Presley v. P&S Grain Co.
State: Illinois
Court: 5th District Appellate
Docket No: 5-96-0400
Case Date: 06/25/1997
NO. 5-96-0400
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
_________________________________________________________________
MARION PRESLEY, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff and Counterdefendant, ) Williamson County.
)
v. )
)
P & S GRAIN CO., INC., )
)
Defendant and Counterplaintiff. )
-------------------------------------)
P & S GRAIN CO., INC., )
)
Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 94-L-103
)
MISSOURI FARMERS ASSOCIATION, INC., )
a Missouri Corporation, )
)
Third-Party Defendant-Appellant.)
-------------------------------------)
MISSOURI FARMERS ASSOCIATION, INC., )
a Missouri Corporation, )
)
Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. )
)
KEN-MO AGRICULTURE CENTER, INC., )
a Missouri Corporation, ) Honorable
) William H. Wilson,
Third-Party Defendant-Appellant.) Judge, presiding.
_________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HOPKINS delivered the opinion of the court:
Third-party defendant, Ken-Mo Agriculture Center, Inc. (Ken-
Mo), appeals the judgment of the Williamson County circuit court
ordering it to pay damages to third-party plaintiff, Missouri
Farmers Association, Inc. (MFA), for indemnification of breach of
warranty under the Uniform Commercial Code (810 ILCS 5/2-607(5)
(West 1994)). MFA, as third-party defendant, appeals the same
judgment ordering it to pay damages to third-party plaintiff, P & S
Grain Co., Inc. (P & S), pursuant to section 2-607(5) of the
Uniform Commercial Code (810 ILCS 5/2-607(5) (West 1994)). On
appeal, Ken-Mo raises the following issues: (1) whether the trial
court had in personam jurisdiction over it under the long-arm
statute and whether the exercise of such jurisdiction violated Ken
Mo's due process rights under the Illinois and United States
Constitutions; (2) whether the trial court had subject matter
jurisdiction based upon the Seed Arbitration Act (710 ILCS 25/1 et
seq. (West 1994)); (3) whether MFA stated a proper cause of action
against Ken-Mo in its third-party complaint; (4) whether the trial
court erred in finding that a limitation-of-liability provision was
not a term of the contract between Ken-Mo and MFA; and (5) whether
the court erred in determining that the purchase price of the
soybean seeds was an improper limitation of liability. MFA, in its
appeal, raises the following issues: (1) whether the court had
subject matter jurisdiction under the Seed Arbitration Act; and (2)
whether the court erred in finding that a provision limiting
liability to the purchase price of the soybean seeds was not a term
of the contract between MFA and P & S. For the reasons set forth
below, we affirm in part and vacate in part.
FACTS
On or about June 23, 1992, plaintiff, Marion Presley, a
farmer, contacted R. L. Waldron at P & S, a corporation located in
Marion, Illinois. P & S is a business that distributes seed,
fertilizer, and other agricultural products. Waldron, P & S's
president, testified that Presley wanted to purchase 360 bushels of
Essex soybean seeds with a germination rate of at least 80%.
Waldron did not have the seeds needed by Presley, but Waldron
called MFA, a corporation located in Columbia, Missouri, that same
day and talked to Terry Spickert. Waldron told Spickert that he
needed 400 bushels of Essex soybean seeds, and Spickert stated that
MFA would get the seeds for Waldron. Waldron and Spickert
discussed the purchase price; however, no other terms or conditions
were discussed, and nothing was said about limiting liability to
the purchase price of the seeds.
Subsequently, Spickert sent Waldron a sales order form, which
Waldron received after P & S received the soybean seeds. Waldron
did not look at the back of MFA's sales order form until the
morning of trial. Waldron admitted that paragraph five on the back
of the order form stated as follows:
"The [MFA] Seed Operations gives no warranty, express or
implied, as to productiveness of any seeds its sells and
will not be in any way responsible for the crop. The
liability, in all instances, is limited to the purchase
price of seed."
Waldron also stated that P & S does approximately a million dollars
worth of business per year with MFA, and that this is the first
time he became aware of this paragraph limiting liability.
Waldron, who had been in the seed industry for 38 years, was
unaware of any standard or trade usage limiting damages to the
price of the seeds.
