SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-1708-98T2
GARRY KENNY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
NEW JERSEY MANUFACTURERS
INSURANCE COMPANY,
Defendant-Respondent.
Argued January 25, 2000 - Decided February 23,2000
Before Judges Pressler, Ciancia and Arnold.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Union County.
Judith A. Millman argued the cause for appellant
(Garrubbo, Romankow & Rinaldo, attorneys;
Ms. Millman, of counsel and on the brief).
Robert F. Cox argued the cause for respondent
(McCreedy and Cox, attorneys; Mr. Cox, on the
brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
PRESSLER, P.J.A.D.
Plaintiff Garry Kenny brought this action against his
automobile liability insurer, defendant New Jersey Manufacturers
Insurance Company (NJM), seeking an adjudication of his right to
the uninsured motorist (UM) coverage of the policy it issued to him
and for an order compelling it to arbitrate his UM claims. Both
parties moved for summary judgment. Plaintiff appeals from the
order granting defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint.
The facts are not in substantial dispute. Plaintiff was
employed by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority as a toll collector
stationed at interchange 16W. On February 16, 1995, he was injured
when a motorist to whom he was handing change somehow managed to
grab not only the money but also plaintiff's hand and started to
drive away from the toll booth before letting it go, injuring
plaintiff in the process. Plaintiff leaned out of the booth in an
attempt to obtain a description of the vehicle. While he was able
to identify it as a black and silver Astro van, he only managed to
ascertain the first letter of the license plate, a "D," although he
thought the next two letters might have been an "A" and an "L."
Based on his partial observation, he thought the license plate was
a dealer's plate because it started with "D." He was unable to
make any observation of the driver. He also certified that he did
not leave the toll collector's booth in an effort to make a better
observation because of an instruction to toll collectors not to do
so.
As a result of the incident, plaintiff sustained an injury of
the left hand and shoulder, was attended to that day in a hospital
emergency room, and was for some time thereafter receiving
extensive treatment, including arthroscopic surgery. He returned
to work on a part-time basis in November 1997 and full time in
March 1998. During that period, plaintiff filed a workers'
compensation petition.
On the date of his injury, plaintiff filed a report with the
Turnpike Authority as his employer describing the event,
identifying the make and color of the vehicle, and stating the
extent of his partial observation of the license plate. He
asserted in his certification on these motions that he did not
himself advise the police of the event since it was his belief that
the Turnpike Authority would do so. It appears, however, that the
Turnpike Authority's policy was only to advise the State Police of
emergency situations and since it did not regard this occurrence to
be in that category, it did not do so, and, in fact, the police
were never advised. Nor was the vehicle ever identified.
Plaintiff did, however, annex to his motion a certification from
the Coordinator of the Driver Review Division of the Division of
Motor Vehicles who asserted that a license "look-up" could not be
performed on the basis of the information plaintiff was able to
supply.
Plaintiff did not seek the benefit of the UM coverage of the
NJM policy until some eight months after the event. NJM disclaimed
on the basis of two provisions of the UM coverage which it claimed
plaintiff had violated, namely sections A and C1 of Part H of the
UM coverage. Section A purports to relieve the insurer of the
obligation to provide the coverage unless the insured "promptly"
notifies the carrier of "how, when and where the accident or loss
happened ..." including "the names and addresses of any injured
persons and of any witnesses." Section C1 requires the person
seeking UM coverage to "[p]romptly notify the police if a hit-and
run driver is involved."
The predicate of NJM's summary judgment motion was simply that
plaintiff's failure to give it prompt notice of the incident and
his failure to notify the police thereof automatically relieved it
of its coverage obligation under the policy. The trial judge
agreed. We do not.
It has long been the rule in this State that despite policy
language to the contrary, the insured does not forfeit the coverage
of his policy by a breach of the "prompt notice" provision unless
the carrier satisfies the burden of proving that it suffered
appreciable prejudice by reason thereof. See, e.g., Cooper v.
Government Employees Ins. Co.,
51 N.J. 86, 94 (1968); Harrow
Stores, Inc. v. Hanover Ins. Co.,
315 N.J. Super. 547, 550 (App.
Div. 1998); Polarome Mfg. Co. v. CIIC,
310 N.J. Super. 168, 175
(App. Div.), certif. denied,
155 N.J. 590 (1998); Solvents Recovery
Service of New England v. Midland Ins. Co.,
218 N.J. Super. 49, 54
(App. Div. 1987). There is no reason we can perceive why this rule
should not also apply to UM coverage and it has indeed been
routinely so applied. See Scheckel v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins.
Co.,
316 N.J. Super. 326, 331 (App. Div. 1998); Colangelo v.
Bankers & Shippers Ins. Co. of N.Y.,
185 N.J. Super. 205, 210-211
(Law Div. 1982). Thus NJM, in respect of the section A notice
requirement above quoted, was required to show that it sustained
appreciable prejudice by reason thereof. It made no effort to do
so.
