SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-7615-95T1
GENERAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
-v-
CNA INSURANCE COMPANY,
Defendant-Appellant,
and
SHELDON ROGERS,
Defendant-Respondent.
____________________________
Argued: June 11, 1997 - Decided: July 15, 1997
Before Judges P.G. Levy and Braithwaite.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Morris County.
James J. Kinneally, III argued the cause for
appellant (Lynch Martin attorneys; Mr.
Kinneally, of counsel; Karl P. Kemm, on the
brief).
Elliott Abrutyn argued the cause for
respondent General Accident Ins. Co. (Morgan,
Melhuish, Monaghan, Arvidson, Abrutyn &
Lisowski, attorneys; Mr. Abrutyn, of counsel;
Warren Usdin, on the brief).
Norman M. Hobbie argued the cause for
respondent Sheldon Rogers (Giordano, Halleran
& Ciesla, attorneys; Mr. Hobbie, of counsel;
Edward C. Bertucio, Jr., on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
P.G. LEVY, J.A.D.
On November 1, 1992, Sheldon Rogers was employed by
Garden Irrigation, a closely held corporation, all of whose stock
was owned by Rogers and his wife. He was injured in a motor
vehicle accident while driving a 1991 Lexus automobile owned by
Garden Irrigation. At the time of the accident, he was using the
Lexus for personal, as opposed to employment related, purposes. The
tortfeasor, a New York taxicab corporation, settled with Rogers by
paying the limits of its liability insurance policy, $15,000.
Rogers alleges his injuries are severe and extensive, requiring
surgery for a total knee replacement, followed by rehabilitation
and convalescence. He seeks full compensation for past, present
and future pain, suffering and disability. Since the tortfeasor's
settlement did not provide that full compensation, Rogers looked
for other insurance coverage.
Rogers and his wife were "named insureds" of a personal
automobile policy issued by Continental Casualty Company
(incorrectly impleaded as CNA Insurance Company). The only motor
vehicle scheduled as a covered auto under the Continental policy
was a 1989 BMW automobile. This policy included underinsured
motorist benefits (UIM) with a limit of $500,000.
Garden Irrigation was the "named insured" of a business
automobile policy issued by General Accident Insurance Company.
Among the vehicles listed on the "schedule of covered autos you
own" was the 1991 Lexus. The General Accident policy provided UIM
coverage up to $1,000,000.
Rogers demanded UIM benefits from both insurance
companies, but each declined, pointing to the other as the
responsible insurer. General Accident admits that the UIM
endorsement in its policy "can be read as making insureds of those
occupying the General Accident insured vehicle at the time of the
accident." Both policies contain "other insurance" clauses
providing primary coverage for an accident involving the insured
vehicle and excess coverage for accidents where the insured person
was not involved with the insured vehicle. General Accident
acknowledged it is the primary insurer for UIM benefits according
to the plain meaning of the "other insurance" clauses.
However, General Accident considered that its policy
provisions, providing UIM coverage for occupants of vehicles not
designated as "named insureds" for UIM purposes, were invalidated
by Aubrey v. Harleysville Insurance Companies,
140 N.J. 397 (1995).
Claiming that "the right to recover UIM benefits is measured
against the claimant's personal policy" pursuant to Aubrey, it
declined to arbitrate Rogers' UIM claim. Instead, it filed the
within action for declaratory judgment against Continental and
Rogers. When the two insurance companies made cross-motions for
summary judgment, the motion judge held for General Accident and
ordered Continental to provide UIM coverage to Rogers. Continental
appeals and we reverse and remand for arbitration between Rogers
and General Accident.
Rogers, while not filing a cross-appeal, joins in
Continental's appeal and asks us to hold the General Accident
policy "primary for UIM coverage" and the Continental policy
secondary and excess thereto. We agree with that contention
because we conclude that Aubrey does not limit UIM recovery to
Rogers' personal auto policy. Without its disclaimer based on
Aubrey, General Accident acknowledges it is the primary insurer for
any UIM benefits to which Rogers is entitled.