Waldron became aware that the purchased seeds were from Ken-Mo
when the soybeans were delivered to P & S on June 26, 1992. The
truck's delivery order indicated that the seeds came directly from
Ken-Mo in Kennett, Missouri, to P & S in Marion, Illinois. When
the seeds were delivered to P & S on June 26, 1992, Presley's
employees loaded 360 bags of seed directly from the delivery truck
onto Presley's truck. The remaining 40 bags were placed in P & S's
warehouse.
Waldron stated that, approximately a week or two after Presley
planted the soybean seeds, Presley came to P & S and asked to see
the label on the Essex soybean bags. Presley did not believe he
had good germination with the seeds. Waldron showed Presley the
label, which stated that the seeds would germinate at 80%. Waldron
did not contact anyone at that time about a possible problem with
the seeds. It was not until Waldron received a stop-sale order
from the Illinois Department of Agriculture (the Department) on
August 21, 1992, for the remaining 40 bags of Essex seeds that
Waldron contacted Ken-Mo. Waldron was unsure if he contacted MFA
about the seed problem before or after he received the stop-sale
order.
Leon Billingsley, vice president of P & S, testified that
approximately 10 to 14 days after Presley planted the seeds, he
inspected Presley's field where the Essex seeds were planted. In
Billingsley's opinion, the seeds were planted appropriately, and
there was ample moisture in the ground. Billingsley estimated that
only 20 to 25% of the Essex seeds had germinated.
George Maksin, inspector for the Department, on July 21, 1992,
did an unannounced inspection of P & S's seed warehouse, took
samples of Ken-Mo's Essex soybean seed from P & S's warehouse, and
submitted the seeds to the Department's testing laboratory in
Springfield. As a result of the Department's tests on the seed, a
stop-sale order was issued to P & S on August 21, 1992. A copy of
the stop-sale order was sent to Ken-Mo.
Nellie Tonelle, a seed analyst for the Department, testified
that she analyzed the soybean seed brought in by Maksin. She
determined the germination rate of the Essex soybean seed to be
36%. On a retest, which is required under the Department's rules,
Tonelle found the germination rate to be 27%.
Spickert, manager of MFA's seed division, testified that he
took Waldron's soybean seed order over the phone. MFA did not have
the seeds ordered by Waldron in stock, so he called Hubert Snipes
at Ken-Mo, a seed producer in Missouri, and ordered the Essex
soybean seeds from Ken-Mo. Spickert stated that normally MFA would
pick up the seeds from Ken-Mo and deliver the seeds to P & S, but
MFA's trucks were unavailable at that time. Spickert asked Snipes
if Ken-Mo would deliver the seeds directly to P & S. Snipes agreed
and told Spickert that the cost to MFA for delivery would be $275.
Spickert testified that only the purchase price and the cost of
delivery were discussed by Spickert and Snipes on the telephone.
On June 29, 1992, MFA received an invoice from Ken-Mo for the
purchase of the seeds. Attached to the invoice was the trucker's
delivery order, showing that the seeds were delivered on June 26,
1992, to P & S in Marion, Illinois, by Ross Farms, the trucking
company hired by Ken-Mo.
Spickert testified that a seed tag indicates whether seed is
certified, registered, or unregistered seed. Spickert was aware of
the limitation-of-liability language contained on seed tags in
Missouri. Spickert stated he ordered registered Essex soybean
seeds from Ken-Mo.
Snipes, manager of Ken-Mo, testified that the Essex soybean
seeds involved herein were tested in February 1992, and that the
germination rate at that time was 80%. Snipes became aware of the
problem with the soybean seeds when he received the stop-sale order
from the Department. Snipes stated that he was aware of the
limitation-of-liability provision on seed tags and of the
requirement of 30-day notice by registered mail when there is a
problem with the seed. Snipes confirmed that Spickert placed an
order by phone, and that he received a purchase order for the seeds
from MFA approximately three days later. Snipes corroborated that
Ken-Mo shipped the soybean seeds directly to P & S in Illinois, but
Ken-Mo billed MFA for the soybean seeds and the cost of shipping
the seeds.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Because the Essex soybean seeds failed to germinate at the
rate of 80% as stated upon the seed tags, Presley filed suit
against P & S for breach of express and implied warranties. In
turn, P & S filed a counterclaim against Presley and a third-party
complaint against MFA under the Uniform Commercial Code. MFA in
turn filed a third-party claim for indemnification against Ken-Mo.