We are also satisfied that the insured's failure of compliance
with the requirement of the policy that prompt notice be given to
the police of an occurrence involving a hit-and-run driver cannot
be ipso facto disqualifying. As we made clear in Scheckel v. State
Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra, the issue is not simply whether
the insured notified the police. The pertinent two-pronged
question rather is first, whether the insured's conduct in
attempting to identify the hit-and-run driver was reasonable or,
alternatively, efforts to do so would have been futile; and second,
whether the failure to file a prompt police report was excusable
under the circumstances. See also O'Connell v. New Jersey Mfrs.
Ins. Co.,
306 N.J. Super. 166, 172 (App. Div. 1997), certif.
granted,
153 N.J. 405 (1998), appeal dismissed,
157 N.J. 537
(1998); Norman v. Selective Ins. Co.,
249 N.J. Super. 104, 107-108
(App. Div. 1991).
The requirement of reasonable efforts to identify the hit-and
run car or to show that such efforts would have been futile derives
from the hit-and-run provisions of the Unsatisfied Claim and
Judgment Fund Law (UCJF), N.J.S.A. 39:6-61 to -91, more
particularly, N.J.S.A. 39:6-78(e). While the UM coverage here does
not explicitly reiterate the statutory language, its import is
substantially mirrored by the policy language of sections A and C1.
In any event, we point out that UM coverage is mandated by N.J.S.A.
17:28-1.1, which incorporates the hit-and-run definition of
N.J.S.A. 39:6-78. See Transport of N.J. v. Walter,
161 N.J. Super. 453, 460 (App. Div. 1978), aff'd as modified,
79 N.J. 400 (1979).
Thus N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1 must, in our view, be read as incorporating
all of the claim-eligibility requirements of that statute, i.e.,
those conditions that render the accident a hit-and-run occurrence
subject to the remedial scope of UCJF. And it must also be read as
an exclusive list of eligibility requirements. The point, of
course, is that since a primary purpose of mandatory UM coverage
was to alleviate the financial burdens on the Fund, see, e.g.,
Riccio v. Prudential Property & Cas. Ins. Co.,
108 N.J. 493, 503
504 (1987), it would defeat the legislative intent if the policy
provisions were construed more restrictively than the analogous
UCJF provision. Consequently, "in UM cases our courts have
frequently struck policy provisions which were more restrictive
than those mandated by statute ...," that is to say, those mandated
by N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1, which incorporate N.J.S.A. 39:6-78.
Campbell v. Lion Ins. Co.,
311 N.J. Super. 498, 507 (App. Div.
1998). See Perez v. American Bankers Insurance Co. of Florida,
81 N.J. 415, 419 (1979) (invalidating a UM policy provision requiring
corroboration of a non-contact hit-and-run accident as contrary to
and more restrictive than coverage afforded by N.J.S.A. 39:6-78).
See also Ciecka v. Transamerica Ins. Group,
81 N.J. 421, 427-28
(1979), and Walkowitz v. Royal Globe Ins. Co.,
149 N.J. Super. 442,
444-45, certif. dismissed,
75 N.J. 584 (1977) (invalidating certain
UM coverage offsets provided for by the policy as contrary to the
coverage mandated by N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1 and 39:6-78). And see
Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Massey,
188 N.J. Super. 631, 637 (Ch. Div.
1983) (reforming UM policy language "to the extent necessary to
conform with the statutory mandated coverage").
N.J.S.A. 39:6-78 does not condition Fund eligibility on the
claimant's having filed a police report. Thus the UM coverage of
the policy may not so condition coverage. We do not, however,
suggest that the policy requirement of notification of the police
of a hit-and-run accident is entirely of no moment. We think it
plain that in appropriate circumstances, such notification may well
constitute a necessary element of the "reasonable efforts"
required by N.J.S.A. 39:6-78(e). And, on the other hand, as we
said in Scheckel v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra, 316 N.J.
Super. at 334-335, it may also be that failure of such
notification, because it is excusable under the circumstances,
cannot fairly be deemed to be a required component of "reasonable
efforts." These, of course, are all matters of fact to be
determined by the trier of fact in deciding whether the claimant's
efforts to identify the hit-and-run car and driver were reasonable.
NJM relies on several unpublished opinions of this court
holding that failure of the insured to file a prompt report with
the police of a hit-and-run incident is disqualifying. We do not
quarrel with the notion that the purpose of the policy requirement
is not only to afford the carrier an opportunity itself to locate
the hit-and-run driver but also to deter fraudulent claims.
Obviously, however, these concerns can be safely left to the trier
of fact. We reject, however, as contrary to well-settled law, the
proposition that the insured's failure to comply with the policy
requirement of promptly notifying the police of a hit-and-run
accident can be automatically disqualifying.
Plaintiff's showing on NJM's summary judgment motion was
sufficient to defeat it. His effort to observe and identify the
vehicle at the time of the accident, his prompt report of the
information he then had to the Turnpike Authority, and his
subsequent unsuccessful inquiry of the Division of Motor Vehicles
may be found by the trier of fact to have constituted reasonable
efforts. Any further efforts may also be found by the trier of
fact to have been likely futile. And plaintiff's reliance on the
Turnpike Authority to notify the police may also be found by the
trier of fact to have excused his own failure to have done so.
The summary judgment appealed from is reversed, and we remand
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.