SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                            APPELLATE DIVISION
                            DOCKET NO. A-
CAPUT MORTUUM, L.L.C., a New Jersey
Limited Liability Company,
        Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
S&S CROWN SERVICES, LTD.;
CROWN DN & T PARTNERSHIP;
NORMAN BERMAN; ALAN SIMONS,
        Defendants-Appellants,
                                    
 and
STEPHEN GORDON and DALE GORDON his wife;
ROCHELLE GORDON n/k/a ROCHELLE RUBIN;
STATE OF NEW JERSEY; THE MEWS AT 
CHANTICLEER CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION,
        Defendants.
_________________________________________
Argued: October 29, 2003 - Decided: February 2, 2004
Before Judges Axelrad, Winkelstein, and Lario.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Camden County, 
F-22984-01.
Mary J. Pederson argued the cause for appellants (Powell, Trachtman, Logan, Carrle, Bowman 
& Lombardo, attorneys; Ethan N. Halberstadt and Ms. Pederson, on the brief).
Adam Greenberg argued the cause for respondents (Honig & Greenberg, attorneys; Mr. Greenberg, 
on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
AXELRAD, J.T.C. (temporarily assigned).
     This appeal presents the novel issue of whether an executing judgment creditor 
has the right to redeem a certificate of sale for unpaid municipal liens 
under N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, issued against its debtor's real estate and purchased by another 
entity.  In a cogent written opinion, Judge Theodore Z. Davis found no such 
right to exist, based upon the  legislative imperative expressed in the statutory amendment; 
the public policy of prioritizing municipal liens and encouraging tax sale foreclosure to 
assist municipalities in collecting delinquent taxes; and the judgment creditor's failure to either 
purchase the certificate from the municipality or by assignment from the certificate holder. 
 The judge also rejected the judgment creditor's entitlement to redemption under the doctrine 
of equitable subrogation.  He granted summary judgment in favor of the tax sale 
certificate holder, the effect of which was to preclude redemption by the creditor 
and to allow the foreclosure action to proceed.  We affirm.
                     I.
    There are no facts in dispute.  In l990, defendant, Stephen Gordon, purchased 
a residence located at 116 St. Vincent Court in Cherry Hill ("the property"). 
 In l997, defendants, S&S Crown Services, Ltd.,  Crown DN & T Partnership,  Norman 
Berman, and Alan Simons (collectively referred to as "Crown"), obtained a judgment in 
Pennsylvania in excess of one million dollars against Gordon and domesticated it in 
New Jersey.  Crown attempted to execute on its judgment but was unsuccessful because 
of several fraudulent transfers of Gordon's Cherry Hill property.  On July 24, 1999, 
Crown filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of 
New Jersey, seeking to set aside the series of transfers of the property 
as fraudulent.  In August 2000, Crown prevailed and title was revested in Gordon's 
name.  A sheriff's sale was scheduled for May 4, 2001, but was postponed 
on several occasions by virtue of the filing of litigation by Gordon's wife 
asserting a spousal interest in the property, and a bankruptcy by Gordon.  As 
a condition of the stay of execution, the court required Gordon's wife to 
post a $25,000 bond, which, at Crown's request, was increased by an additional 
$9l,400.10.  
     In the interim, on June 29, 1999, the Garden State Investment Group purchased 
tax sale certificate #99-538 for unpaid municipal taxes on the property from Cherry 
Hill Township  ("the Township") at a public sale, N.J.S.A. 54:5-19, and recorded it 
on July 21, 1999.  The tax sale certificate was assigned on November 14, 
200l to Robert Stein, and on December 11, 200l, it was further assigned 
to plaintiff, Caput Mortuum, L.L.C. (CM).  CM continued to pay taxes on the 
property.  Crown neither bid on the certificate at the public sale nor attempted 
to obtain an assignment of the certificate in the intervening two and one-half 
years before its purchase by CM.
     In December 200l, following the two-year waiting period required by N.J.S.A. 54:5-86, 
CM filed an in personam tax foreclosure complaint seeking to bar and foreclose 
all equity of redemption in the property.  CM joined as defendants Gordon and 
his wife, a mortgagee, and, although not required to do so under  N.J.S.A. 
