SYLLABUS
(This syllabus is not part of the opinion of the Court. It has
been prepared by the Office of the Clerk for the convenience of the
reader. It has been neither reviewed nor approved by the Supreme Court. Please
note that, in the interests of brevity, portions of any opinion may not
have been summarized).
Argued February 3, 2003 -- Decided May 7, 2003
Zazzali, J., writing for a unanimous Court.
This appeal considers whether a licensed New Jersey attorney who is ineligible to practice law in this state nonetheless may rely on his good standing in another jurisdiction to appear pro hac vice.
Boston University (BU) moved before the trial court, pursuant to Rule 1:21-2, to
admit pro hac vice its Associate General Counsel, Robert B. Smith, Esquire, to
assist local counsel in this breach of contract action. In connection with the
motion, Smith submitted a certification in which he asserted that he is a
member in good standing of the Massachusetts Bar. However, Smith did not reveal
in his certification that he is a licensed New Jersey attorney.
Smith became a licensed New Jersey attorney in 1978 and practiced law in
this state for approximately three years. He moved to Massachusetts in 1986, was
admitted to practice in that state, and began a practice there. Since that
time, Smith has not paid his annual fees to the New Jersey Lawyers'
Fund for Client Protection (Fund), as required by Rules 1:20-1(b) and 1:28-2. For
this reason, this Court annually has issued orders that declare him ineligible to
practice in this state. Smith now owes the Fund approximately $2,489 in arrearages.
Defendant University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) opposed BU's
motion and argued that Smith should not be permitted to appear pro hac
vice until he pays all amounts owed to the Fund. The trial court
disagreed, reasoning that Smith's good standing as a member of the Massachusetts Bar
satisfies the requirements for pro hac vice admission. Following that ruling, Smith submitted
payment to the Fund for that year, as required by Rule 1:21-2(a), but
he did not pay his arrearages. UMDNJ moved for reconsideration, in support of
which the director and counsel to the Fund certified that an ineligible New
Jersey attorney in arrearages for more than one year will not be deemed
eligible merely because he or she makes a single year's payment to the
Fund for the purpose of securing pro hac vice admission. Further, the Clerk
of this Court certified that an attorney licensed in New Jersey may not
receive a Certificate of Good Standing until he or she pays all outstanding
amounts owed to the Fund. The trial court again concluded that there was
no reason to deny Smith pro hac vice admission.
UMDNJ moved for leave to appeal. In granting the motion, the Appellate
Division suggested that this Court consider the matter on direct certification. This Court
certified the appeal on its own motion pursuant to Rule 2:12-1.
HELD : A licensed New Jersey attorney must be a member in good standing
of the New Jersey Bar before he or she may appear pro hac
vice.
1. The New Jersey Constitution vests this Court with plenary authority to regulate
the practice of law in this state. Pursuant to that authority, the Court
has promulgated rules that require all New Jersey attorneys to pay an annual
assessment of fees. The Fund collects those fees and maintains a list of
the names of attorneys who fail to pay. Pursuant to Rules 1:20-1(b)-(c) and
1:28-2, this Court annually issues an Order declaring that each attorney whose name
appears on that list may not practice law in New Jersey until he
or she pays any outstanding amounts due the Fund. The Fund then mails
each ineligible attorney a copy of that Order with instructions on seeking reinstatement.
(Pp. 4 to 5).
2. Rule 1:21-2(a) specifies the conditions under which an attorney may seek pro
hac vice admission. It states that "[a]n attorney of any other jurisdiction, of
good standing there, whether practicing law in such other jurisdiction as an individual
member or employee of a partnership ... authorized to practice law in such
other jurisdiction, or an attorney admitted in this state, of good standing, who
does not maintain in this state a bona fide office for the practice
of law may, at the discretion of the court, be permitted, pro hac
vice, to speak in such matter in the same manner as an attorney
of this state who maintains a bona fide office for the practice of
law in this state and who is therefore, pursuant to R. 1:21-1(a), authorized
to practice in this state. No attorney shall be admitted under this rule
without annually complying with R. 1:20-1(b), R. 1:28-2, and R. 1:28B-1(e) during the
period of admission. " (Pp. 5 to 6).
3. The Court disagrees with BU's argument that because Rule 1:21-2(a) is written
in the disjunctive Smith may rely solely on his good standing in Massachusetts
to appear pro hac vice. In addition to the prerequisites contained in part
a of the rule, part b(1) of the rule provides that those attorneys
who are granted pro hac vice status must abide by the New Jersey
Court Rules. This Court's rule-making authority may be exercised by the promulgation of
formal rules to be included in the published rules of court or in
the form of general directives or specific orders. Here, numerous orders indicate that
Smith may not practice law in this state until he pays his fees
to the Fund. Those orders are clear, admit of no exception, and must
be enforced strictly by our courts. Accordingly, Smith must pay the fees required
by Rules 1:20-1(b) and 1:28-2, including all arrearages, before he may appear pro
hac vice. A license to practice law is a privilege burdened with conditions.
