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MICCOL ENTERPRISES, INC.                                                           *   NO. 2012-CA-0864
VERSUS                                                                             *
                                                                                       COURT OF APPEAL
THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS                                                            *
                                                                                       FOURTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                   *
                                                                                       STATE OF LOUISIANA
                                                                                   *
APPEAL FROM
CIVIL DISTRICT COURT, ORLEANS PARISH
NO. 2012-0002, DIVISION “D-16”
Honorable Lloyd J. Medley, Judge
Judge Rosemary Ledet
(Court composed of Chief Judge Charles R. Jones, Judge Max N. Tobias, Jr., Judge
Rosemary Ledet)
Regel L. Bisso
BISSO & MILLER, L.L.C.
Favrot & Shane Building
3925 N. I-10 Service Road W, Suite 227
Metairie, LA 70002
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE
Miles L. Granderson, Assistant City Attorney
Tammie T. Jackson, Assistant City Attorney
Sharonda R. Williams, Chief of Litigation
Richard F. Cortizas, City Attorney
City of New Orleans
1300 Perdido Street
City Hall - Room 5E03
New Orleans, LA 70112
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT
AFFIRMED
DECEMBER 19, 2012




In this case, both the defendant, City of New Orleans (“the City”), and the
plaintiff, Miccol Enterprises, Inc. (“Miccol”), filed motions for summary judgment
seeking to resolve the issue of whether the administrative judgment of blight and
public nuisance against Miccol is a valid judgment or a nullity.  The district court
granted Miccol‟s motion for summary judgment and denied the City‟s cross
motion for summary judgment, finding that the original “Notice of Violation and
Hearing Notice” issued by the City to Miccol and all subsequent proceedings, to be
null and void.  The City appealed.  For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On June 10, 2010, an inspector with the City‟s Code Enforcement Bureau
found alleged unoccupied property code violations at 2200 Ursulines Ave., New
Orleans, LA 70119 (“the Property”), owned by Miccol.  The City sent Miccol a
“Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice”, dated July 30, 2010, apprising Miccol
of the administrative hearing scheduled for September 14, 2010 regarding the
alleged violations of Chapter 28 of the City Code of Ordinances.
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At the September 14, 2010 hearing Miccol was granted an extension; and the
hearing was rescheduled to October 27, 2010.  Following the administrative
hearing on October 27, 2010, judgment was rendered and Miccol received notice
of the administrative judgment, signed November 5, 2010, which stated that
Miccol was found “guilty of the violations charged on June 10, 2010…” declaring
the property blighted and a public nuisance.  The judgment assessed a fine of
$500.00 as a result of the violation, a $75.00 hearing cost, and a $30.00 recordation
fee.  The judgment further stated that failure to remit $575.00, plus the recordation
costs, a total of $605.00, and correct the violation within thirty days from the date
of the administrative judgment, would result in the judgment being recorded
against the property, which would constitute a lien.
Miccol paid the City $605.00, which was received by the City on December
17, 2010.  The City sent Miccol a “Notice of Fines Received,” dated December 20,
2010, as receipt of the $605.00.  The notice stated that in order to receive an
affidavit to cancel the lien, Miccol would need to bring the property into
compliance with Chapter 28, or to the terms stated in the renovation letter.1
On May 12, 2011, the City filed a writ of fieri facias in the amount of
$9,575.00.  However the court issued a writ in the amount of $575.00, which is the
fine for the violation and hearing cost assessed in the November 5, 2010 judgment.
On January 3, 2012, Miccol filed the petition for the instant action.  The sale
of Miccol‟s property was scheduled for January 10, 2012.  However, Miccol‟s
1 Miccol asserts in its petition that it never received a “renovation letter.”
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petition requested a rule to show cause as to why a preliminary injunction should
not be issued restraining the City from interfering with Miccol‟s possession and
enjoyment of its property, and staying the sale of his property.  The rule for
preliminary injunction was held; and a judgment was issued on January 10, 2012,
staying the sale of Miccol‟s property.
On February 6, 2012, Miccol filed a motion for summary judgment asserting
that the administrative judgment signed November 5, 2010 against Miccol is null.