54:5-54, various judgment creditors of Gordon, including Crown.  Crown did not dispute CM's 
entitlement to pursue its right to foreclose; rather, it claimed an entitlement to 
redeem the certificate as an equitable owner or under the doctrine of equitable 
subrogation.  Judge Davis disagreed, and on July 9, 2002, entered summary judgment in 
CM's favor.   The order was interlocutory, and the matter is before us by 
leave granted.  R. 2:2-3(b).
     Subsequent to the filing of this appeal, the Bankruptcy Court granted relief 
from the automatic stay and Crown obtained summary judgment in its favor in 
the action brought by Gordon's wife.  We were advised at oral argument that 
during the pendency of this appeal, and before CM completed its tax foreclosure 
action, Crown successfully executed on its judgment and obtained title to the property. 
 Crown, now in the status of owner of the property, acquired the undisputed 
right to redeem the tax sale certificate.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-54.
    A 
case is moot if the disputed issue has been resolved, at least 
with respect to the parties who instituted the litigation.  De Vesa v. Dorsey, 
134 N.J. 420, 428 (1993) (Pollock, J., concurring); Oxfeld v. New Jersey State 
Bd. of Educ., 
68 N.J. 301, 303-04 (1975).  Whether Crown, in its former 
status as a judgment creditor, had the right to redeem, is no longer 
an issue in this litigation.  Therefore, the issue resolved by the order under 
appeal is moot.        
     Ordinarily, our interest in preserving judicial resources dictates that we not attempt to 
resolve legal issues in the abstract.  Oxfeld, supra, 68 N.J. at 303-04.  Moot 
or academic appeals are generally dismissed.  Cinque v. New Jersey Dep't of Corr., 
261 N.J. Super. 242, 243 (App. Div. 1993).  Our courts generally will not 
decide a case if the issues are hypothetical, a judgment cannot grant effective 
relief, or there is no concrete adversity of interest between the parties.  Advance 
Elec. Co. v. Montgomery Township Bd. of Educ., 
351 N.J. Super. 160, 166 
 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 
174 N.J. 364 (2002); Anderson v. Sills, 
143 N.J. 
Super. 432, 437 (Ch. Div. 1976).
     On occasion, however, we will decide such appeals where the underlying issue 
is one of substantial importance and is capable of repetition while evading review. 
 
See, e.g., Joye v. Hunterdon Cent. Reg'l High School Bd. of Educ., 
176 N.J. 568, 583 (2003); 
Zirger v. Gen. Accident Ins. Co., 
144 N.J. 327, 
330 (1996); 
In re Conroy, 
98 N.J. 321, 342 (1985); Guttenberg Sav. & 
Loan Ass'n v. Rivera, 
85 N.J. 617, 622-23 (1981).  Both parties have urged 
us to address the issue raised in this appeal because it is of 
such compelling public importance to the lending and title abstract communities, municipalities, and 
others.  They argue the issue presented here is a recurring one and justifies 
review at this time.  We agree .  There is little doubt that this case 
involves an important issue of statutory construction.  Moreover, we are satisfied that controversies 
similar to this one will present themselves in the future and may well 
evade appellate disposition.  Accordingly, we elect to decide the case on its merits.
         
                      II.
     Prior to l994, in addition to an owner, holder of an outstanding 
tax lien certificate, mortgagee, or occupant of land sold for municipal liens, any 
"other person having an interest in land sold for municipal liens" was entitled 
to redeem a tax sale certificate.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-54.  Crown's judgment lien interest would 
have clearly qualified under the catchall designation, and CM's ability to foreclose its 
tax sale certificate could have been disturbed by Crown's right of redemption.  However, 
in l994, the Legislature deleted the phrase "other person having an interest in 
[land]" from N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, and amended the statute to its present form:
Except as hereinafter provided, the owner, his heirs, holder of any prior outstanding 
tax lien certificate, mortgagee, or occupant of land sold for municipal taxes, assessment 
for benefits . . . or other municipal charges, may redeem it at 
any time until the right to redeem has been cut off in the 
manner in this chapter set forth, by paying to the collector . . 
. the amount required for redemption as hereinafter set forth.
     [L. 1994, c. 32, § 8, eff. May 12, 1994.]
