NOTICE Decision filed 07/31/03. The text of this decision may be changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for Rehearing or the disposition of the same. |
MARGARET SZCZEBLEWSKI and JOSEPH MYERS, a Minor, by Margaret Szczeblewski, His Mother and Next Friend, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. JEFFREY GOSSETT, Deendant-Appellee. | ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) | Appeal from the Circuit Court of Perry County. No. 01-L-7 Honorable |
JUSTICE DONOVAN delivered the opinion of the court:
This interlocutory appeal, pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 308 (155 Ill. 2dR. 308), involves three certified questions regarding the proper interpretation and applicationof Supreme Court Rule 216 (134 Ill. 2d R. 216). In particular, we are asked to determine:
1. Whether the causal connection to the occurrence, the reasonableness andnecessity of the medical services, and the reasonableness of the cost ofmedical services are facts susceptible to admission or denial within themeaning of Supreme Court Rule 216.
2. Whether the knowledge of defendants' attorneys and insurers regarding thecausal connection to the occurrence, the reasonableness and necessity of themedical services, and the reasonableness of the cost of medical services arefacts imputable to defendants for purposes of Supreme Court Rule 216.
3. Whether a defendant responding to requests for the admission of facts as setforth above is required to seek to avail himself of the knowledge of hisattorneys and/or insurers before making a claim of insufficient knowledge toadmit or deny.
We answer question 1 in the affirmative and combine questions 2 and 3 into one inquiry andanswer it in the affirmative.
Initially, we note that discovery orders are not appealable under Rule 308. People exrel. Scott v. Silverstein, 87 Ill. 2d 167, 171, 429 N.E.2d 483, 485 (1981); Voss v. LincolnMall Management Co., 166 Ill. App. 3d 442, 452, 519 N.E.2d 1056, 1063 (1988). Nevertheless, a distinction exists between questions of law regarding the scope of discoveryand questions regarding particular discovery. Questions of law are reviewable under Rule308, whereas discovery orders are not. Bass v. Cincinnati, Inc., 180 Ill. App. 3d 1076, 1078,536 N.E.2d 831, 832 (1989). The questions that which have been certified for our revieware questions of law regarding the scope of discovery. We turn then to the questions certifiedfor review.
This case arises out of the claims of Margaret Szczeblewski and Joseph Myers againstJeffrey Gossett as a result of a rear-end collision on October 26, 2000. Plaintiffs' complaintwas filed March 26, 2001. Defendant's answer, denying the existence of a collision,negligence on the part of the defendant, or injury to either plaintiff, was filed April 5, 2001. After discovery depositions of the parties, defendant's admission of liability was filed June12, 2001. Medical records and bills pertaining to both plaintiffs were provided to thedefense June 1, 2001, and thereafter, plaintiffs voluntarily provided to the defenseauthorizations for medical records. Plaintiffs' first and second requests for the admission offacts pertaining to medical services and bills were filed August 29, 2001.
Each plaintiff's request for the admission of facts had attached the medical providers'bills involved, and with the exception of differences in the date, amount, and identity of theservice provider, each paragraph of the requests for the admission of facts was in thefollowing form:
"a. That the attached bill dated October 26, 2000, in the amount of $501, fromMarshall Browning Hospital, 900 North Washington, DuQuoin, Illinois, representscharges for services which were reasonable and necessary treatment for conditionsoccurring as a result of the occurrence which is the subject of the instant suit.
b. That the charges on the attached bill dated October 26, 2000, in the amountof $501, from Marshall Browning Hospital, are fair and reasonable charges for theservices performed."
Each subparagraph (a) and (b) of defendant's responses uniformly stated as follows:
"*** This defendant can neither admit or [sic] deny Request for Admission ofFact *** in that it requires him to give a medical opinion which he is not qualified todo. Defendant has insufficient knowledge to admit or deny."
Defendant verified his responses to each of plaintiffs' requests for the admission offacts as "true and correct to the best of his knowledge and belief."
Plaintiffs' motion to compel was filed November 21, 2001. A listing of the medicalrecords, reports, statements, and receipts provided to the defense up to the date of the hearingwas attached as an exhibit to plaintiffs' motion to compel.
On May 31, 2002, the trial court heard arguments on the motion to compel. On June13, it entered its order, with findings pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 308, denying plaintiffs'motion to compel. We granted plaintiffs' application for leave to appeal on July 25, 2002.
Question 1 addresses whether a Rule 216 request to admit can be used to establish thecausal connection between a defendant's conduct and a plaintiff's injuries, the necessity andreasonableness of the medical services received by that plaintiff, and the reasonableness ofthe cost of the medical services received by that plaintiff.
