SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-3116-95T5
BARBARA PECTOR as Personal
Representative of the Estate
of Jack Pector,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
EILEEN MELTZER,
Defendant-Appellant.
_____________________________________________
Argued February 18, 1997 - Decided March 11,
1997
Before Judges Havey, Kestin and Eichen.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Essex County.
Harvey R. Meltzer argued the cause for
appellant (Harvey R. Meltzer, attorney).
Adam M. Schneider argued the cause for
respondent (Adam M. Schneider, attorney).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
EICHEN, J.A.D.
Defendant Eileen Meltzer appeals from a final judgment in the
sum of $958.50, plus interest, entered in the Law Division in favor
of plaintiff Barbara Pector as personal representative of the
estate of Jack Pector. The judgment represents taxed costs arising
from an unsuccessful will contest defendant commenced in the
Circuit Court in Dade County, Florida. Following a bench trial,
the Law Division judge entered judgment in favor of plaintiff,
concluding that the Florida order was entitled to full faith and
credit. We agree and affirm but for reasons other than those given
by the trial court.
Defendant contends that the Florida judgment was not entitled
to enforcement in New Jersey under the Full Faith and Credit Clause
of the United States Constitution, U.S. Const. art. IV, § 1,
because she did not have notice and an opportunity to be heard in
opposition to the application for legal costs and, therefore, the
Florida order was entered in violation of her right to due process
of law. The record reflects that neither defendant nor her Florida
attorney were present at the proceeding that culminated in the
entry of the Florida judgment.See footnote 1
To better understand the background, we briefly recite the
procedural history. After plaintiff commenced her action in the
Law Division, she filed a motion for summary judgment. Noting the
conflicting allegations contained in the certifications filed by
the Florida attorneys on behalf of plaintiff and defendant
concerning the mailing of the requisite notice and its receipt, a
different Law Division judge denied the motion, concluding that
defendant had demonstrated a genuine issue of fact concerning her
receipt of the notice.See footnote 2 Hence, the matter was listed for trial.
At a bench trial,See footnote 3 defendant testified that she did not
receive notice of the Florida proceeding seeking legal costs
against her. Both parties submitted their Florida attorneys'
certifications. The judge determined that plaintiff's order was
entitled to full faith and credit because the Circuit Court in
Florida had in personam jurisdiction over defendant and, therefore,
if defendant wished to dispute receipt of notice of the Florida
proceeding for legal costs, her remedy was to have challenged the
judgment in Florida. The judge stated that because Florida's
procedural law permits a court to relieve a party from a final
judgment for the same reasons and on the same grounds as the
procedural law of New Jersey, compare Fla. R. Civ. Pro. 1.540 (b)
with R. 4:50, defendant was required to launch her challenge in
Florida.
We disagree that defendant was required to first challenge the
order in Florida before opposing its enforcement in this state
under the Full Faith and Credit Clause. However, we conclude that
the order is enforceable because defendant failed to overcome the
presumption of receipt of the notice. In so ruling, we observe
that the judge did not make any findings or conclusions concerning
defendant's due process challenge to the enforceability of the
Florida order on the ground of lack of receipt of notice;
nonetheless, rather than remand for such findings and conclusions,
we elect to exercise our original jurisdiction to complete the
determination of the matter. R. 2:10-5. See generally Bressnan v.
Gash,
131 N.J. 517, 529 (1993).
Initially, we observe the well-established principle that "a
court of this State, when asked to enforce a foreign state
judgment, must deny full faith and credit if the rendering court
lacked in personam jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, or
failed to provide adequate notice and an opportunity to be heard."
Security Ben. Life Ins. Co. v. TFS Ins. Agency, Inc.,
279 N.J.
Super. 419, 423 (App. Div.) (emphasis added) (quoting City of
Philadelphia v. Stadler,
164 N.J. Super. 281, 286 (Cty. Ct. 1978),
aff'd o.b.,
173 N.J. Super. 235 (App. Div.), certif. denied,
85 N.J. 465, (1980), cert. denied,
450 U.S. 997,
101 S. Ct. 1702,
68 L. Ed.2d 198 (1981)), certif. denied,
141 N.J. 95 (1995). Hence,
it is clear that even where in personam jurisdiction has been
acquired over a person, our courts must deny enforcement if the
rendering court failed to provide adequate notice and an
opportunity to be heard of a subsequent proceeding in the action.
See New York State Dep't of Taxation & Fin. v. Merritt, Inc.,
105 N.J. 584, 585 (1987) (citing City of Philadelphia v. Stadler,
supra, 164 N.J. Super. at 286). See also Hilton Int'l Co. v.
Silverman,
166 N.J. Super. 48, 51 (App. Div. 1979) (recognizing
defendant's right to contest notice of subsequent proceedings in
foreign court before New Jersey will enforce judgment under the
Full Faith and Credit Clause).
The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires us to give only such
weight to the foreign judgment as the rendering court would give.
Hilton Int'l Co. v. Ginsburg,
207 N.J. Super. 1, 4 (App. Div.
1985). And if the foreign judgment comports with the foreign
state's local procedure, it is entitled to full faith and credit in
this state, so long as the judgment is not entered in violation of
due process of law. Security Beneficial, supra, 279 N.J. Super. at
424.
Under Florida procedural law, service by mail is considered
complete upon mailing, and a certificate of service is prima facie
proof that service has been effectuated. Fla. R. Civ. Pro. 1.080
(f). This presumption of receipt requires the trier of fact to
assume the existence of the presumed fact, i.e., receipt, unless
credible evidence of its non-existence, i.e., non-receipt, is
introduced. See Berwick v. Prudential Property and Casualty Ins.
Co.,
436 So.2d 239, 240 (Fla Dist. Ct. App. 1983). A sworn
affidavit stating that the filing was not received will not
automatically overcome the presumption; it merely creates an issue
of fact which must be resolved by the trier of fact. See Camerota
v. Kaufman,
666 So.2d 1042, 1045 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996).
In this case, the motion judge recognized these principles
when he referred the matter for trial. At trial, however,
defendant failed to overcome the presumption of service by mail of
plaintiff's notice for costs. The evidence concerning service of
the notice consisted entirely of defendant's testimony and the two
certifications from opposing Florida counsel. In order to overcome
the presumption of service by mail, defendant was required to
submit additional credible evidence. This she failed to do. While
we recognize that defendant had anticipated presenting her Florida
counsel as a witness at trial but was unable to do so, based on our
review of the attorney's filed certification, we are satisfied that
her testimony was unlikely to have augmented the limited
information originally contained in her certification so as to have
overcome the presumption.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 The record reflects that on September 2, 1993, the Florida