     The plain language of the statutory amendment demonstrates a clear legislative intent 
to eliminate the rights of those persons who did not have a sufficient 
interest in the property to warrant extension of the right of redemption to 
them in favor of more protection for the owner of the property, as 
well as the holder of the certificate.  This is reflected in the legislative 
history:
[N.J.S.A.] 54:5-54 is amended to limit persons who may redeem land sold for 
municipal taxes to the owner, heirs of the owner, mortgagees, holders of outstanding 
tax sale certificates, or occupant of the land.  Under current law any person 
having an interest in the land, which could include such persons as bail 
bondsmen, can redeem a property implying that such persons must also be given 
notice of the proceedings.
[Assemb. Local Gov't Comm. Statement to Assemb., No. 936 (January 24, 1994).]
Whether the Legislature was motivated by a desire to reduce the number of 
persons who may claim an interest in the land or merely to reduce 
the notice requirements of the foreclosing certificate holder, both of which Judge Davis 
deemed were inferable from the limited legislative history of the amendment, the clear 
legislative intent was to narrow the category of persons entitled to redeem a 
tax sale certificate.  
     A judgment lien is a creature of statute.  Gibau v. Klein, 
329 N.J. 
Super. 227, 231 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 
165 N.J. 486 (2000).  Thus, Crown's 
interest as a judgment creditor can only be as effective as that which 
the Legislature has afforded it by statutory grant.   Brescher v. Gern, Dunetz, Davison 
& Weinstein, P.C., 
245 N.J. Super. 365, 368 (App. Div. 1991).  The right 
to redeem land from a tax sale is also statutory in origin, and 
the rights arising from it are fixed and determined by the statute.   Brewer 
v. Porch, 
53 N.J. 167, 173 (1969); Lonsk v. Pennefather, 
168 N.J. Super. 178, 182 (App. Div. 1979), certif. denied, 
82 N.J. 285 (1980). 
    When called upon to interpret a statute, the "overriding goal has consistently been 
to determine the Legislature's intent."  Young v. Schering Corp., 
141 N.J. 16, 25 
(1995);  E. Dickerson & Son, Inc. v. Ernst & Young, L.L.P., 
361 N.J. 
Super. 362, 366-67 (App. Div.), certif. granted, ___ N.J. ___ (2003).  The first 
step in determining the Legislature's intent is to look at the plain language 
of the statute.  Hubbard v. Reed, 
168 N.J. 387, 392 (2001) (citations omitted). 
 It is a well known rule of statutory construction that where a statute 
is clear and free from ambiguity on its face and admits of only 
one interpretation, a court must infer the Legislature's intent from the statute's plain 
meaning.  V.C. v. M.J.B., 
163 N.J. 200, 217, cert. denied, 
531 U.S. 926, 
121 S. Ct. 302, 
148 L. Ed.2d 243 (2000); Franklin Tower One, 
L.L.C. v. N.M., 
157 N.J. 602, 613 (1999).  A court may neither rewrite 
a plainly-written enactment of the Legislature nor presume that the Legislature intended something 
other than that expressed by the plain language, given its ordinary and well 
understood meaning.   O'Connell v. State, 
171 N.J. 484, 488 (2002); Cornblatt v. Barow, 
153 N.J. 218, 231 (1998).
    The l994 amendment to N.J.S.A. 54:5-54 deleted the phrase "other person having an 
interest in [land]" and clearly delineated on its face who is entitled to 
redeem a tax sale certificate.  The amendment provides an exclusive statutory right to 
redeem a tax sale certificate to an enumerated group, which does not include 
judgment creditors.  Presumably, the Legislature determined that a judgment creditor has adequate other 
remedies, such as purchasing the land at its judgment execution sale and acquiring 
the status of an owner, as occurred during the pendency of this appeal.