Miccol asserts that the original “Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice” issued by
the City did not include language specified in Sec. 28-39(d) of the City Code of
New Orleans, which the City does not dispute.2  Sec. 28-39(d) states:
The notice shall state that the owner or alleged violator shall
have seven days from the postmark date to respond in writing to
request an extension of time prior to an administrative enforcement
hearing to bring the unoccupied property within compliance with the
Code. The notice may include any such materials as provided by the
director to describe the process and criteria for applying for and being
granted said extension of time.
In response, the City filed its own motion for summary judgment, which also
served as its opposition to Miccol‟s summary judgment.  On March 30, 2012, a
hearing was held on both parties‟ motions for summary judgment.  The matter was
taken under advisement and a judgment was rendered on April 17, 2012, granting
Miccol‟s motion for summary judgment and denying the City‟s cross motion for
summary judgment.  Subsequently, the City requested written reasons for the
judgment.  On April 30, 2012, the district court judge issued its reasons for
2 Miccol‟s Memorandum in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment asserts in its Facts and Statement of the Case
that the “Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice” issued by the City did not include a list of violations; rather it
attached an inspection report that did not mention the alleged Chapter 28 violations, which is disputed by the City.
However, this assertion was not urged in support of Miccol‟s argument for summary judgment to the district court.
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judgment, which stated that “[t]he Court adopts in toto Plaintiff Miccol
Enterprises, Inc.‟s Memorandum in Support of their Motion for Summary
Judgment.”  The instant appeal, filed by the City, followed.
The City‟s appeal assigns several assignments of error which we have
grouped into the following four categories: 1) the district court erred in finding that
Miccol did not receive proper notice prior to the October 27, 2012 hearing where a
final judgment was rendered based on the City‟s initial failure to inform Miccol of
its right to request an extension when, in fact, Miccol was notified of the City‟s
willingness to allow an extension and was granted a forty-three day extension; 2)
the district court erred in allowing Miccol to raise the claim of nullity based on
defective notice because Miccol waived the ability to do so by making a general
appearance at two hearings; 3) the district court erred by granting Miccol‟s motion
for summary judgment finding that the administrative judgment to be null and void
for defect patent on the face of the proceedings and denying the City‟s motion for
summary judgment; 4) the district court erred in adopting Miccol‟s Memorandum
in Support of its Motions for Summary Judgment in toto despite legal and factual
errors therein.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The summary judgment procedure is designed to secure the just,
speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action.  Brunet v. Fullmer,
00-0644, p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 1/10/01), 777 So.2d 1240, 1241 (citing La.
C.C.P. art. 966(A)(2)).  The procedure is favored and shall be construed to
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accomplish these ends.  Id.  When an appellate court reviews a district court
judgment on a motion for summary judgment, it applies the de novo standard
of review, “using the same criteria that govern the trial court's consideration
of whether summary judgment is appropriate”, such as, “whether there is a
genuine issue of material fact and whether the mover is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.”  Gray v. American Nat’l Prop. & Cas. Co., 07-1670, p. 6
(La. 2/26/08), 977 So.2d 839, 844 (quoting  Supreme Serv. & Specialty Co.,
Inc. v. Sonny Greer, Inc., 06-1827, p. 4 (La. 5/22/07), 958 So.2d 634, 638).
The moving party has the burden of establishing that there are no
genuine issues of material fact. Williams v. Memorial Medical Center, 03-
1806, p. 14 (La. App. 4 Cir. 3/17/04), 870 So.2d 1044, 1053 (citing La.
C.C.P. art. 966(C)(2)).  However, if the dispositive issue is one on which the
nonmoving party will bear the burden of proof at trial, then the moving party
is not required to negate every essential element of the nonmoving party's
claim.  Id.  The moving party may satisfy its burden merely by “pointing
out” the absence of support for one or more essential elements of the
nonmoving party's claim.  Id.  quoting Lee v. Wall, 31,468, 31,469, p. 3 (La.
App. 2 Cir. 1/20/99), 726 So.2d 1044, 1046.
DISCUSSION
We will first address the City‟s assertion that the district court erred in
finding that Miccol did not receive proper notice prior to the October 27,
2012 hearing where a final judgment was rendered based on the City‟s initial
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failure to inform Miccol of its right to request an extension.  The City asserts
that Miccol was notified of the City‟s willingness to allow an extension and
was granted a forty-three day extension.