Ken-Mo was served in Missouri, after which Ken-Mo filed a
special and limited appearance and a motion to quash service on
MFA's third-party claim, asserting that the court did not have in
personam jurisdiction either under the long-arm statute or under
due process. Ken-Mo filed an affidavit in support of its motion to
quash service. Following a hearing on Ken-Mo's motion to quash
service, the court denied Ken-Mo's motion, finding that it had
jurisdiction under sections 2-209(a)(7) and (c) of the Civil
Practice Law (735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(7), (c) (West 1994)). The court
also gave Ken-Mo approximately 25 days to file its answer to MFA's
third-party claim. Subsequently, Ken-Mo filed a request to certify
the trial court's order dismissing its motion to quash service as
a final and appealable order under Supreme Court Rule 308(a) (155
Ill. 2d R. 308(a)), so that Ken-Mo could file an appeal. The trial
court denied Ken-Mo's request for certification and ordered Ken-Mo
to respond to the third-party complaint within 14 days. Ken-Mo
then filed an answer as ordered, and the case proceeded. Following
a bench trial, the court held that Presley was entitled to damages
in the amount of $44,913.60 from P & S, that P & S was entitled to
damages of $60,396.07 from Presley under its counterclaim, that
P & S was entitled to damages in the amount of $44,913.60 from MFA
on its third-party complaint, and that MFA was entitled to damages
in the amount of $44,913.60 from Ken-Mo under its third-party claim
against Ken-Mo for indemnification. It is from this order that MFA
and Ken-Mo appeal.
ANALYSIS
Two issues have been raised regarding the jurisdiction of the
trial court. Because we deem the disposition of these issues
crucial to the disposition of this appeal, we consider these issues
first.
1. Lack of in personam jurisdiction.
Ken-Mo asserts that the trial court did not have in personam
jurisdiction under either the long-arm statute or the due process
requirements of the Illinois or the United States Constitutions.
Ken-Mo makes this assertion because the contract for the sale of
the soybean seeds, which is the basis of the action in Illinois,
was formed and executed in Missouri between two Missouri residents.
In its motion to quash and in the attached affidavit by Snipes,
Ken-Mo established that Ken-Mo is a Missouri corporation formed
under the laws of Missouri with its principal place of business in
Kennett, Missouri. Ken-Mo is not licensed to do business in
Illinois and is not registered as a foreign corporation in
Illinois. Ken-Mo has not transacted any business in Illinois, it
does not maintain a place of business in Illinois, and it has no
officers, agents, or employees in Illinois. Ken-Mo does not
advertise for or solicit any business in Illinois. Ken-Mo shipped
seeds to Illinois, but the delivery was requested and paid for by
MFA. MFA argues that the court had jurisdiction over Ken-Mo
because Ken-Mo waived jurisdiction when Ken-Mo entered its general
appearance or, alternatively, the court has jurisdiction under the
long-arm statute.
We disagree with MFA that Ken-Mo waived its jurisdictional
argument when it entered its general appearance and filed its
answer to the third-party complaint. Initially, Ken-Mo filed a
special and limited appearance for the sole purpose of contesting
the court's jurisdiction over it. The court denied Ken-Mo's motion
to quash service and ordered Ken-Mo to answer the complaint by
November 14, 1994. Instead, Ken-Mo filed a request to certify the
court's order denying Ken-Mo's motion to quash service as a final
and appealable order so that Ken-Mo might appeal the court's
decision. We construe this action as another special and limited
appearance by Ken-Mo to continue to contest the court's in personam
jurisdiction, as Ken-Mo continued to argue that it was not amenable
to process in Illinois. The trial court denied Ken-Mo's motion to
certify. Only after Ken-Mo had utilized these arguments to contest
the court's jurisdiction over it, and the trial court continued to
direct Ken-Mo to answer the complaint, did Ken-Mo file a general
appearance by filing a motion to dismiss MFA's third-party claim
for indemnification. Ken-Mo did not waive its objection to
jurisdiction, since Ken-Mo did not participate in the Williamson
County proceedings until the court had denied its motion to quash
service and its request for certification. These actions preserved
Ken-Mo's jurisdictional objection. See In re Marriage of Schuham,
120 Ill. App. 3d 339 (1983).
Further, section 2-301(c) of the Civil Practice Law provides
in pertinent part as follows:
"(c) *** Error in ruling against the defendant on
the objection [to jurisdiction] is waived by the
defendant's taking part in further proceedings in the
case, unless the objection is on the ground that the
defendant is not amenable to process issued by a court of
this State." (Emphasis added.) 735 ILCS 5/2-301(c)
(West 1994).