     Nor are judgment creditors implicitly included under the aegis of mortgagee.  It 
is clear from the plain language and meaning of the amendment that the 
Legislature restricted the statutory right to redeem land in a foreclosure proceeding to 
specific persons or entities who have a direct interest in the property being 
sold for municipal liens and excluded all others.  It is intuitive that this 
would include an owner, his heirs, and an occupant of the property.  It 
is also logical to include the holder of a prior tax sale certificate, 
as real estate taxes are only a lien on the land assessed and 
are not the personal obligation of the owner, S&R Assocs. v. Lynn Realty 
Corp., 
338 N.J. Super. 350, 360 (App. Div. 2001); City of Newark v. 
Cent. and Lafayette Realty Co., 
150 N.J. Super. 18, 21 (App. Div.), certif. 
denied, 
75 N.J. 528 (1977),  and a mortgagee, who has a contractual security 
interest in the property but no claim against the person absent a note 
or other personal obligation, Chemical Bank New Jersey, N.A. v. City of Absecon, 
13 N.J. Tax 1, 8 (1992); 29 New Jersey Practice, Law of Mortgages 
§§ 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, at 60, 196-210 (Myron C. Weinstein) (2d ed. 2001).   On 
the other hand, a judgment creditor obtains a personal judgment, which it may 
satisfy in a number of ways, including the payment of the debt out 
of any of the debtor's realty by forcing its sale.  New Brunswick Sav. 
Bank v. Markouski, 
123 N.J. 402, 411-12 (1991); 3 Richard R. Powell,  Powell 
on Real Property ¶ 477[2] at 38-6 (1990).  Thus, it is clear that a 
judgment creditor does not have the same type of interest in property as 
does a mortgagee; therefore, there is no basis to interpret the statute broadly 
to include judgment creditors within the class of persons, like mortgagees, entitled to 
exercise a right of redemption of a tax sale certificate.    
 
     Nor is there a public policy basis to extend the right of redemption 
of tax sale certificates to judgment creditors.  The New Jersey Tax Sale Law, 
N.J.S.A. 54:5-1 to -104, was enacted to encourage the sale and foreclosure of 
tax lien certificates to assist municipalities in collecting revenue for delinquent real estate 
taxes and other municipal liens.  Bron v. Weintraub, 
42 N.J. 87, 91 (1964); 
Lonsk, supra, 168 N.J. Super. at 182.   These statutory provisions are expressly intended 
to be "liberally construed as remedial legislation to encourage the barring of the 
right of redemption by actions in the Superior Court to the end that 
marketable titles [to land] may thereby be secured."  N.J.S.A. 54:5-85; see also N.J.S.A. 
54:5-3; Lonsk, supra, 168 N.J. Super. at 182. 
    In order to effectuate the remedial objectives of the statute, the Legislature made 
municipal liens paramount to prior claims and set forth a detailed procedure for 
the sale, redemption, and foreclosure of such liens.  A brief review of the 
statutes may be instructive to better understand the procedure established by our Legislature 
to facilitate the collection of taxes.  When a property owner fails to pay 
property taxes or other municipal assessments on a property, a first priority lien 
is created for the amount due, plus interest, penalties, and costs.   N.J.S.A. 54:5-6 
to -9.  The lien attaches to the property and does not become a 
personal liability of the taxpayer.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-6.  When a lien remains in arrears, 
the tax collector is required to "enforce the lien by selling the property 
in the manner set forth" by the Tax Sale Law.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-19.  
     Municipalities sell tax certificates to generate funds owed by delinquent taxpayers because "[m]unicipalities 
depend on the collection of property taxes and other assessments to fund the 
many services provided to residents."  Michael G. Pellegrino, Ralph Allocca & Ronnie Spring, 
Why the Courts Should Sweep Away an Old Decision and Allow Receivers in 
Tax Sale Certificate Foreclosures, 
142 N.J.L.J. 8 (Oct. 2, 1995), see also Note, 
Tax Sale Law in New Jersey: A Re-Examination, 
26 Rutgers L. Rev. 266 
(1973); Kerr v. Trescher, 
34 N.J. Super. 437, 444 (Ch. Div. 1955).   As 
our Supreme Court has noted on several occasions, quoting Oliver Wendell Holmes:
[T]axes are the lifeblood of government, the vital force needed to sustain the 
public interest.  Stated otherwise, "Taxes are what we pay for civilized society."
[City of Philadelphia v. Bauer, 
97 N.J. 372, 384 (1984) (quoting City of 
Philadelphia v. Austin, 
86 N.J. 55, 65-66 (1981), quoting, in turn, Compania General 
de Tabacos de Filipinas v. Collector of Internal Revenue, 
275 U.S. 87, 100, 
48 S. Ct. 100, 105, 
72 L. Ed. 177, 183  (1927) (Holmes, J., 
dissenting)).]
