Logan v. City of Biddeford
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT					Reporter of Decisions
Decision:	2001 ME 84
Docket: 	Yor-00-559
Submitted
 on Briefs: 	April 2, 2001
Decided:	May 21, 2001

Panel: 	WATHEN, C.J., and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, DANA, SAUFLEY, ALEXANDER, and
CALKINS, JJ.

ROBERT LOGAN

v.

CITY OF BIDDEFORD

CALKINS, J.

	[¶1]  Robert Logan appeals from the judgment of the Superior Court
(York County, Fritzsche, J.) affirming the decision of the Biddeford Board of
Zoning Appeals which, in turn, affirmed the decision of the Biddeford
Planning Board which denied Logan's application to build a home on
shoreland property.  The basis for the denial was the Planning Board's
determination that Logan's deed merged four contiguous lots into one parcel
and the four lots no longer exist as nonconforming lots of record.  We vacate
the decision of the Superior Court.

I.  FACTS AND BACKGROUND

	[¶2]  The record in this matter is sparse.  Neither the Planning Board
nor the Zoning Board of Appeals made factual findings.  
	[¶3]  In 1998, Logan purchased shorefront real estate.  Logan's deed
describes two parcels, but only one parcel is at issue in this case.  The deed
describes the pertinent parcel as "[a] certain lot or parcel of land . . .
situated on the northwesterly side of Mile Stretch Road," and gives a
perimeter description of the property.  Logan alleges that the description
encompasses the same property shown on a city tax map as lots 29, 30, 31,
and 32.  There is a house on lot 32 and a garage on lot 31.  It is undisputed
that none of the individual lots contain sufficient size and frontage to meet
the present requirements of the zoning ordinance.
	[¶4]  Logan filed an application with the Planning Board for a
shoreland zoning permit to construct a single-family home on lots 29 and
30.  Logan submitted various documents to the Planning Board including tax
bills which show that the City taxed him separately for lots 29, 30, 31, and
32.  He also submitted copies of three deeds of his predecessor in title,
Mildred Eastwood.  Each deed describes a separate parcel of land owned by
Eastwood.  The three deeds are dated 1953, and they do not reference the
tax map lot numbers.  
	[¶5]  Following a hearing, the Planning Board denied Logan's
application stating that "lots 29, 30, 31, and 32 have merged and that the
non-conforming lots of record no longer exist."  Logan appealed to the
Zoning Board of Appeals, and after a hearing, the Zoning Board of Appeals
denied the appeal, affirming the Planning Board "based on the merger
language . . . ."  The Zoning Board of Appeals did not hold a de novo hearing
and acted only as an appellate body reviewing the decision of the Planning
Board.
	[¶6]  Logan then appealed to the Superior Court pursuant to
M.R. Civ. P. 80B.  The Superior Court allowed owners of abutting property to
intervene.  Logan argued that the language of his deed did not merge his lots
and that the municipal boards should have considered whether the zoning
ordinance merged his lots and whether the exception to merger in the
ordinance was applicable.  The City and the intervenors argued that the
deed description merged the four lots.  The court affirmed the decision of
the Zoning Board of Appeals, ruling that, "the deed itself has merged the
formerly separate lots," and "[w]hether the Shoreland Zoning Ordinance
would merge any of the lots need not be decided as the deed has produced
the merger." 
	[¶7]  Because the Superior Court acted as an appellate court, we do
not review its decision, but "we examine directly the operative decision of
the municipality."  Stewart v. Town of Sedgwick, 2000 ME 157, ¶ 4, 757
A.2d 773, 775.  In this case the operative decision is that of the Zoning
Board of Appeals.{1}  The only issue presented is an issue of law which we
review de novo.  

