entered an appearanceas counsel on April 18, 2002. Stark moved to withdraw on May 28, 2002, because thedefendant had not paid his retainer fee. On June 6, 2002, Allen James was appointed ascounsel. James filed a motion for a substitution of judge on June 11, 2002, and the motionwas allowed.
James testified at a pretrial hearing on December 3, 2002. James stated that when heaccepted the appointment to represent the defendant, he was aware of the potential conflict dueto his representation of Flores. The defendant was also aware of the conflict and expressedthat concern in a letter to the presiding judge. James told the assistant State's Attorney, PatrickDuffy, who was handling the defendant's case for the State, that he thought that he had a conflictin representing the defendant. James explained that he had previously represented Flores andhad arranged a "deal" for Flores whereby Flores would make a statement against the defendant. James represented Flores in April 2002 when Flores gave a statement to the effect that thedefendant had admitted to him, when they were in jail together, that he had set the fire atRebecca's mobile home. Duffy told James that he did not think that there would be a conflictunless the State planned to call Flores to testify about that statement, and Duffy told James thatthe State did not plan to do so. We note that numerous charges had been filed against thedefendant in addition to those alleging aggravated arson. While the two were in jail, thedefendant apparently spoke to Flores about several of the alleged offenses. James testifiedthat Duffy had stated that Flores' testimony would not be necessary in the prosecution of the"arson and kidnaping charges." Duffy wanted to avoid another defense counsel's withdrawalfrom the defendant's case.
James discussed the situation with the defendant, including what Duffy had stated aboutnot calling Flores as a witness. James told the defendant that Duffy did not believe that Jameshad a conflict unless Flores was called as a witness and that the State did not plan to call Floresto testify. The defendant agreed that James could represent him, based upon the fact that theState did not plan to call Flores as a witness. James filed various pretrial motions, and onSeptember 30, 2002, State's Attorney John Bigler filed a third discovery answer, whichindicated that he intended to call Flores as a witness. James filed a motion to withdraw due toa conflict of interest. On October 11, 2002, the motion was granted.
McArthur Allen was appointed as substitute counsel. On November 4, 2002, Allen fileda motion to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds, alleging that the defendant was notresponsible for the delay caused by the activities of his former counsel, James. The motionwas denied, and the issue was revisited prior to the trial, with the court denying the motion toreconsider.
At the conclusion of the trial the defendant was convicted of both counts of aggravatedarson. The circuit court then sentenced the defendant to concurrent terms of eight years'imprisonment on each count. The speedy trial issue was again raised in posttrial motions, andthe motions were denied. The defendant appeals.
On appeal, the defendant claims that he was denied his right to a speedy trial where hewas represented by counsel burdened with a conflict of interest and he did not waive thatconflict. For this reason, the defendant contends that the delays incurred by his conflict-burdened counsel, James, cannot be attributed to him. We disagree.
According to section 103-5(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (725 ILCS5/103-5(a) (West 2002)):
"Every person in custody in this State for an alleged offense shall be tried by thecourt having jurisdiction within 120 days from the date he was taken into custody unlessdelay is occasioned by the defendant, by an examination for fitness ordered pursuantto Section 104-13 of this Act, by a fitness hearing, by an adjudication of unfitness tostand trial, by a continuance allowed pursuant to Section 114-4 of this Act after acourt's determination of the defendant's physical incapacity for trial, or by aninterlocutory appeal. Delay shall be considered to be agreed to by the defendant unlesshe or she objects to the delay by making a written demand for trial or an oral demandfor trial on the record."