It is in the public interest to encourage parties to purchase tax liens 
to enable municipalities to receive their lost tax revenues.  Simon v. Chicago Title 
Ins. Co., 
363 N.J. Super. 582, 587 (App. Div. 2003).  The public policy 
is advanced by our decision in this case. 
    The sale of the certificate is made in fee simple, subject to redemption 
at the lowest rate of interest bid at the sale.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-32, -54. 
 It is generally the expectation that the certificate will be redeemed at a 
profit to the lien holder. The certificate may be sold to the public, 
the municipality, or even to the State.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-30.1, -34, -34.1.  These certificates 
are assignable, N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, and may be recorded as a mortgage with the 
county recording office, N.J.S.A. 54:5-50.  
    Although the property is "sold" as evidenced by a tax sale certificate, N.J.S.A. 
54:5-46, a tax sale certificate is not an outright conveyance, and the certificate 
holder does not have title to the land.  Savage v. Weissman, 
355 N.J. 
Super. 429, 436 (App. Div. 2002); Township of Jefferson v. Block 447A, Lot 
l0, 
228 N.J. Super. 1, 4 (App. Div. 1988); Gasorek v. Gruber, 
126 N.J. Super. 511, 515 (App. Div. l974). The certificate holder succeeds to the 
lien interest of the taxing district.  Weissman, supra, 355 N.J. Super. at 436; 
Township of Jefferson, supra, 288 N.J. Super. at 4; Manning v. Kasdin, 
97 N.J. Super. 406, 417 (App. Div. 1967), certif. denied, 
51 N.J. 182 (1968). 
 The certificate holder's interest consists of three significant rights: (1) the right to 
receive the sum paid for the certificate with interest at the redemption rate 
for which the property was sold,  up to a maximum of 18%,   N.J.S.A. 
54:5-32, -58; (2) the right to redeem from any other holder a subsequently 
issued tax sale certificate, Realty Sales Corp. v. Payne, 
76 N.J. Super. 59, 
61-62 (Ch. Div. l962), aff'd o.b., 
78 N.J. Super. 504 (App. Div.), certif. 
denied, 
41 N.J. 162 (1963); and, most importantly, (3) the right to acquire 
title by foreclosing the equity of redemption of all outstanding interests, including the 
owner's, N.J.S.A. 54:5-86.  Township of Jefferson, supra, 228 N.J. Super. at 4-5.
    The legislative scheme is intended to transfer the burden of foreclosure from a 
municipality, whose primary occupation is governance, to private individuals.  Simon v. Deptford Township., 
272 N.J. Super. 21, 26 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 
137 N.J. 310 (1994). 
 The "legislative objective [of the Tax Sale Law] . . . is to 
enable local governments to realize taxes by returning property to the paying tax 
rolls without first expending money to foreclose or bar the equity of redemption." 
 Ibid.  In order to encourage purchasers of tax sale certificates, and thereby aid 
municipalities in raising revenue, the Legislature also encourages the foreclosure of these certificates. 
 Bron, supra, 42 N.J. at 91; Lonsk, supra, 168 N.J. Super. at 182. 
 A non-municipal purchaser may, after two years from the date of sale, institute 
an action to bar the right of redemption by way of a strict 
foreclosure action filed in the Chancery Division of the Superior Court.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-86. 
 In such an action, the foreclosing tax certificate holder submits proofs and asks 
the court to fix the amount, time, and place for redemption. If no 
redemption is made by that deadline, final judgment is entered, barring the right 
of redemption and foreclosing all prior or subsequent alienations and descents of the 
lands and encumbrances thereon, except subsequent municipal liens, and the certificate holder is 
vested with an estate of inheritance in fee simple, free and clear of 
all liens.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-87.