Here, Ken-Mo did everything in its power to object to the court's
jurisdiction, and each time its objection was denied by the court.
Ken-Mo made it clear that it was challenging the process issued by
a court of this State. Therefore, even though Ken-Mo participated
in the trial below, it was only after it had no further recourse.
We find that the exception provided in section 2-301(c) applies to
these facts, and Ken-Mo has not waived its objection to
jurisdiction.
Next, it must be determined whether Ken-Mo was subject to the
court's jurisdiction under the long-arm statute (735 ILCS 5/2-209
(West 1994)). The trial court determined it had in personam
jurisdiction based upon sections 2-209(a)(7) and 2-209(c) of the
Civil Practice Law. These sections of the long-arm statute provide
as follows:
"(a) Any person, whether or not a citizen or
resident of this State, who in person or through an agent
does any of the acts hereinafter enumerated, thereby
submits *** to the jurisdiction of the courts of this
State as to any cause of action arising from the doing of
any such acts:
* * *
(7) The making or performance of any contract or
promise substantially connected with this State.
* * *
(c) A court may also exercise jurisdiction on any
other basis now or hereafter permitted by the Illinois
Constitution and the Constitution of the United States."
735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(7), (c) (West 1994).
Under the foregoing statute, a court acquires in personam
jurisdiction over a nonresident if certain acts happen.
In the cases we have reviewed, it appears that section
2-209(a)(7) is generally linked and considered in conjunction with
section 2-209(a)(1) (735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(1) (West 1994)). See E.A.
Cox Co. v. Road Savers International Corp., 271 Ill. App. 3d 144
(1995); Swissland Packing Co. v. Cox, 255 Ill. App. 3d 942 (1994).
In both E.A. Cox Co. and Swissland Packing Co., the nonresident
defendants entered into contracts with Illinois residents, and both
defendants negotiated contracts wherein the performance of the
contracts involved delivery of goods, employees coming into
Illinois to train Illinois personnel, and other contacts.
The facts of the instant case are distinguishable from these
two cases. Of crucial importance to this court is that the
defendants in the E.A. Cox Co. and Swissland Packing Co. cases
entered into contracts with Illinois residents. Neither MFA nor
Ken-Mo is an Illinois resident. MFA does not argue that Ken-Mo
transacted business in Illinois, but MFA only contends that the
delivery of the seed was a sufficient connection with Illinois to
bring Ken-Mo under Illinois's jurisdiction through use of the long-
arm statute. Ken-Mo argues that the contract, the purchase of
soybean seeds, which is the basis of the cause of action here, was
a Missouri contract entered into between two Missouri residents
and, therefore, there was no making or performance of a contract
substantially connected with Illinois. We agree with Ken-Mo. The
only action between MFA and Ken-Mo that was connected to Illinois
was the delivery of the seeds to P & S. It was not the delivery of
the seeds that formed the basis of this lawsuit. Further, Ken-Mo
delivered the seed to P & S only because MFA's trucks were
unavailable. MFA paid for the delivery. This does not provide a
contract with a substantial connection, either in formation or
performance, to Illinois. Thus, we find that Ken-Mo was not
subject to section 2-209(a)(7) of the long-arm statute. 735 ILCS
5/2-209(a)(7) (West 1994).
Additionally, we find that section 2-209(c) does not provide
the trial court with in personam jurisdiction. Section 2-209(c) of
the long-arm statute has been held to be coextensive with due
process. Pilipauskas v. Yakel, 258 Ill. App. 3d 47 (1994). Where
the due process requirements of either the Illinois Constitution or
the United States Constitution are not met, section 2-209(c) will
not create in personam jurisdiction. Ill. Const. 1970, art. I,
section 2; U.S. Const., amend. XIV. Here, we find that the court
did not have jurisdiction over Ken-Mo based upon due process.
