SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3643-00T1
DELZON L. KINGETT and
JANE KINGETT,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
THOMAS L. MILLER, ESQ.
Defendant-Respondent.
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Argued: January 24, 2002 - Decided:
February 6, 2002
Before Judges Newman, Fall and Axelrad.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Somerset County, L-
1305-99.
Alex R. DeSevo argued the cause for appellant
(Levinson Axelrod, attorneys; James J. Dunn,
on the brief).
Stephen G. Sweet argued the cause for
respondent (Sweet, Pasquarelli & Wiebalk,
attorneys; Mr. Sweet, on the brief).
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
AXELRAD, J.T.C. (temporarily assigned).
In this business invitee slip-and-fall case, plaintiffs,
Delzon L. Kingett and Jane Kingett, appeal from an order granting
summary judgment in favor of defendant, Thomas L. Miller, Esquire,
dismissing their complaint.
Plaintiffs, Delzon Kingett, a sixty-five year old man and his
wife Jane went to defendant's law office to execute their wills.
They entered the office through the front door. As it was raining
heavily that day, Mr. Kingett asked the receptionist if he and his
wife could exit through the side door because it was closer to
where his car was parked. The receptionist replied, "Okay, but be
careful." Mr. Kingett quipped, "if I fall, I'll sue." As he
stepped onto the stairs, he noticed they were steep with narrow
treads and there were no handrails. He turned to warn his wife who
was right behind him, lost his balance, slipped, fell and severely
injured himself.
The motion judge granted summary judgment in favor of
defendant, stating, in pertinent part:
The question is what's the duty of the
defendant to this plaintiff.
. . . .
The duty that is owed to this plaintiff by
this defendant is a duty to exercise
reasonable care, to make the premises
reasonably safe, or give warning of a
dangerous condition.
There is absolutely no question but that
the receptionist, in turning to the gentleman
and saying, "okay, but be careful," discharges
the duty to give a warning.
It's a perfectly adequate warning. There
is . . . nothing in the record to support the
suggestion that's made . . . that the verbal
warning isn't good enough, that we needed a
sign or a flag or, you know, somebody helping
the gentleman down the step.
Certainly, on this record, there's simply
no issue for the jury to try. Even if . . .
the stairs are dangerous, which is only
admitted for the purposes of the motion,
turning and saying to the gentleman, "okay,
but be careful," is a sufficient warning [of a
dangerous condition].
On appeal, plaintiffs assert that the motion judge erred when
she ruled that, as a matter of law, defendant discharged his duty
to plaintiffs with the simple warning, "be careful." We agree and
conclude that under these circumstances, whether the warning is
adequate to discharge the duty owed by defendant to his business
invitees is a jury question.
A landowner's duty to a business invitee to exercise
reasonable care in guarding against a dangerous condition may be
satisfied by either correcting the condition, or, in those
circumstances where it is reasonable to do so, by giving warning to
the invitee of the unsafe condition. Berrios v. United Parcel
Serv.,
265 N.J. Super. 436, 442 (Law Div. l992), aff'd,
265 N.J.
Super. 368 (App. Div. l993).
Defendant stated in his deposition that he was aware the side
stairs were "difficult;" had conversations with his partner about
replacing them "because they were narrow and [had no] handrails,"
but chose not to; and had an unwritten policy in his office to
discourage use of the side stairs or to warn his clients to be
careful when using the side stairs. He also testified in
depositions that there had been signs in the past telling clients
to use the front door and, on occasion, he escorted elderly clients
through the front door. Additionally, according to plaintiffs'
brief, their liability expert, William Poznak, submitted a report
in which he stated that the construction and maintenance of the
stairway was contrary to several guidelines and rules for stair
safety, and as a result, caused the plaintiff to fall.
There may be a legitimate issue as to whether plaintiffs
should have been permitted to leave by the side entrance at all,
given the dangerous condition of the stairs. Moreover, the
receptionist's "be careful" comment must be, in the context of all
the competent evidential materials presented, viewed in the light
most favorable to plaintiffs, the non-moving parties. R. 4:46-2.
The warning did not, at least on its face, impart knowledge that
the staircase was or could be dangerous. Whether this warning was
adequate to meet the duty owed to the invitees is a question of
fact, which should have been presented to a jury. Monheit v.
Rottenberg,
295 N.J. Super. 320, 323 (App. Div. l996). A
reasonable jury could find that the warning alerted plaintiffs to
the fact that the stairs may be slippery because it was raining,
but not disclose that the stairs were steep, narrow and had no
handrail. Moreover, even if a reasonable fact finder could have
found that Mr. Kingett was comparatively negligent, it is the
function of the jury to determine the percentages of fault
attributed to each party.
Reversed and remanded for trial.