    The foreclosure does not wipe out a judgment against a property owner, but 
only eliminates the lien of the judgment on the parcel in question.  New 
Brunswick Sav. Bank, supra, 123 N.J. at 413-14.  By reducing the ranks of 
those entitled to redeem, the l994 amendment to N.J.S.A. 54:5-54 comports with the 
legislative policy of consciously and intentionally increasing the viability and efficiency of the 
Tax Sale Law and foreclosure process.  If an executing judgment creditor, not enumerated 
within the specified interests entitled to redeem a tax sale certificate being foreclosed, 
were included within the statutory ambit, it would thwart the statutory scheme and 
foster uncertainty in titles.  More particularly, if the statute were given an expansive 
reading as urged by Crown, then a subsequent purchaser of fee simple title 
of tax foreclosed real estate would experience the same difficulties in clearing title 
that the amended statute is intended to eliminate.
                     III.      
    Pursuant to 
N.J.S.A. 54:5-9, as a municipal lienholder, CM had the statutory priority 
and authority to foreclose on its tax sale certificate.  As a judgment creditor, 
Crown was in a subordinate position with an inferior lien and no statutory 
ability to redeem the tax sale certificate.  Id; N.J.S.A. 54:5-54.  In defending against 
CM's foreclosure action, Crown attempted to rely upon the doctrine of equitable subrogation 
and asserted it was an equitable owner of the property.  More particularly, Crown 
argued, it should be permitted to stand in the owner's shoes and redeem 
the tax sale certificate based on the exhaustive actions it had taken, and 
money it had expended, to get the property titled back into Gordon's name 
and execute on its judgment by sheriff's sale, stayed only by Gordon's unjustified 
interference.   
      Judge Davis was not persuaded by Crown's argument, which he categorized as "turn[ing] 
the doctrine of equitable subrogation somewhat on its head."  In concluding that Crown 
was not entitled to redeem under the theory of equitable subrogation, he stated:
Equitable subrogation is used to put a party who has already expended the 
time and money necessary to protect its interest to secure its place.  Crown 
wishes to use the doctrine of equitable subrogation in order to secure its 
place prior to expending the time and money necessary to protect its interest. 
This distinction is a meaningful one, if only because the equitable maxim on 
which the doctrine is at least in part based - equity does that 
which ought to be done - is highly dependent upon the thing already 
being done. . . . 
    Crown is not a surety of the debt, and so Crown must find 
some other means of invoking equitable subrogation.  Kaplan [v. Walker, 
164 N.J. Super. 130, 138 (App. Div. 1978)] stands for the proposition that equitable subrogation may 
be invoked to protect one with an existing ownership interest in the property. 
. . . The court must pause before permitting Crown to invoke equitable 
subrogation under Kaplan because Crown has only a lien interest in the Gordon 
property.  The ability to invoke the doctrine of equitable subrogation depends upon the 
existence of an ownership interest. . . . 
Research fails to reveal cases in which the doctrine of equitable subrogation was 
invoked based upon the fraudulent acts of a third party or upon the 
weight of a subrogee's efforts.  The one case cited by Crown in support 
of its theory - Gutermuth v. Ropiecki, 
159 N.J. Super. 139 (Ch. Div. 
l977) [holding, under the doctrine of equitable subrogation, purchasers who paid off and 
discharged mortgages and judgments that were open of record before the closing, were 
entitled to discharge of a judgment lien which had been docketed against one 
of the grantors shortly after conveyance of property to purchasers but before the 
deed and purchase money mortgage were recorded]                 does not address the issue at 
bar and is of little value to the court.  
    . . . .
    That Crown is not a surety means that to permit it to invoke 
the doctrine of equitable subrogation would result in an outcome contrary to the 
expressed intent of the legislature.  
    Judge Davis properly exercised his discretion in rejecting Crown's equitable subrogation argument.  See 
Metrobank For Sav., FSB v. Nat'l Cmty. Bank of New Jersey, 
262 N.J. 
Super. 133, 144 (App. Div. 1993) (citing Goldome Realty Credit Corp. v. Harwick, 
236 N.J. Super. 118, 126 (Ch. Div. l989) (holding subrogation, as an equitable 
doctrine, is applied only in the exercise of the court's equitable discretion)).  We 
agree with his analysis.  Crown was not a surety of Gordon, merely a 
judgment creditor.  Crown was not liable for any of Gordon's debt nor was 
there any contractual relationship between the parties.  Moreover, Crown did not pay any 
money on behalf of Gordon. The funds it expended to set aside the 
transfer of the property were for the sole purpose of preserving an asset 
available for partial satisfaction of its own judgment.  Thus, there is no basis 
to invoke the doctrine of equitable subrogation to permit the judgment creditor to 
redeem the tax sale certificate and defeat the certificate holder's ability to foreclose.