Smith has elected to maintain his license to practice in New Jersey, thereby
preserving his right to seek immediate reinstatement as an attorney in good standing.
This Court will not sanction Smith's decision to retain that benefit while disregarding
a concomitant obligation to the Fund. (Pp. 6 to 7).
4. In respect of Smith's failure to disclose in his certification to the
trial court that he is currently ineligible to practice law in New Jersey,
the Court explains that, pursuant to Rule 1:21-2(b)(1), qualifying for pro hac vice
admission on the basis of good standing in another jurisdiction will not exempt
a New Jersey attorney from the rules and orders that govern his or
her practice before our Courts. Pursuant to RPC 3.3(a)(5), a lawyer shall not
knowingly fail to disclose to a tribunal a material fact with knowledge that
the tribunal may tend to be misled by such failure. Thus, New Jersey
attorneys who are not in good standing in this state must disclose that
fact when they seek to appear pro hac vice under Rule 1:21-2. (Pp.
7 to 9).
5. Before a licensed New Jersey attorney may appear pro hac vice, he
or she must be a member in good standing of the New Jersey
Bar. Under Rule 1:21-2(b)(1), an attorney's appearance before our courts is conditioned expressly
on that attorney's compliance with the Court Rules, including specific orders. In this
appeal, the trial court granted Smith permission to appear pro hac vice on
the basis of his good standing in another jurisdiction. That permission, however, does
not exempt Smith from this Court's orders declaring that he remain ineligible to
practice law in this state until he remits full payment to the Fund.
If Smith remits full payment, including all arrearages, within thirty days of this
decision and promptly thereafter obtains a Certificate of Good Standing from the Clerk
of this Court, he then may represent BU in this matter. If Smith
does not comply with these requirements, the trial court shall revoke Smith's permission
to appear pro hac vice pursuant to Rule 1:21-2(d). (P. 9).
6. The Court refers Rule 1:21-2 to the Civil Practice Committee for appropriate
clarification consistent with this opinion. (P. 9).
The matter is REMANDED to the trial court for further proceedings.
CHIEF JUSTICE PORITZ and JUSTICES COLEMAN, LONG, VERNIERO, LaVECCHIA, and ALBIN join
in JUSTICE ZAZZALI's opinion.
SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY
A-
22 September Term 2002
BOSTON UNIVERSITY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY,
Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
ALTEC, INC,
Third-Party-Defendant.
Argued February 3, 2003 – Decided May 7, 2003
On certification to the Superior Court, Law Division, Essex County.
Douglas K. Wolfson, Assistant Attorney General and Rhonda S. Farber, Deputy Attorney General,
argued the cause for appellant (David Samson, Attorney General of New Jersey, attorney;
Andrea M. Silkowitz, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Ms. Farber, on the briefs).
Irvin M. Freilich argued the cause for respondent (Robertson, Freilich, Bruno & Cohen,
attorneys; Mr. Freilich, Gary N. Donner and Jennifer A. Leighton, on the briefs).
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
ZAZZALI, J.
In this appeal we must decide whether a licensed New Jersey attorney who is ineligible to practice law in this state nonetheless may rely on his good standing in another jurisdiction to appear pro hac vice. We hold that a licensed New Jersey attorney must be a member in good standing of the New Jersey Bar before he or she may appear pro hac vice.
Robert B. Smith, Esq., became a licensed New Jersey attorney in 1978 and thereafter practiced law in this state for approximately three years. Smith moved to Massachusetts in 1986 and began a practice there after being admitted to the bar. Since that date, Smith has not paid his annual fees to the New Jersey Lawyers' Fund for Client Protection (Client Protection Fund), as required by Rules 1:20-1(b) and 1:28-2. As a result, this Court annually has issued Orders that declare him ineligible to practice in this state. Smith now owes the Client Protection Fund approximately $2,489 in arrearages.
Currently, Smith serves as Associate General Counsel for plaintiff, Boston University (BU). BU moved before the trial court pursuant to Rule 1:21-2 to admit Smith pro hac vice to assist local counsel in a breach of contract action against defendant University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). In connection with BU’s motion, Smith submitted a certification in which he asserted that he is a member in good standing of the Massachusetts Bar. Smith did not disclose his status as a licensed New Jersey attorney.