The due process clause requires at least minimum contacts with
the forum so that the maintenance of a suit and the rendering of a
judgment in personam against a nonresident does not offend
traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.
Pilipauskas, 258 Ill. App. 3d 47; Financial Management Services,
Inc. v. Sibilsky & Sibilsky, Inc., 130 Ill. App. 3d 826 (1985).
The minimum contacts must show that a defendant purposefully
availed itself of the privilege of conducting activities in the
forum State, thereby invoking the benefits and the protections of
its laws. Financial Management Services, Inc., 130 Ill. App. 3d
826. Factors to consider in determining minimal contacts are the
nature of the business transaction, the applicability of Illinois
law, the contemplation of the parties, who initiated the agreement,
where the contract is formed, and where it is to be performed.
Financial Management Services, Inc., 130 Ill. App. 3d 826.
When these factors are considered in this case, it is evident
that there are almost no minimal contacts by Ken-Mo with Illinois.
Therefore, the trial court had no in personam jurisdiction over
Ken-Mo under the due process clause or under section 2-209(c) of
the long-arm statute, and we reverse the trial court's ruling on
this issue. Since a judgment entered by a court without
jurisdiction of the parties is void (J.C. Penney Co., Inc. v. West,
114 Ill. App. 3d 644 (1983)), the trial court's judgment against
Ken-Mo is void, and we vacate that portion of the court's order
awarding damages to MFA from Ken-Mo in the amount of $44,913.60.
Because of our ruling on this issue, we need not consider any of
the remaining issues raised by Ken-Mo.
2. Lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
Next, MFA contends that the trial court lacked subject matter
jurisdiction under the Seed Arbitration Act (the Act) (710 ILCS
25/1 et seq. (West 1994)), and that the court misconstrued section
10 of the Act (710 ILCS 25/10 (West 1994)) when it determined that
the Act provides "an additional remedy and/or a limitation on civil
suits." P & S argues that if the Act is not construed as the court
determined, then the Act is unconstitutional. This issue appears
to be a case of first impression.
MFA argues that section 10 of the Act requires a purchaser of
seed to first seek arbitration under the Act before a civil lawsuit
may be filed, that arbitration is a precondition for filing its
lawsuit, and that the trial court did not have subject matter
jurisdiction because the Act requires arbitration before bringing
suit, which P & S did not do. Section 10 of the Act provides as
follows:
"(a) A purchaser of seed cannot maintain a civil
action against the seller for failure of the seed to
produce or perform (i) as represented by a label attached
to the seed or furnished under the Illinois Seed Law, ***
unless the buyer has first submitted the claim to
arbitration." 710 ILCS 25/10 (West 1994).
MFA argues that the word "cannot" in the statute mandates
arbitration by the purchaser of seed before a civil action can be
brought. We disagree.
Our analysis involves the statutory construction of section 10
of the Act. In construing a statute, the primary rule is to
ascertain and give effect to the true intent of the legislature,
and to do so, the first consideration is the statutory language
itself. In re Estate of Wallis, 276 Ill. App. 3d 1053 (1995). If
the language is clear, no resort to other aids of construction is
necessary. Estate of Wallis, 276 Ill. App. 3d 1053. If the
statute is susceptible of more than one interpretation, the court
may look to other aids, such as the purpose to be served by the
statute. D.C. v. S.A., 283 Ill. App. 3d 693 (1996), appeal
allowed, 169 Ill. 2d 565, 675 N.E.2d 632 (1996). Courts should
avoid construing a statute in a manner that raises substantial
questions concerning the statute's constitutional validity.
Turner v. Campagna, 281 Ill. App. 3d 1090 (1996). Additionally,
courts should construe a statute so as to avoid an absurd result or
hardship. Szpila v. Burke, 279 Ill. App. 3d 964 (1996).