Central to the instant appeal, Miccol‟s motion for summary judgment
asserts that the notice sent by the City, apprising Miccol of the alleged
violation and of the September 14, 2010 hearing, did not state that Miccol
could request an extension prior to an administrative enforcement hearing to
bring the unoccupied property into compliance as required by Sec. 28-39(d)
of the City Code of New Orleans.  As stated, the City does not contest
Miccol‟s assertion.  However, the City argues that the September 14, 2010
hearing should not be the central focus of this Court but rather the October
27, 2010 hearing at which judgment was rendered.  The City asserts that at
the September 14, 2010 hearing, the parties discussed the condition of the
property; Miccol was verbally notified of the availability of the extension;
and Miccol was granted an extension to October 27, 2010.  The City
attached an audio file of the September 14, 2010 hearing as an exhibit to its
appellate brief.  However, Miccol objects to the use of the audio file of the
September 14, 2010 hearing because it was never introduced into evidence
in the district court, and it is therefore not a part of the record on appeal.
A court of appeal is a court of record, which must limit its review to
evidence in the record before it. Miller v. Crescent City Health Care Center,
08-1347, p. 7 (La. App. 4 Cir. 5/28/09), 24 So.3d 891, 898 (Tobias, J.,
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concurring in part and dissenting in part) (citing La. C.C.P. art. 2164).  The
record on appeal is that which is sent by the trial court to the appellate court
and includes the pleadings, court minutes, transcript, judgments and other
rulings, unless otherwise designated.  Bd. of Directors of Indus. Dev. Bd. of
City of New Orleans v. All Taxpayers, Property Owners, Citizens of the City
of New Orleans, 08-0826, p. 4 (La. App. 4 Cir. 5/29/03), 848 So.2d 740, 744
(citing La. C.C.P. arts. 2127 and 2128).  An appellate court cannot review
evidence that is not in the record on appeal and cannot receive new
evidence.  Id.  Thus, Louisiana courts have consistently held that the
appellate briefs or motions of parties and attachments thereto are not a part
of the record on appeal; and this Court has no authority to consider on
appeal facts referred to therein, or in exhibits attached thereto, if those facts
are not in the record on appeal. Id.
A review of the record reflects that the audio file of the September 14,
2010 hearing was not submitted to the district court, and was not considered
in the district court‟s ruling; thus, it is not considered a part of the record on
appeal and facts referred to therein cannot be considered by this Court.  This
Court is limited to the notice dated July 30, 2010 apprising Miccol of the
alleged violation and of the September 14, 2010 hearing, which did not
include the provision specified by Sec. 28-39(d) of the City Code of New
Orleans.  Therefore, we find that the district court did not err in finding that
Miccol did not receive proper notice prior to the October 27, 2012 hearing
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where a final judgment was rendered based on the City‟s initial failure to
inform Miccol of its right to request an extension.
The City also argues that the district court erred in allowing Miccol to
raise the claim of nullity based on defective notice.  The City asserts that
Miccol‟s claim was waived by making a general appearance at two hearings,
and arguing the case on the merits.  The City notes that Miccol‟s officer and
registered agent, Roger Smith, attended both the September 14, 2010 hearing
and the October 27, 2010 hearing.
The City cites Strickland v. Board of Sup’rs of Louisiana State
University and Agr. and Mechanical College, 432 So.2d 964 (La. App. 4th
Cir. 1983), which held that a respondent waives service of a motion if he
makes a general appearance at the hearing on the motion, and argues the
motion on its merits.  In Strickland, the appellant argued that the granting of
appellees‟ motions for summary judgment was invalid because he did not
receive the requisite ten-day notice prior to the hearing as required by La.
C.C.P. art. 966.  This Court‟s holding in Strickland proposes that the
mandatory timing requirement of Article 966(A) can be waived when the
circumstances indicate that the opponent acquiesced in the violation of the
timing requirement, and the opponent is not prejudiced by that violation.
Irons v. U.S. Bank, Inc., 07-0570, p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 8/14/07), 966 So.2d
646, 648.
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The City also cites to Bradley v. Theus, 28,714 (La. App. 2 Cir.
2/20/96), 668 So.2d 1304, which was a case concerning the objection to the
candidacy of a mayoral aspirant.  The appellant in Bradley raised several
exceptions in the trial court including: insufficiency of citation, insufficiency
of service of process, and nonconformity of the petition with the
requirements of La. C.C.P. Art. 891.  The Court in Bradley held that all three
exceptions were impliedly waived by the appellant‟s general appearance.