In opposition to BU's motion, UMDNJ, represented by the Attorney General, argued that Smith should not be permitted to appear pro hac vice until he pays all amounts due the Client Protection Fund. The trial court disagreed, reasoning that Smith's good standing as a member of the Massachusetts Bar satisfies the requirements for pro hac vice admission. On his admission to practice pro hac vice in June 2002, Smith submitted payment to the Client Protection Fund for that year, as required by Rule 1:21-2(a), but did not pay his arrearages.
UMDNJ moved for reconsideration. In support of that motion, Kenneth J. Bossong, Director and Counsel to the Client Protection Fund, certified that an ineligible New Jersey attorney in arrearages for more than one year will not be deemed eligible merely because he or she makes a single year's payment of fees to the Client Protection Fund for the purpose of securing pro hac vice admission. Bossong explained that this Court requires payment of all arrearages before a licensed New Jersey attorney becomes eligible to practice again. Moreover, the Clerk of this Court certified that an attorney licensed in New Jersey may not receive a Certificate of Good Standing until that attorney pays all outstanding amounts he or she owes to the Client Protection Fund. After reviewing UMDNJ's submissions, the trial court again concluded that there was no reason to deny Smith pro hac vice admission.
UMDNJ moved for leave to appeal and the Appellate Division suggested in granting the motion that this Court consider the matter on direct certification. This Court subsequently certified UMDNJ's appeal on its own motion pursuant to Rule 2:12-1.
The New Jersey Constitution vests this Court with plenary authority to regulate the practice of law in this state. N.J. Const. art. VI, § 2, ¶ 3. Pursuant to that authority, the Court has promulgated rules that require all New Jersey attorneys to pay an annual assessment of fees. Rule 1:20-1(b) provides that all individuals with a license to practice law in New Jersey must pay an annual fee to the Disciplinary Oversight Committee to support this Court's attorney-discipline and fee-arbitration systems. In addition, Rule 1:28-2 requires that attorneys pay an annual fee for the reimbursement of clients who have incurred financial losses because of dishonest attorney conduct. See footnote 1
The Client Protection Fund collects those fees in accordance with the standards provided by Rule 1:28-2 and maintains a list of the names of attorneys who fail to pay. Pursuant to Rules 1:20-1(b)-(c) and 1:28-2, this Court annually issues an Order declaring that each attorney whose name appears on that list may not practice law in New Jersey until he or she pays any outstanding amounts due the Client Protection Fund. The Client Protection Fund then mails each ineligible attorney a copy of that Order with instructions on seeking reinstatement.
Acknowledging that Smith is ineligible to practice in New Jersey, BU nonetheless urges that Smith be allowed to appear pro hac vice. BU relies on Rule 1:21-2(a), which specifies the conditions under which an attorney may seek pro hac vice admission:
An attorney of any other jurisdiction, of good standing there, whether practicing law in such other jurisdiction as an individual member or employee of a partnership . . . authorized to practice law in such other jurisdiction, or an attorney admitted in this state, of good standing, who does not maintain in this state a bona fide office for the practice of law may, at the discretion of the court in which any matter is pending, be permitted, pro hac vice, to speak in such matter in the same manner as an attorney of this state who maintains a bona fide office for the practice of law in this state and who is therefore, pursuant to R. 1:21-1(a), authorized to practice in this state. No attorney shall be admitted under this rule without annually complying with R. 1:20-1(b), R. 1:28-2, and R. 1:28B-1(e) during the period of admission.
BU argues that because Rule 1:21-2(a) is written in the disjunctive Smith may rely solely on his good standing in Massachusetts to appear pro hac vice. As BU reads Rule 1:21-2(a), status as a licensed New Jersey attorney is irrelevant when pro hac vice admission is sought on the basis of a foreign license.
We disagree. In addition to the prerequisites for pro hac vice admission contained in part a of Rule 1:21-2, part b(1) of that rule provides that those attorneys who are granted pro hac vice status must "abide by [the New Jersey Court] rules." Rule 1:21-2(b)(1). This Court's "Rule-making authority may be exercised by the promulgation of formal rules to be included in the published Rules of Court . . .[or] in the form of general directives or specific orders." In re Yaccarino, 101 N.J. 342, 351 (1985); see also State v. Clark, 162 N.J. 201, 205 (2000); Pressler, Current N.J. Court Rules, comment on R. 1:1-1 (2003). Numerous Orders indicate that Smith may not practice law in this state until he pays his fees to the Client Protection Fund. Those Orders are clear, admit of no exception, and must be enforced strictly by our courts. Accordingly, Smith must pay the fees required by Rules 1:20-1(b) and 1:28-2, including all arrearages, before he may appear pro hac vice.
