SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-410-98T3
A-3947-98T5
CNA INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
WENDY J. CANNING and ANTHONY
CIRRINGIONE,
Defendants-Appellants.
__________________________________
CONTINENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
JAMES E. HUEBNER,
Defendant-Respondent.
__________________________________
Argued: December 1, 1999 - Decided: January
19, 2000
Before Judges King and P.G. Levy.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Burlington County and
Middlesex County.
Mati Jarve argued the cause for appellants
Wendy J. Canning and Anthony Cirrigione
(Garber, Kastein, Jarve & Mullen, attorneys;
Ms. Jarve, on the brief).
John C. Simons argued the cause for respondent
CNA Insurance Company and appellant
Continental Insurance Co. (Hoagland, Longo,
Moran, Dunst & Doukas, attorneys; Mr. Simons,
on the brief).
MaryEllen McGugan argued the cause for
respondent James E. Huebner (Flynn Austin &
Associates, attorneys; Ms. McGugan, of counsel
and on the brief).
Mary Ann Bryant appeared for amicus curiae
Association of Trial Lawyers of America_New
Jersey Chapter (Friedman, Bafundo & Porter,
attorneys; Robert A. Porter, on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
P.G. LEVY, J.A.D.
On January 22, 1995, Anthony Cirringione was injured when
the automobile he was driving, owned by Cheryl Kudrna, collided
with a vehicle driven by Wendy Canning. He sued Canning and
learned during discovery, that her liability insurance policy had
a limit of $100,000. Cirringione's own policy had a $50,000 limit
for liability coverage (and thus the same amount for underinsured
motorist coverage (UIM)). Kudrna's car, considered the host
vehicle for Cirringione, had a liability limit of $500,000 insured
by CNA Insurance Company. Cirringione asserted that Canning, the
tortfeasor, was underinsured by $400,000, the difference between
the host's coverage and the tortfeasor's, and sought UIM coverage
from the host's insurer, CNA. CNA denied coverage because
Cirringione's personal coverage was less than the tortfeasor's.
On September 20, 1995, James Heubner was operating a car
owned by Jane McConnell, and he was injured when that car collided
with another operated by Francis Ellis and owned by Susan Little.
Heubner had $15,000 coverage on his own policy issued by Prudential
Insurance Company. McConnell, owner of the host vehicle, had
$300,000 coverage with Continental Insurance Company, and Little,
the alleged tortfeasor, had $25,000/$50,000 coverage with Newark
Insurance Company. Thus, Heubner asserted that Little was
underinsured by $275,000, the difference between the host's
coverage and the tortfeasor's, and sought UIM coverage from the
host's insurer, Continental. Continental denied coverage because
Heubner's liability limit was less than the tortfeasor's.
Each insurance company filed a declaratory judgment
action. CNA succeeded on its motion for summary judgment but
Continental did not. Cirringione and Continental each appealed and
we ordered the appeals consolidated because the issues are
practically identical.
The CNA policy defines a "covered person" for
underinsured motorist coverage purposes as:
1. You or any family member.
2. Any other person occupying your covered
automobile.
3. Any person for damages that person is
entitled to recover because of bodily
injury to which this coverage applies
sustained by a person described in 1. or
2. above.
The Continental policy is quite similar:
1. Covered person means:
c. Any [] person occupying an insured motor
vehicle with your consent, except when struck
by, a vehicle owned by you or that person
which is not insured for this coverage under
this policy.
It is undisputed that each driver occupied the host's covered
vehicle and did so with the host's consent. Each policy provides
underinsured coverage benefits to a "covered person" in clear
unambiguous language.
Our Supreme Court considered similar claims, first in
French v. New Jersey School Bd. Assn.,
149 N.J. 478 (1997), and
then in three cases the next year: Magnifico v. Rutgers Casualty
Ins. Co.,
153 N.J. 406 (1998); New Jersey Manufacturers Ins. Co. v.
Breen,
153 N.J. 424 (1998); and Grant v. Amica Mutual Ins. Co.,
153 N.J. 433 (1998). Those cases provide that "once the threshold test
for a UIM claim has been met," the insured can seek coverage under
all other policies under which he or she might be insured. French,
supra, 149 N.J. at 495; Magnifico, supra, 153 N.J. at 415. The
"threshold test" intended by the Supreme Court is whether the
injured party "held"See footnote 11 the host's policy, and that is determined by
looking to whether the host's policy was "actually purchased by or
purchased for the benefit of the prospective UIM claimant."
French, supra, 149 N.J. at 485; Aubrey v. Harleysville Ins. Cos.,
140 N.J. 397, 404 (1995).
The insurance companies contend that each driver owned
another insured automobile with liability coverage, so neither host
could have intended to have its insurance policy cover a
"fortuitous occupant" such as Cirringione and Heubner. The
companies seek to distinguish the factual situations of French (an
employee of the host) and Breen and Grant (a resident relative of
the host) from those of these two cases on appeal. We disagree and
hold that the same result applies here where the policy explicitly
covers "any person" occupying the host's insured vehicle. The
concept of the fortuitous driver comes from Taylor v. National
Union Fire Ins. Co.,
289 N.J. Super. 593 (App. Div. 1996), which
was effectively overruled by the 1998 Supreme Court trilogy. Once
an insurer issues a policy insuring all occupants, any occupant can
claim that the coverage of that vehicle is coverage "held" by that
occupant.
The insurance companies drafted these contracts of adhesion,
and thus any ambiguities should be resolved in favor of the
insureds. Meier v. New Jersey Life Ins. Co.,
101 N.J. 597, 611
(1986). In doing so, we recognize that we must interpret policies
to afford coverage "to the full extent that any fair interpretation
will allow." Kievit v. Loyal Protective Life Ins. Co.,
34 N.J. 475, 482 (1961)(citations omitted). The contract language drafted
by these insurance companies is clear and unambiguous in providing
coverage for any person occupying the host insured's motor vehicle.
We will not undertake to write a new policy or exclude language
from an existing policy to benefit the insurer. Walker Rogge, Inc.
v. Chelsea Title & Guar. Co.,
116 N.J. 517, 529 (1989). We are
simply holding these insurance companies to the contracts they
drafted and signed.
Accordingly, we reverse the summary judgment granted to
CNA in A-410-98T3, and we affirm the summary judgment granted to
Heubner in A-3947-98T5.
Footnote: 1 1The uninsured motorist statute provides:
[a] motor vehicle is underinsured when the
sum of the limits of liability under all
bodily injury and property damage liability
bonds and insurance policies available to a
person against whom recovery is sought for
bodily injury or property damage is, at the
time of the accident, less than the
applicable limits for underinsured motorist
coverage afforded under the motor vehicle
insurance policy held by the person seeking
that recovery.
[N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1(e)(emphasis supplied)].