Bradley, 28,714, at p. 8, 668 So.2d at 1309.
However, Miccol distinguishes the circumstances presented in the instant
case from those presented in Strickland, in that Miccol does not except to service
of process; rather it asserts that the proceedings and the resultant judgment are a
nullity because the original notice was illegal.  Miccol notes that service of process
is defined as “the formal delivery of a writ, summons or other legal process.”
BLACKS LAW DICTIONARY (8th ed. 2004).  Miccol does not except to the
timing or method of delivery of the “Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice”
issued by the City, but rather that the notice did not comply with the requirements
of Sec. 28-39 of the City Code of New Orleans.  Miccol further argues that if the
notice does not comply with the requirements set forth in the City‟s own
ordinance, then it is not merely insufficient service, but illegal.  What distinguishes
the Strickland and Bradley cases from the instant case is that Miccol is not
excepting to the sufficiency or method of delivery the “Notice of Violation and
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Hearing Notice;” rather Miccol is asserting that the agency proceedings were
defective and the resulting judgment is null.
Absolutely null judgments may be attacked collaterally, at any time, by rule
or by any other method.  Hebert v. Hebert, 96-2155, p. 3 (La. App. 1 Cir. 9/19/97),
700 So.2d 958, 959.  Specific vices of form that render a judgment absolutely null
are provided in La. C.C.P. art. 2002, which is an exclusive list.  Id.  However,
Louisiana law recognizes that a judgment may also be absolutely null or void ab
initio for defects patent on the face of the proceedings.  Hebert, 96-2155, at p. 4,
700 So.2d at 959.  Even if the judgment could not be collaterally attacked, a direct
action of nullity preceded by petition and citation could be filed, which was done
in the instant case.  Garnett v. Ancar, 203 So.2d 812, 814 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1967);
see also Succession of Moore, 97-1668, 97-1669, p. 17 (La. App. 4 Cir. 4/1/98),
737 So.2d 749, 759.  Therefore, Miccol has not waived its right to raise the claim
of nullity, and the City‟s assignment of error is without merit.
The City also asserts that the district court erred by granting Miccol‟s
motion for summary judgment, finding that the administrative judgment to be null
and void for defects patent on the face of the proceedings, and denying the City‟s
motion for summary judgment because the City has shown that no grounds exist to
nullify the administrative judgment.
Although Miccol did not seek review under the Administrative Procedure
Act (“APA”), La. R.S. 49:964, the APA provisions are applicable to the review of
the administrative judgment in this case.  La. R.S. 49:964(G) provides:
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The court may affirm the decision of the agency or remand the case
for further proceedings. The court may reverse or modify the decision
if substantial rights of the appellant have been prejudiced because the
administrative findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions are:
(1) In violation of constitutional or statutory provisions;
(2) In excess of the statutory authority of the agency;
(3) Made upon unlawful procedure;
(4) Affected by other error of law;
(5) Arbitrary  or  capricious  or  characterized  by  abuse  of
discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion; or
(6) Not  supported  and  sustainable  by  a  preponderance  of
evidence as determined by the reviewing court….
When a court is considering whether an agency‟s actions were made upon
unlawful procedure under La. R.S. 49:964(G)(3), it is determining whether the
process used in arriving at the decisions afforded those affected their procedural
due process.  Save Ourselves, Inc. v. Louisiana Envtl. Control Comm’n, 452 So.2d
1152, 1158-59 (La. 1984).
Sec. 28-39 of the City Code of New Orleans sets forth several requirements
to be included in the notification of an administrative enforcement hearing.  As
stated, Miccol asserts that the “Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice” issued by
the City did not comply with the requirements set forth in Sec. 28-39(d) of the City
Code of New Orleans, which states that the “notice shall state that the owner or
alleged violator shall have seven days from the postmark date to respond in writing
to request an extension of time prior to an administrative enforcement hearing to
bring the unoccupied property within compliance with the Code.”                        (Emphasis
supplied.)  La. C.C.P. art. 5053 expressly provides that “[t]he word „shall‟ is
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mandatory, and the word „may‟ is permissive.”  Thus, the provision specified
under Sec. 28-39(d) of the City Code of New Orleans is a mandatory provision,
and the City failed to comply with it.