BU urges an interpretation of Rule 1:21-2 that would permit Smith to practice law before the New Jersey courts while freely shirking the financial obligations he incurred as a member of this state's bar. That reading of the Rule necessarily would produce an anomalous result, and the Court's Rules should not be so construed. G. v. C., 172 N.J. Super. 123, 128 (Law Div. 1978), aff'd, 172 N.J. Super. 360 (App. Div. 1979). A license to practice law is a privilege burdened with conditions. In re Pennica, 36 N.J. 401, 433 (1962). Smith has elected to maintain his license to practice law in New Jersey, thereby preserving his right to seek immediate reinstatement as an attorney in good standing. This Court will not sanction Smith's decision to retain that benefit while he disregards his concomitant obligation to the Client Protection Fund.
We now address Smith's failure to disclose in his certification to the trial court that he is currently ineligible to practice law in New Jersey. After oral argument, we provided Smith with an opportunity to respond to our concerns regarding his nondisclosure. Smith responded by affidavit and BU submitted a letter brief in support of Smith's position. UMDNJ filed a response to BU's letter brief.
"A lawyer shall not knowingly fail to disclose to the tribunal a material fact with knowledge that the tribunal may tend to be misled by such failure." RPC 3.3(a)(5). See Kosmowski v. Atlantic City Med. Ctr., 175 N.J. 568, 577 (2003) (LaVecchia, J., concurring)(“The duty to disclose material facts applies with equal force to matters relating to the substance of the underlying claim as well as to those that relate to procedural issues affecting management of the case.”). For nearly two decades this Court has issued annual Orders indicating that Smith is ineligible to practice in this state because he failed to pay the fees required by Rules 1:20-1(b) and 1:28-2. Smith asserts, however, that he relied solely on the explicit language of Rule 1:21-2(a) in filing his certification for pro hac vice admission, that he was "not entirely clear" concerning his status before the New Jersey Bar, and that he never intended to mislead the trial court or UMDNJ.
Although we remain concerned about Smith's failure to mention his status as a New Jersey attorney, we will not refer this matter to the ethics authorities for further action. We emphasize, however, that pursuant to Rule 1:21-2(b)(1), qualifying for pro hac vice admission on the basis of good standing in another jurisdiction will not exempt a New Jersey attorney from the Rules and Orders that govern his or her practice before our courts. Thus, New Jersey attorneys who are not in good standing in this state must disclose that fact when they seek to appear pro hac vice under Rule 1:21-2.
In conclusion, we hold that a licensed New Jersey attorney must be a member in good standing of the New Jersey Bar before he or she may appear pro hac vice. Under Rule 1:21-2(b)(1), an attorney's appearance before our courts is conditioned expressly on that attorney's compliance with the Court Rules, including specific Orders. In this appeal, the trial court granted Smith permission to appear pro hac vice on the basis of his good standing in another jurisdiction. That permission, however, does not exempt Smith from this Court's Orders declaring that he remain ineligible to practice law in this state until he remits full payment to the Client Protection Fund.
If Smith remits full payment to the Client Protection Fund, including all arrearages, within thirty days of this decision and promptly thereafter obtains a Certificate of Good Standing from the Clerk of this Court, he then may represent BU in its contract dispute with UMDNJ. If Smith does not comply with the foregoing requirements, the trial court shall revoke Smith's permission to appear pro hac vice pursuant to Rule 1:21-2(d).
Further, we refer Rule 1:21-2 to the Civil Practice Committee for appropriate clarification consistent with this opinion.
We remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings.
CHIEF JUSTICE PORITZ and JUSTICES COLEMAN, LONG, VERNIERO, LaVECCHIA, and ALBIN join in JUSTICE ZAZZALI’s opinion.
SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY
NO. A-22 SEPTEMBER TERM 2002
ON CERTIFICATION TO Appellate Division, Superior Court
BOSTON UNIVERSITY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND
DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY,
Defendant and Third-
Party Plaintiff-
Appellant,
v.
ALTEC, INC.,
Third-Party-Defendant.
DECIDED May 7, 2003
Chief Justice Poritz PRESIDING
OPINION BY Justice Zazzali
CONCURRING OPINION BY
DISSENTING OPINION BY
CHECKLIST
Footnote: 1
Since 1999, the annual assessment of attorneys also has included a component
to fund the New Jersey Lawyers Assistance Program (NJLAP). In July 2002, the
Court formalized this requirement with an amendment to
Rule 1:28B. See R. 1:28B-1(e).