     In considering the equities of the case, the Chancery Division judge was 
also persuaded by the fact, as are we, that Crown had the same 
ability to purchase the tax lien certificate as did CM.  Although the judgment 
creditor made a large expenditure of time and money to set aside the 
fraudulent conveyance of Gordon's property, it failed to preserve its interest in the 
property
  with respect to a municipal lienholder.  As Judge Davis noted,
In protecting its interest to the extraordinary lengths it did, Crown should have 
availed itself of the existence of the tax sale certificates [which are recorded, 
and are disclosed upon any search of title for a particular property] and 
taken the appropriate action - purchasing the tax sale certificates and redeeming them 
itself - as it seeks to do now.  Though Crown has surely done 
much to protect its interest, Crown slept on its rights in this important 
regard.  The statute disfavors Crown in the first instance; to have slept on 
such an important right must, in the court's view, prove fatal to Crown's 
prayer for relief.  
                    IV.
     On appeal, Crown also asserts a constitutional challenge, claiming the motion judge's 
narrow interpretation of N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, precluding judgment creditors from the right of redemption, 
renders notice by publication of tax sales pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:5-26 unconstitutional.  According 
to Crown, this results in a deprivation of judgment creditors' property interests, particularly 
those located outside New Jersey.  Crown concedes it is not appropriate here to 
challenge the constitutionality of either statute, because the issue was not raised below 
and because it did not notify the Attorney General of such challenge as 
required by Rule 4:28-4.  Crown asks us, however, if we affirm Judge Davis's 
interpretation of N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, to impose a judicial requirement on N.J.S.A. 54:5-26, consistent 
with due process, that judgment creditors receive actual notice of the initial tax 
sale.  According to Crown, "[i]t would become constitutionally necessary to provide actual notice 
to judgment creditors of the initial tax sale so that they may act 
to protect their interests at that time which would apparently be their last 
opportunity to do so."  We decline to do so.  We perceive no infirmity 
in the statutory scheme to warrant judicial intervention.  Crown has not demonstrated an 
entitlement to enhanced notice.  New Brunswick Sav. Bank, supra, 
123 N.J. 402 (1991). 
 It had ample opportunity to purchase and redeem the tax sale certificate.  Crown's 
recourse is with the Legislature, not with the court.  
     In order to divest title under a tax sale, there must be strict 
compliance with the notice provisions of the statute.  State v. Landis Township, 
50 N.J.L. 374, 379 (1888); Mitsch v. Riverside Township, 
86 N.J.L. 603, 608 (1914). 
 Notice of the sale, identifying the property, owner, and total amount due, must 
be sent to the owner,  N.J.S.A. 54:5-27, and posted in public places in 
the municipality and published in a newspaper of general circulation.  N.J.S.A. 54:5-25 and 
-26.  These requirements, with which the Township complied, satisfy due process and attract 
third parties to the opportunity to acquire the property.  Additionally, prior tax sale 
certificates on the property are recorded, as are assignments, N.J.S.A. 54:5-50, and are 
disclosed upon any search of title for a particular property.  
    Because Crown domesticated the judgment in New Jersey after the l994 amendment to 
N.J.S.A. 54:5-54, it should have been aware it could not rely on any 
legal entitlement to redeem the tax sale certificate.  Crown was on notice of 
delinquent taxes and the issuance of prior tax certificates on the property.  Crown 
could have contacted the tax collector at any time after obtaining its judgment 
against Gordon to inquire about a tax sale of the property.  Crown could 
have purchased the subject certificate at the July 1999 public municipal sale or 
received an assignment during the two and one-half year period prior to the 
assignment to CM.  Crown had the same ability as CM to secure the 
tax sale certificate, but failed to protect its interest under N.J.S.A. 54:5-54.  Neither 
equitable nor legal principles justify placing a judgment creditor, particularly one who sleeps 
on its rights, in a better position than a tax sale certificate holder 
with regard to the right to redeem from foreclosure of the certificate. 
    Affirmed.