Further, administrative decisions that are penal in nature are strictly
construed.  In re Shiplov, 05-0498, p. 2 (La. App. 4 Cir. 10/18/06), 945 So.2d 52,
55.  The “Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice” issued by the City to Miccol
provides for harsh remedies.  The notice states that if the alleged violations are not
corrected the property may be expropriated, the property can be demolished and a
lien can be placed on the property.
Laws that provide for the coming into existence of liens and privileges are
strictly construed.  City of Alexandria v. Shevnin, 240 La. 983, 991, 126 So.2d 336,
339 (1961) (citing City of Natchitoches v. Kile, 54 So.2d 834, 836 (La. App. 2d
Cir. 1951)).  When it is provided that liens and privileges may arise only after the
performance of certain definite acts by a governing authority, strict adherence to
such requirements is mandatory as a condition precedent thereto.  Id.  Under
Louisiana law, liens and privileges are stricti juris and the party who claims or
asserts one must be able to identify the law under which it is granted.  Id., 240 La.
at 990, 126 So.2d at 338.
In this case, one of the requirements to be included in the notification of an
enforcement hearing is information apprising the alleged violator of his or her right
to request an extension prior to the administrative enforcement hearing.  This, as
admitted by the City, was not done in the “Notice of Violation and Hearing
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Notice” sent to Miccol.  The City asserts that the absence of information on the
“Notice of Violation and Hearing Notice” regarding Miccol‟s right to request an
extension of time prior to the initial hearing where no judgment was rendered is a
technicality and that the district court‟s judgment, declaring the administrative
judgment null, would lead to absurd consequences.  The City cites Hawk Field
Services, L.L.C. v. Mid America Underground, L.L.C., 47,078, p. 6 (La. App. 2 Cir.
5/16/12), 94 So.3d 136, 141, which states that “strict construction [of a statute]
cannot be so interpreted as to permit purely technical objections to defeat the real
intent of the statute.”  The City relies on their assertion that Miccol was verbally
notified of its right to request an extension of time at the September 14, 2010
hearing.  However, the City‟s assertion as to what was communicated to Miccol at
the September 14, 2010 hearing is not substantiated by any evidence.  As stated,
the audio file of the September 14, 2010 is not a part of the record on appeal, and
facts referred to therein cannot be considered by this Court.
In this case, Sec. 28-39(d) of the City Code of New Orleans expressly
mandates the City apprise the alleged violator of their right to request an extension
of time prior to an administrative hearing to bring their property within
compliance.  The provision goes into further detail as to what the notice may
include, such as, a description of the process and the criteria for applying and being
granted an extension.  Pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 28-39(d) of the City Code
of New Orleans, the purpose of the notice of administrative hearing is to: 1)
accurately provide the property owners name, property address, and the date, time
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and place of the hearing; 2) apprise the owner or alleged violator of the nature of
the alleged violations; and 3) apprise the property owner or alleged violator that he
has a right to request an extension to bring his property into compliance.  These
express requirements are not mere technicalities.  Accordingly, we find that the
district court did not err by granting Miccol‟s motion for summary judgment
finding that the administrative judgment to be null and void for defects patent on
the face of the proceedings, and denying the City‟s motion for summary judgment.
The City also asserts that the district court erred in adopting Miccol‟s
Memorandum in Support of its Motions for Summary Judgment in toto despite
legal and factual errors therein.  A “judgment” and “reasons for judgment” are two
separate and distinct legal documents.  Succession of Velasquez-Bain, 471 So.2d
731, 750 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1985).  As this Court has expressed:
On  appeal,  this  court  reviews  judgments-not                                        “cases”  or
“reasons  for  judgment”-and  it  generally  reviews  one  particular
judgment, namely the judgment specified on the trial judge's order
granting a motion for appeal. Thus on appeal, this court examines the
result of that judgment, not the reason why the trial court reached that
result, because this court may not substitute its own views on the
credibility of witnesses in the absence of manifest error. Accordingly,
where this court believes that the trial court reached the proper result,
the judgment will be affirmed even though this court may disagree
with some aspects of the trial judge's views on credibility.
Id. at 751.
The district court‟s reasons for judgment are not under appellate review.
Therefore, the City‟s assignment of error is not persuasive.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the district court‟s judgment is affirmed.
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AFFIRMED
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