The 120-day period begins to run automatically when a defendant is taken into custody (Peoplev. Sojak, 273 Ill. App. 3d 579, 582, 652 N.E.2d 1061, 1064 (1995)), and a dismissal ismandatory when the 120-day period has been exceeded and any delay is not attributable to thedefendant. People v. Schmidt, 233 Ill. App. 3d 512, 514, 599 N.E.2d 201, 204 (1992). Adelay is attributable to the defendant when his act in fact causes or contributes to the delay. People v. Plair, 292 Ill. App. 3d 396, 398, 686 N.E.2d 28, 31 (1997). Agreed continuances,made on the record, for example, constitute affirmative acts of delay attributable to thedefendant and will suspend the speedy trial period. Sojak, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 582, 652 N.E.2dat 1064. Any type of motion filed by the defendant which eliminates the possibility that thecase could immediately be set for a trial also constitutes an affirmative act of delay attributableto the defendant. See People v. McDonald, 168 Ill. 2d 420, 440, 660 N.E.2d 832, 840 (1995). And if there are two reasons for a delay, one attributable to the State and the other to thedefendant, the fact that the delay was partially attributable to the defendant will be sufficientto toll the statutory term. People v. Smith, 251 Ill. App. 3d 839, 843, 623 N.E.2d 857, 860(1993); People v. Grant, 104 Ill. App. 3d 183, 188, 432 N.E.2d 1129, 1132 (1982). A delay,however, cannot be attributed to the defendant when the record is silent. Sojak, 273 Ill. App.3d at 582, 652 N.E.2d at 1064-65. Similarly, a defendant's failure to object to the State'srequest for a delay, for example, cannot be considered an agreement or waiver of the right toa speedy trial by the defendant. Sojak, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 583, 652 N.E.2d at 1065. Althoughnot all motions cause delay, whether a motion in fact causes delay depends on the facts andcircumstances of each case. People v. Ladd, 294 Ill. App. 3d 928, 932, 691 N.E.2d 896, 901(1998). Delays naturally associated with the processing of defense motions suspend thespeedy trial clock. Ladd, 294 Ill. App. 3d at 931, 691 N.E.2d at 900. The circuit court'sdetermination of who is responsible for a delay of the trial is entitled to much deference andshould be sustained absent a clear showing that the circuit court abused its discretion. Peoplev. Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d 81, 115, 705 N.E.2d 850, 869 (1998).
In the case at hand, the defendant was taken into custody for aggravated arson on April8, 2002. On April 9, 2002, Cox was appointed to represent the defendant. A preliminaryhearing was set for April 18, 2002. Cox moved to withdraw as counsel on April 15, 2002. The10 days from April 8, 2002, to April 17, 2002, are not attributable to the defendant. SeePeople v. Collum, 98 Ill. App. 3d 385, 387, 424 N.E.2d 440, 442 (1981).
Stark entered his appearance on April 18, 2002, and moved to continue the preliminaryhearing until May 16, 2002. The 28 days from April 18, 2002, to May 15, 2002, areattributable to the defendant. See People v. Young, 46 Ill. 2d 82, 85, 263 N.E.2d 72, 73(1970).
The preliminary hearing was held on May 16, 2002, and an arraignment date of June 6,2002, was set. The 21 days from May 16, 2002, to June 5, 2002, are not attributable to thedefendant. See People v. Vasquez, 311 Ill. App. 3d 291, 295, 724 N.E.2d 984, 987-88(2000).
On June 6, 2002, Stark was granted leave to withdraw due to the defendant's failure topay attorney fees. James was appointed to represent the defendant, and the arraignment wascontinued to June 20, 2002. Hearings and rulings on subsequent defense motions, includingthe motion for a substitution of judge, the motion for a fitness examination, and the motion foran investigator, further delayed the arraignment until September 18, 2002. The 104 days fromJune 6, 2002, to September 17, 2002, are attributable to the defendant. See 725 ILCS 5/103-5(a) (West 2002); Kliner, 185 Ill. 2d at 116-17, 705 N.E.2d at 869-70.
The defendant was arraigned on September 18, 2002, and a trial date was set forOctober 15, 2002. On October 3, 2002, the defendant filed a motion to suppress hisstatements and three motions in limine. The motions in limine were ruled upon on October8, 2002, and the motion to suppress was denied on October 9, 2002. Hence, the motions didnot, in fact, cause a delay.
On October 11, 2002, James moved to withdraw. James stated that he was not awarethat a conflict had arisen until October 8, 2002, because prior to that time he had not believedthat Flores would be called to testify for the State. (We note that a supplemental discoveryanswer was apparently filed on September 30, 2002, indicating that the State intended to callFlores as a witness.) The defendant indicated that he did not wish to waive the conflict, and themotion to withdraw was granted.
Allen was then appointed to represent the defendant, and he filed for variouscontinuances. The State concedes that since it changed its position regarding witness Floresand created the conflict that led James to withdraw, the continuances obtained by attorneyAllen could not be attributed to the defendant.