In French v. New Jersey School Bd. Assn. Ins. Group, ___
N.J. ___ (1997), slip opinion at 10, our Supreme Court clarified
Aubrey, stating that it did not intend the UIM coverage under a
personal insurance policy "would be the sole criterion or litmus
test for determining UIM coverage issues." The Court stated that
it is "simply too broad a reading" of Aubrey to take the position
that the injured party's personal insurance policy was to be used
to ascertain the threshold eligibility for UIM status and that the
personal policy would be "the only UIM policy that the injured
person has resort to once that threshold test is met." Ibid.
Here, the motion judge read Aubrey strictly, and
considered it to limit UIM coverage to the application of the
injured party's personal auto policy. The judge found that Rogers
was at most an "additional insured" under the General Accident
policy but not a "named insured," and therefore Rogers could only
reasonably expect UIM coverage under the personal policy he had
purchased from Continental. However, in Taylor v. Nat'l Union Fire
Ins. Co.,
289 N.J. Super. 593 (App. Div.), certif. denied,
145 N.J. 376 (1996), we held UIM benefits were available under the
employer's business auto policy to a person injured while driving
a car provided by his employer as part of his compensation package,
even though the employee had a personal auto policy covering his
family vehicles.
In a later case, we considered the plight of an employee
injured during the course of employment while driving his
employer's van. Cook-Sauvageau v. PMA Group,
295 N.J. Super. 620
(App. Div. 1996). Under those circumstances, we said it was as
clear there as in Taylor that "the essential risk for which [the]
business automobile policy was intended to provide coverage was an
accident involving an employee's operation of one of the employer's
vehicles." Id. at 627.
In French, the Court did not just explain what it had
intended by its opinion in Aubrey. It went so far as to express
the belief that once an injured person met the threshold test of
being underinsured, "the Legislature clearly would have intended
that the policy `held' by a claimant under N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1e
would include a policy provided for the claimant by an employer
even if coverage under the personal policy of the employee were not
triggered." French v. New Jersey School Bd. Ass'n. Ins. Group,
supra, slip op. at 14.
Here General Accident acknowledges that except for its
interpretative application of Aubrey, Rogers was covered by its UIM
endorsement as an occupant of the covered Lexus. The General
Accident policy used the same standard definition of an "insured"
as found in French.
WHO IS INSURED
1. You.
2. If you are an individual,
any "family member".
3. Anyone else "occupying" a
covered "auto" or a
temporary substitute for
a covered "auto". The
covered "auto" must be
out of service because of
its breakdown, repair,
servicing, loss or
destruction.
4. Anyone for damages he or
she is entitled to
recover because of
"bodily injury" sustained
by another "insured".
In French, the Court observed that this language "contemplate[s]
situations in which one could conceivably receive benefits under
more than one UIM policy." Id. at 11.
While French and Cook-Sauvageau involved persons injured
during the course of employment, we believe those opinions apply as
well to employees injured while driving company cars for personal
reasons. The factual premise for Taylor was that the employee was
not injured during the course of employment. We understand that
Rogers was allowed the use of the Lexus for personal use, and both
he and Garden Irrigation considered the General Accident policy to
apply whenever he drove a company vehicle. As noted in French, "an
employer will often wish to insure that the injuries of employees
are fully compensated." Id. at 20. Additionally, when a full-time
employee is involved, "the probable fair expectations and common
intent of an insurance company and policyholder, absent
specification to the contrary, are that the policy provide UIM
coverage for employees of the business entity ...." Id. at 22.
Therefore, we conclude that Rogers was covered by his
employer's business auto policy and its $1,000,000 UIM coverage for
injuries proximately caused by the collision involving his
employer's vehicle and that of a statutorily uninsured tortfeasor.
We were assured at oral argument that the injuries
suffered by Rogers were extensive, although probably not exceeding
$500,000 in value. Having received the full limit of the
tortfeasor's liability coverage, Rogers meets the UIM threshold
test and the tortfeasor is considered underinsured. Therefore
Rogers may pursue UIM benefits under either the General Accident or
the Continental policy. French, supra, id. at 10, 22. The
statutory prohibition against stacking "multiple policies available
to the insured" does not come into play because Rogers' damages
will not exceed the limits of the General Accident policy. See
N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1(c). Since General Accident does not dispute its
status as the primary carrier under the "under insurance" clause of
its policy, there will be no impact on Continental because the
value of Rogers' damages is well within the $985,000 available
under the General Accident policy.
Reversed and remanded for arbitration of Rogers' claim
for UIM benefits from General Accident.