The Illinois Supreme Court's decision in P.R.S. International, Inc. v. Shred Pax Corp.,184 Ill. 2d 224, 703 N.E.2d 71 (1998), holds the key. According to the holding in P.R.S.International, Inc., a party's failure to respond to a request for admissions may be deemedan admission if the request relates to " 'disputed ultimate facts' " or " 'any contested factsneeded to establish one's case or defense.' " P.R.S. International, Inc., 184 Ill. 2d at 233, 703N.E.2d at 75 (quoting P.R.S. International, Inc. v. Shred Pax Corp., 292 Ill. App. 3d 956,963, 686 N.E.2d 1214, 1219 (1997)). The court explained the language of Rule 216 allowingrequests for the admission " 'of the truth of any specified relevant fact.' " (Emphasisomitted.) P.R.S. International, Inc., 184 Ill. 2d at 236, 703 N.E.2d at 77 (quoting 134 Ill. 2dR. 216(a)). The court then stated: "[W]hether a fact is an 'ultimate' fact is irrelevant forpurposes of this rule. The key question is whether a requested admission deals with aquestion of fact. Accordingly, requests for legal conclusions are improper; however, requestsfor admissions of factual questions which might give rise to legal conclusions are notimproper." (Emphasis in original.) P.R.S. International, Inc., 184 Ill. 2d at 236, 703 N.E.2dat 77. A defendant's conduct as the cause of the occurrence, the necessity andreasonableness of the medical services a plaintiff received to treat his or her injuries, and thereasonable cost of the medical services received are all facts that are proper subjects for aRule 216 request to admit. See Hubeny v. Chairse, 305 Ill. App. 3d 1038, 1043-45, 713N.E.2d 222, 225-26 (1999).
The remaining two questions deal with whether a party is required to avail himself ofthe knowledge of his attorneys or agents before admitting, denying, or making a claim ofinsufficient knowledge to admit or deny a request to admit.
Supreme Court Rule 216 states in relevant part:
"(a) Request for Admission of Fact. A party may serve on any other party awritten request for the admission by the latter of the truth of any specified relevantfact set forth in the request.
***
(c) Admission in the Absence of Denial. Each of the matters of fact and thegenuineness of each document of which admission is requested is admitted unless,within 28 days after service thereof, the party to whom the request is directed servesupon the party requesting the admission either (1) a sworn statement denyingspecifically the matters of which admission is requested or setting forth in detail thereasons why he cannot truthfully admit or deny those matters or (2) written objectionson the ground that some or all of the requested admissions are privileged or irrelevantor that the request is otherwise improper in whole or in part. If written objections toa part of the request are made, the remainder of the request shall be answered withinthe period designated in the request. A denial shall fairly meet the substance of therequested admission. If good faith requires that a party deny only a part, or requiresqualification, of a matter of which an admission is requested, he shall specify so muchof it as is true and deny only the remainder. Any objection to a request or to ananswer shall be heard by the court upon prompt notice and motion of the partymaking the request." (Emphasis added.) 134 Ill. 2d R. 216(a), (c).
In interpreting a supreme court rule, we are to apply the same principles ofconstruction that apply to a statute. In re Estate of Rennick, 181 Ill. 2d 395, 404-05, 692N.E.2d 1150, 1155 (1998). As the Illinois Supreme Court has stated:
"Our goal is to ascertain and give effect to the intention of the drafters of the rule. [Citation.] The most reliable indicator of intent is the language used, which shouldbe given its plain and ordinary meaning. [Citation.] Where the language is clear andunambiguous, we must apply the language used without further aids of construction. [Citation.]" In re Estate of Rennick, 181 Ill. 2d at 404-05, 692 N.E.2d at 1155.
The purpose of a request to admit is not to discover facts but, rather, to establish someof the material facts in a case without the necessity of formal proof at trial. P.R.S.International, Inc., 184 Ill. 2d at 237, 703 N.E.2d at 77. The proper use of requests to admitresults in a substantial savings of time and expense, both for the parties and the court. Branch Banking & Trust Co. v. Deutz-Allis Corp., 120 F.R.D. 655, 657 (E.D.N.C. 1988).
In deciding a party's duty under Rule 216, we are guided by how Supreme Court Rule213 (166 Ill. 2d R. 213) ("Written Interrogatories to Parties") has been construed. Rule 213has been interpreted "to require a party to answer fully and in good faith to the extent of hisactual knowledge and the information available to him or to his attorney." Singer v. Treat,145 Ill. App. 3d 585, 592, 495 N.E.2d 1264, 1268 (1986) (citing Brandon v. DeBusk, 85 Ill.App. 3d 645, 647, 407 N.E.2d 193, 195 (1980)). Comparably, Rule 36 of the Federal Rulesof Civil Procedure (Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)) ("Request for Admission") explicitly requires asfollows: "An answering party may not give lack of information or knowledge as a reason forfailure to admit or deny unless the party states that the party has made reasonable inquiry andthat the information known or readily obtainable by the party is insufficient to enable theparty to admit or deny."
To ensure that the laudable purpose of Rule 216 is accomplished, a party has a good-faith obligation to make a reasonable effort to secure answers to requests to admit frompersons and documents within the responding party's reasonable control. In this case thatwould include the defendant's attorney and insurance company investigators orrepresentatives. We believe that this finding reflects the long-accepted practice of trialattorneys in the courts of Illinois.
On remand, the trial court shall allow the defendant an additional 28 days to amendhis answers to plaintiffs' requests to admit if, after considering this opinion, defendantbelieves that he is required to modify his previous answers.
This cause is remanded with directions for further proceedings consistent with thisopinion.
Certified questions answered; cause remanded with directions.
CHAPMAN and KUEHN, JJ., concur.