The defendant's trial began on December 9, 2002. The 82 days from September 18,2002, to December 8, 2002, are not attributable to the defendant. See People v. Perkins, 90Ill. App. 3d 975, 979-80, 414 N.E.2d 110, 113-14 (1980).
The defendant was in pretrial custody for 245 days. James represented him for 127 ofthose days. Although the defendant argues that none of the 127 days should be delayattributable to him, we disagree. See People v. Bradley, 348 Ill. App. 3d 677, 683-84, 810N.E.2d 494, 498-99 (2004) (the court held that conflict-burdened counsel's requests fordelays in the trial were properly attributable to the defendant and that counsel's requests andconsents were not rendered null and void).
For the foregoing reasons, we find that 132 of the 245 days that the defendant spent inpretrial custody are attributable to him and that the remaining 113 days do not implicate aviolation of the defendant's statutory right to a speedy trial.
Next, the defendant claims that one of his convictions for aggravated arson must bevacated because there was only one act of arson. We agree.
The Fourth District Appellate Court has already addressed this argument in People v.Hanks, 174 Ill. App. 3d 555, 560-61, 528 N.E.2d 1044, 1047-48 (1988), where the court,relying on People v. Williams, 131 Ill. App. 3d 597, 475 N.E.2d 1082 (1985), and People v.Mercado, 119 Ill. App. 3d 461, 456 N.E.2d 331 (1983), held, "[The] defendant was properlyconvicted of two offenses of aggravated arson against two victims resulting from [the]defendant's single act of arson." Although we agree that based upon Williams and Mercadomultiple crimes may arise out of a single act where separate individuals are victims of the act,we disagree that is the case in an aggravated arson like the instant one, where one fire was setand two individuals were physically unharmed by the fire.
In Williams, the defendant was convicted of three separate homicides and oneaggravated arson, which resulted in the death of three people in the fire. The separate offenseswere (1) the starting of the fire and (2) the killing of the three people. In Mercado, threereckless homicide convictions were the result of three people being killed as a result ofreckless conduct. The defendant in Mercado was driving under the influence of alcohol.
The language of the reckless homicide and felony-murder statutes makes it clear thatthe focus is on the death of the victim (see 720 ILCS 5/9-3(a), 9-1(a) (West 2002)), or theresult of the act, and that they are crimes against individuals. The basic crime of arson is theillegal use of fire or explosives or the act of setting the fire. 720 ILCS 5/20-1 (West 2002). In the aggravated arson statute, the focus is also on the act of arson itself, with the offenseelevated due to the fact that the defendant "knows or reasonably should know that one or morepersons are present" inside the structure. 720 ILCS 5/20-1.1(a)(1) (West 2002). If Cobb andMurray had been seriously injured by the arson, the defendant, if so charged, could have beenconvicted of two counts of attempted murder. For these reasons, the Williams and Mercadodecisions are distinguishable from the instant case and the Hanks decision. We respectfullydisagree with the Hanks court's decision that two convictions for aggravated arson are properwhen two unharmed potential victims are involved and only one fire was set. For this reason,one conviction for aggravated arson is proper in the instant case.
The defendant argues that if this court finds that one conviction for aggravated arsonshould be vacated, then this court should remand for a new sentencing hearing. We disagree.
After weighing the relevant aggravating and mitigating factors, the court noted thataggravated arson is a Class X felony punishable by a term of imprisonment from 6 to 30 years. The circuit court denied the State's request that consecutive sentences be imposed anddetermined that concurrent eight-year terms were appropriate. We have reviewed the recordand find that there is nothing in the record to suggest that the circuit court's reasoning wasinfluenced by the fact that the defendant was charged with two counts, and "[t]here is nothingin the record to indicate [the] defendant's sentence would have been less severe had [the]defendant been convicted of only one charge." People v. Bridges, 188 Ill. App. 3d 961, 969,545 N.E.2d 367, 372 (1989).
For the foregoing reasons, one aggravated arson conviction and sentence is affirmed,and one aggravated arson conviction and sentence is vacated because both convictions resultedfrom a single act of arson.
Affirmed in part and vacated in part.
HOPKINS and WELCH, JJ., concur.