SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-865-99T3
CHRISTINE VELLUCCI and
LEONARD T. VELLUCCI,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
ROBERT DiMELLA,
Defendant-Respondent,
v.
VICTORIA HENDERSON,
Defendant.
__________________________________
Submitted: January 17, 2001 -- Decided March
5, 2001
Before Judges Pressler, Ciancia and Alley.
On appeal from the Superior Court of
New Jersey, Law Division, Mercer County,
L-5283-96.
Stark & Stark, attorneys for appellants (Mark
W. Davis, of counsel and on the brief).
Law Offices of Gregory J. Sutton, attorney for
respondent Robert DiMella (Raymond M. LaSalle,
of counsel and on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
CIANCIA, J.A.D.
In this automobile negligence action, the trial judge granted
summary judgment in favor of defendants upon a determination that
plaintiff Christine VellucciSee footnote 11 failed to meet the verbal threshold
standards set forth in New Jersey's No-Fault Automobile Insurance
Statute. N.J.S.A. 39:6A-1 to -35; Oswin v. Shaw,
129 N.J. 290
(1992).
We now reverse the summary judgment in favor of defendants,See footnote 22
primarily because plaintiffs were denied oral argument on the
motion. R. 1:6-2. We also have additional concerns with the
rationale used by the trial judge in reaching the conclusion that
plaintiff had not met all the statutory requirements necessary to
defeat defendants' motion.
At this stage of our procedural jurisprudence, it should
hardly be necessary to point out that R. 1:6-2 sets forth an
entitlement to oral argument on substantive motions when argument
is properly requested. The trial court retains discretion as to
whether oral argument is necessary or appropriate when "the motion
involves pretrial discovery or is directly addressed to the
calendar. . . . " R. 1:6-2(d). But, "[a]s to all other motions
the request shall be granted as of right." Ibid. Argument can be
requested by either party and the moving party may condition a
request for argument upon the motion being contested. That is what
occurred here when defendants moved for summary judgment.
Plaintiffs, in contesting the motion, did not make a separate
request for argument, but under the rule they were not obligated to
do so. They were entitled to rely on defendants' conditional
request because the condition had been met. The record does not
reveal why oral argument was not granted, but plaintiffs allege
that the motion judge indicated it was not the policy to grant oral
argument on verbal threshold motions. Obviously, any such policy
runs counter to R. 1:6-2(d).
The parties are entitled to argument on defendants' summary
judgment motion and we will not prejudge the merits of that
application. The oral decision of the trial judge, however,
concerns us from a more substantive perspective.
Plaintiff alleged that her injuries qualify, alternatively,
as type 6, type 7, type 8 or type 9 injuries. Oswin, supra, 129
N.J. at 315. Indeed, the motion judge agreed that plaintiffs'
proofs met the "first prong" of the Oswin test because plaintiffs
had produced objective credible medical evidence sufficient to
"support a jury finding" in plaintiffs' favor. Oswin, supra, 129
N.J. at 307. Unfortunately, the trial judge never specified into
which numerical category or categories the injuries fell. This
becomes significant because the judge went on to find that "the
second part of the prong is showing that plaintiff's injuries have
[a] serious impact" on plaintiff's life, and that prong had not
been met. While the trial judge's statement is correct as to
injuries falling within category 6, 7 or 8, it is not, in our view,
the test for a category 9 injury. A category 9 injury is defined
as follows:
[A] medically determined injury or
impairment of a non-permanent nature which
prevents the injured person from performing
substantially all of the material acts which
constitute that person's usual and customary
daily activities for not less than 90 days
during the 180 days immediately following the
occurrence of the injury or impairment. . . .
[N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8a.]
If a plaintiff's injury comes within the four corners of that
definition, then the statutory requirements have been met.
Jefferson v. Freeman,
296 N.J. Super. 54, 62-63 (App. Div. 1996);
Costa v. Perez,
272 N.J. Super. 108 (App. Div. 1994). It is not
necessary to also establish a "serious impact" on plaintiff's life
over and above the consequences set forth within the definition of
a category 9 injury. This distinction is of particular
significance in a case such as the present one because plaintiff
alleges, among other things, that she was out of work for seventy-
three days in the first three months after the accident and was
unable to perform "virtually any activity" that was part of her
daily routine, including sleeping, exercising, gardening, household
chores, sexual relations with her husband and the continuation of
a major home refurbishing project she had undertaken with her
husband.
Aside from the possibility that the trial judge may have
erroneously added a "serious impact" standard to the requirements
for a type 9 injury, we are also concerned that the statutory
language describing a type 9 injury was construed too narrowly.
The trial judge, at one point in the opinion, apparently was of the
view that any absence from work of less than 90 days within the 180
days immediately following the accident was preclusive of a
successful type 9 claim. We disagree. The inability to work for
90 days within the 180-day period following the accident is
certainly important, but it is not the exclusive consideration. A
court must evaluate all factors relating to a plaintiff's usual and
customary daily activities. If a plaintiff falls a few days short
in terms of the number of days off from work that, in and of
itself, is not necessarily determinative.
Accordingly, we believe the decision on defendants' motion for
summary judgment was procedurally deficient, perhaps substantively
deficient. The judgment in favor of defendants is reversed and the
matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
Reversed and remanded.
Footnote: 1 1 Christine Vellucci was the actual occupant of the vehicle that was involved in the accident. Leonard T. Vellucci is her husband and sues per quod. Footnote: 2 2 The summary judgment motion was made and granted on behalf of both defendants. However, a year before that motion was made, an order was entered granting summary judgment to "Victoria Henderson only" by a different judge than the judge who issued the summary judgment order now under review. We note that only defendant Robert DiMella is a respondent on appeal. It appears that defendant Victoria Henderson was named in the litigation only as the owner of the vehicle driven by Robert DiMella. The earlier summary judgment in her favor was apparently never the subject of an interlocutory appeal and that summary judgment is not before us. This opinion refers to defendants in the plural because the order under review includes both. It may very well be that on remand, when circumstances are clarified, Robert DiMella is the only viable remaining defendant.