II.  EXTINGUISHING NONCONFORMING LOTS OF RECORD
 BY DEED DESCRIPTION

	[¶8]  The Zoning Board of Appeals construed Logan's deed as merging
four lots into a single lot.   In Bailey v. City of S. Portland, 1998 ME 54, ¶ 8,
707 A.2d 391, 393, we stated that we had found no authority for the
proposition "that the use of the scriveners device of describing multiple
contiguous lots by their external perimeter destroys the independent
standing of the constituent parts."  The City and intervenors argue that the
facts in Bailey distinguish it from this case.  We agree that the deed
description in Bailey was slightly different from the description in the Logan
deed.  In Bailey, the deed referred to "three contiguous parcels" in addition
to giving the external perimeter description, id., but in Logan's deed there
is no mention of the number of lots or parcels.  Nonetheless, we adhere to
the language in Bailey that a scrivener's device of describing lots by using an
outside perimeter does not destroy the separate character of the lots that
existed at the time of the conveyance.  
	[¶9]  Neither of the cases cited by the City and the intervenors
supports the proposition that an external perimeter description in a deed,
in and of itself, causes separate lots contained within that description to lose
their status as separate lots.  In Farley v. Town of Lyman, 557 A.2d 197, 198
(Me. 1989), the plaintiff was denied a building permit on the ground that
her lot lost its status as a nonconforming lot of record when she conveyed it
to her sister who owned an abutting nonconforming lot.  The sister later
reconveyed the lot back to the plaintiff.  Id.  We construed the zoning
ordinance and held that, pursuant to it, the plaintiff's lot lost its status as a
separate grandfathered parcel.  Id. at 200-01.  Thus, Farley is support for
Logan's position that the zoning ordinance must be applied to the facts of
the case to determine if the ordinance requires merger of the lots.{2} Farley
does not stand for the proposition that the deed, in and of itself, creates a
merger without reference to the zoning ordinance.{3} 
	[¶10]  From Logan's deed itself we can draw no conclusions as to
whether any formerly separate lots maintain their character as separate lots. 
The question of whether Logan can build another house on his property 
cannot be answered by looking only at his deed.  The answer must come
from the history of the parcels and the zoning ordinance.  Because factual
findings are necessary to answer this question and because the record is
devoid of sufficient uncontested facts to allow us to answer the question, we
remand the case to the Superior Court to be remanded, in turn, to the
Zoning Board of Appeals.
	The entry is:

Judgment vacated.  Remanded to the Superior Court
with instructions to remand to the Zoning Board of
Appeals for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.

Attorney for plaintiff:

Ralph W. Austin, Esq.
Woodman Edmands Danylik & Austin, P.A.
P O Box 468
Biddeford, ME 04005

Attorneys for defendants:

Harry B. Center II, Esq.
Smith Elliot Smith & Garmey, P.A.
P O Box 1179
Saco, ME 04072
(for City of Biddeford)

Bruce M. Read, Esq.
Shepard & Read
93 Main Street
Kennebunk, ME 04043
(for intervenors McGovern and Ferguson)

Wayne T. Adams, Esq.
P O Box 3030
Kennebunk, ME 04043
(for Biddeford Pool Improvement Ass'n)

FOOTNOTES******************************** {1} . In Stewart v. Town of Sedgwick, 2000 ME 157, ¶ 7, 757 A.2d 757, 776, we concluded that 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(D) (1996) requires a Zoning Board of Appeals, in an appeal from a Planning Board, to hold a de novo hearing and render a decision and findings on the basis of that hearing unless the municipal ordinance provides that the Zoning Board of Appeals acts in an appellate capacity. The Biddeford Shoreland Zoning Ordinance does not expressly provide that the Zoning Board of Appeals hears appeals in an appellate capacity. Therefore, the Zoning Board of Appeals should have heard the appeal de novo. Logan has not requested that the decision be vacated on the ground that the Zoning Board of Appeals erroneously acted in an appellate capacity. Because the Zoning Board of Appeals should have heard the appeal de novo, its decision is the operative decision. {2} . Although the ordinance in Farley is similar to the Biddeford ordinance, the latter contains an exception. In Farley the ordinance, as we construed it, provided that a nonconforming lot of record, in order to be built upon, could not be contiguous to any lot owned by the same owner, and that once two contiguous nonconforming lots came into single ownership, they were no longer separately buildable. Farley, 557 A.2d at 200-01. The Biddeford ordinance provides that two contiguous nonconforming lots in single ownership, which are vacant or partially built, "shall be combined to the extent necessary to meet the dimensional requirements," except this provision is not applicable when the lots can be reconfigured to meet a requirement of 100 feet of shore frontage and 20,000 square feet of lot area and can accommodate a subsurface sewage disposal system that conforms to state rules. This case differs from Farley in that here the Zoning Board of Appeals has not yet ruled on whether the zoning ordinance causes these lots to be merged and, if so, whether the lots meet the requirements of the exception to the merger ordinance. {3} . The intervenors also cite to Barnard v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Yarmouth, 313 A.2d 741 (Me. 1974). In that case we noted that the lot at issue had been divided into two lots but "became one upon conveyance to appellant's mother in 1934." Id. at 743. We said, "[d]espite appellant's efforts to depict her property as two lots, rather than one, (based upon the divided ownership of the land in earlier years), we agree . . . appellant is the owner of a single, large lot, upon which she wishes to build a second dwelling." Id. at 747. The opinion contains no further description of the 1934 conveyance. In Bailey, we said the properties in Barnard merged because the Yarmouth Zoning Ordinance required nonconforming lots under the same ownership to meet the lot size requirement. Bailey, 1998 ME 54, ¶ 9, 707 A.2d at 393. Thus, Barnard is also support for Logan's position that the zoning ordinance must be applied to determine if the lots have been merged.