Here, we find the trial court's interpretation of section 10
of the Act to be correct, for otherwise an absurd result is
produced or the Act is unconstitutional, neither result being
favored under statutory construction principles. We find that the
word "cannot" used in section 10 is directory rather than
mandatory. Just as the word "shall" in a statute must be
considered in context to determine if the provision is mandatory or
directory (see Estate of Wallis, 276 Ill. App. 3d 1053), so, too,
must the word "cannot" in this case. Where a statute provides that
certain acts are to be done in a particular time and a particular
manner and does not declare their performance to be essential to
the validity of a proceeding, then the statute is directory.
Estate of Wallis, 276 Ill. App. 3d 1053. If a statute requires
certain acts to be done and if the statute also provides a result
following the failure to do those acts, then the statute is
mandatory; otherwise, if the statute provides no result for the
failure to do the acts, the statute is directory. In re Special
Education Placement of Walker, 107 Ill. App. 3d 1053 (1982). Here,
the Act does not declare that the failure to arbitrate a dispute
over a seed label will invalidate a court proceeding, nor does the
Act state what results will follow if a party fails to arbitrate.
The most the Act provides is that the arbitration findings will be
nonbinding on the parties, which provides no recourse (710 ILCS
25/70 (West 1994)), and that the refusal to participate in an
arbitration will not constitute a defense in a court proceeding
(710 ILCS 25/60 (West 1994)). Thus, we find that the word "cannot"
is directory and not mandatory, and the failure to arbitrate under
the Act does not divest the court of subject matter jurisdiction.
Further, although not a principle of statutory construction,
we find that the placement of the Act in the compiled statutes
reinforces our decision. The Act appears in chapter 710 entitled
"Alternative Dispute Resolution." The word "alternative" is
defined in the dictionary as "offering a choice of two or more
things." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 63 (1993).
By this definition, the placement of the Act implies that
arbitration is a choice, not a requirement. For the foregoing
reasons, we find that the trial court ruled correctly in finding
that it had subject matter jurisdiction and that the Act provides
merely an additional remedy, or an alternative dispute resolution
procedure.
3. Limitation of liability.
The last issue to be considered is whether the court's refusal
to construe the limitation-of-liability provision in MFA's sales
order form as a term of the contract between P & S and MFA is
against the manifest weight of the evidence. See Emmenegger
Construction Co. v. King, 103 Ill. App. 3d 423 (1982). MFA argues
that the sales order form was the only writing evidencing the terms
of the contract with P & S, that the Uniform Commercial Code allows
for an agreed limitation of liability in a contract (810 ILCS 5/2-
719(a) (West 1992)), and that the limitation-of-liability provision
here must be upheld.
We agree with MFA that the Uniform Commercial Code allows for
a limitation of liability; however, the court herein did not rule
that a limitation of liability cannot apply--it ruled that the
limitation-of-liability provision was not a term of the contract
entered into by P & S and MFA. Thus, our review is governed by
contract principles.
The essential elements needed for a valid contract are
competent parties, valid subject matter, legal consideration,
mutuality of obligation, and mutuality of agreement. Harris v.
Johnson, 218 Ill. App. 3d 588 (1991). The mutuality of an
agreement is the mutual assent by the parties to its terms, and the
failure of the parties to agree or to discuss an essential term of
a contract may indicate that the required mutual assent is lacking.
Delcon Group, Inc. v. Northern Trust Corp., 187 Ill. App. 3d 635
(1989). Here, we find that the mutuality of agreement to limit
liability to the purchase price of the seeds was not present.
Both Waldron and Spickert testified that the parties only
discussed on the phone the amount of seed needed and the purchase
price. Following their phone conversation, MFA executed the oral
contract by finding and having the seeds sent to P & S. P & S
received the sales order form around the same time as or after the
seeds were received. According to Waldron, P & S ordered
approximately a million dollars worth of products from MFA a year,
and Waldron was unaware of a policy or of a contract provision
which would limit MFA's liability to the purchase price of the
seeds. Clearly, P & S never agreed to a term wherein MFA would be
liable only for this amount. It appears that the only purpose of
the sales order form was to confirm the amount of seed ordered and
the agreed price for the seed. These matters were initially an
oral agreement made at the time of the placement of the original
order. The trial court's finding that the limitation of liability
provision was not a term of the contract was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Williamson
County circuit court is affirmed in part and vacated in part.
Affirmed in part; vacated in part.
MAAG, J., and RARICK, J., concur.
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