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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1456-06T51456-06T5
ESTATE OF SEYMOUR LIEBERMAN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CAROL GRONCZEWSKI,
Defendant-Respondent,
and
C.G. INVESTMENT REALTY, INC.,
Defendant.
Argued June 26, 2007 - Decided July 16, 2007
Before Judges Parker and Seltzer.
On appeal from the Superior Court
of New Jersey, Law Division, Union
County, L-2855-04.
Daniel Louis Grossman argued the cause for appellant.
Donald B. Fraser, Jr. argued the cause for respondent (Perrotta, Fraser & Forrester,
attorneys; Mr. Fraser, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff appeals from a September 27, 2006, judgment, entered after a bench trial, determining that it had failed to
prove by a preponderance of the evidence that defendant was obligated to pay $500,000 to its decedent. We affirm.
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a1456-06.opn.html
Plaintiff's complaint alleged that defendant was obligated by an agreement to pay plaintiff's decedent, Seymour
Lieberman, the sum of $500,000 plus interest. Judge Kathryn A. Brock authored a fourteen page written opinion in
which she considered the evidence presented during the two-day bench trial. She explained that she had denied
defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint at the conclusion of the plaintiff's case because:
this [c]ourt found that, giving the plaintiff all of the favorable inferences, there was
sufficient evidence for a finder of fact to return a verdict that Seymour invested a total
of $500,000 with [defendant,] Carol [Gronczewski], based on a consolidation agreement
made in late 1991, that the monthly payments on the investment were initially
$4,073.33, and then they were $4,100 from 1993 until February of 1999, when the last
payment was made.
The same evidence, the judge explained, required a denial of a motion to dismiss at the conclusion of the entire
case.
The judge then evaluated the evidence without indulging in a need to provide favorable inferences to one party or
the other. She found from the evidence that, although no document evidencing a debt was produced and no
witness had an independent recollection of the provisions of such a document, Seymour Lieberman and
Gronczewski had executed a document on December 2, 1991 "which listed all of the investments which Seymour
Lieberman had with Carol Gronczewski and the terms of the investment."
Judge Brock, however, also found from testimony given by Seymour Lieberman in unrelated litigation, "that some
of the money for the investments came from him personally, and some came from Wave Electronics [a corporation
owned or controlled by Seymour], but that all of the payments were made to him personally . . .                      ." Judge Brock
identified this as "the critical issue in the case" and elaborated on the problems that conclusion raised:
The difficulty with enforcing the terms of the agreement reached between the
parties in late 1991, is that it is not clear to whom the money is owed. Seymour himself
at his deposition stated that he could not recall how much of the money which had
been invested with Carol had come from him personally and how much had come from
the family owned corporation of Wave Electronics. He was specifically asked whether
more than half the money had come from Wave Electronics, and he could not recall. He
was then asked if the vast majority, more than $700,000 of the total of $750,000
invested with Carol, including funds turned over to establish a trust for the benefit of
his son, Doug, were actually from Wave Electronics, and Seymour could not recall.
Finally, Seymour was asked this question, "If I were to tell you that Ms. Gronczewski
does not have a single check from you, but all the checks she got were from Wave
Electronics, would you have a factual basis to dispute that contention?", and Seymour's
answer was, "No, I don't have."
The judge then concluded that "Seymour did treat at least some of the investments of Wave Electronics as his own."
She continued
Without the written agreement of late 1991 to establish precisely which investments
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were included in the $500,000 total, and whether assignments had been made of any
investments by Wave Electronics to Seymour which would account for the monthly
payments being made payable directly to him, this [c]ourt cannot enforce the
agreement in favor of Seymour's estate.
Therefore the plaintiff's claim cannot be proven by a preponderance of the evidence,
and the complaint must be dismissed.
Plaintiff now asserts that "the trial court erred in concluding that it could not enter judgment in favor of plaintiff."
On appeal of a verdict issued in a bench trial, "our appellate function is a limited one: we do not disturb the factual
findings and legal conclusions of the trial judge unless we are convinced that they are so manifestly unsupported by
or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice."
Fagliarone v. Twp. of N. Bergen, 78 N.J. Super. 154, 155 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 40 N.J. 221 (1963). Given this
standard, we have no basis to disturb Judge Brock's conclusions.
The judge, as she noted when she denied the motions to dismiss, could have found that Seymour Lieberman had
invested a total of $500,000 with Gronczewski. She also had evidence, however, that some unspecified amount of
that money came from a corporation rather than from Seymour. The judge's conclusion that she was unable to
determine that the $500,000 came from Seymour was supported by substantial credible evidence in the record and
her conclusion that, in the absence of an assignment from the corporation to Seymour, the agreement could not be
enforced to the extent that Seymour sought to secure payment of funds not advanced by him was appropriate. We
add that to the extent Carol agreed to pay Seymour funds she owed to the corporation, there was no evidence of
any consideration for that agreement.
Affirmed substantially for the reasons given by Judge Brock in her comprehensive written opinion dated September
27, 2006.
(continued)
(continued)
5
A-1456-06T5
July 16, 2007
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