SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-5269-97T2
G&L ASSOCIATES, INC.
as successor to
G&S ASSOCIATES, INC.
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
434 LINCOLN AVENUE ASSOCIATES,
a New Jersey Partnership,
EUGENE KLEINWAKS, individually
and as a partner of 434 LINCOLN
AVENUE ASSOCIATES, RANDY KLEINWAKS,
individually, RANDY KLEINWAKS TRUST,
JEFFERY KLEINWAKS TRUST and LORRIE
KLEINWAKS TRUST, EUGENE KLEINWAKS,
Trustee, MARLENE MEIL BYCK, PHYLLIS
MEIL OSSEN, BARBARA F. SILVERWOLF,
MARCIA L. LEVINE, NELSON FERNANDEZ,
all as partners of 434 LINCOLN AVENUE
ASSOCIATES
Defendants-Respondents.
____________________________________________
Argued: February 10, 1999 Decided: February 25, 1999
Before Judges King, Wallace and Newman.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Essex County.
Ira Allan Ginsburg argued the cause for
appellant.
H. Neil Broder argued the cause for
respondents 434 Lincoln Avenue
Associates and Randy Kleinwaks.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
NEWMAN, J.A.D.
This appeal involves a suit brought by plaintiff, G&L
Associates, Inc., a tax appeal consultant, against defendant, its
client, seeking payment for services rendered pursuant to the
terms of a fee agreement. The motion judge dismissed with
prejudice plaintiff's claim, finding that the claim was barred by
the six-year statute of limitations. The motion judge determined
that plaintiff's claim, which was filed on January 20, 1998,
accrued on December 13, 1991, the date the tax reduction judgment
was entered. Because plaintiff's claim accrued in April 1992,
when plaintiff billed defendant for the services rendered in
pursuit of the tax appeal pursuant to the payment arrangement
specified in the parties' agreement, we reverse.
Viewed in a light most favorable to the non-movant
plaintiff, the relevant facts may be summarized as follows. On
October 12, 1989, plaintiff G&L Associates, Inc., as successor to
G&S Associates, Inc., and defendantSee footnote 1 434 Lincoln Avenue
Associates entered into an agreement whereby plaintiff was to
perform services for defendant as an agent and consultant in
connection with an appeal of real estate tax assessments for the
1989 and 1990 tax years. The provisions of the agreement
regarding the parties' fee arrangement provide:
(d) The undersigned, in connection with the
real estate assessment appeal or appeals
respecting the above property, agrees to pay
G&S Associates, Inc. 20" percent of the
amount of the tax savings resulting from such
appeal or appeals for the tax year[s] in
question .... Such tax savings will be
computed upon the basis of the difference
between the assessments as made or posted by
the originating assessment officials, and the
result of any assessment correction or
revision through such appeal or appeals.
(e) This fee agreement is applied to the tax
year noted above. The tax savings may be
reflected or evidenced either by a judgment
notice detailing the reduction of the real
estate assessment, by a reduced tax bill, or
by a rebate or refund of taxes paid.
. . . .
(g) The undersigned shall pay the fee billed
by G&S Associates, Inc. within thirty (30)
days after the billing; with interest after
such time, at one and one-half percent (1
1/2") per month thereon, upon the unpaid part
of the sum billed. If no adjustment of the
real estate assessment is effected, there
will be no fee charged by or payment made to
G&S Associates, Inc. except for the filing
fee.
After two years of gathering evidence, plaintiff
successfully completed its services by securing a property tax
reduction reflected in a judgment filed on December 13, 1991.
Once a property tax reduction judgment is entered, a municipality
has one of two settlement options. It can either refund the
money to the taxpayer or credit the excess to future tax
quarters. Where a cash refund is the method of settlement, the
standard practice in the industry is for the municipality to
refund the money to the attorney handling the tax appeal, who
then, out of the received refund, pays the tax consultant for
services rendered on the tax appeal.
In March 1992, the City of Orange refunded the money to
defendant's attorney, who was handling the matter. Upon
learning that a refund rather than a credit on future tax bills
had been requested, Gary Gerton, the President of G&L Associates,
by letter dated March 25, 1992 to Eugene Kleinwaks, the President
of 434 Lincoln Avenue Associates, informed defendant that a bill
for the services rendered would be sent to them after they
received the refund from the municipality. Subsequently, on
April 6, 1992, plaintiff sent a bill to defendant, demanding
payment in the amount of $4,227.80 for filing fees and services
rendered for the 1989 and 1990 tax appeals. Gerton was told that
Kleinwaks directed the attorney handling the tax appeal not to
pay plaintiff out of the refund.
Since the April 6, 1992 letter demanding payment, Gerton had
numerous contacts with both Randy and Eugene Kleinwaks, reminding
them that they owed money from the tax appeal. Gerton's last
contact was with Randy Kleinwaks in October 1996, when Randy
requested documents concerning the tax appeal and plaintiff's
claim of payment. According to Gerton, neither Randy nor Eugene
indicated dissatisfaction with plaintiff's work. Randy indicated
that if the necessary documents were sent, plaintiff would be
paid. The documents were sent, but plaintiff was never paid.
On January 20, 1998, plaintiff filed this action against
defendant for breach of contract. In March 1998, defendant filed
a motion to dismiss arguing, inter alia, that the suit was barred
by the statute of limitations. A hearing was held on April 3,
1998. Agreeing with defendant, the motion judge concluded that
the six-year statute of limitations accrued on December 13, 1991,
the date judgment was entered, and, therefore, plaintiff's claim,
which was filed on January 20, 1998, was untimely.
On appeal, plaintiff argues that the motion judge erred in
dismissing its claim seeking payment for services rendered by
invoking the bar of the six-year statute of limitations, using
the December 13, 1991 judgment date instead of the later date
when the tax refund was made and payment was demanded. We agree.
N.J.S.A. 2A:14-1 provides, in relevant part, that:
Every action at law for ... recovery upon a
contractual claim or liability, express or
implied, not under seal, or upon an account
other than one which concerns the trade or
merchandise between merchant and merchant,
their factors, agents and servants, shall be
commenced within 6 years next after the cause
of any such action shall have accrued.
In determining when a cause of action accrues, the inquiry is
when did the party seeking to bring the action have an
enforceable right. Metromedia Co. v. Hartz Mountain Assocs.,
139 N.J. 532, 535 (1995) (citing Andreaggi v. Relis,
171 N.J. Super. 203, 235-36 (Ch. Div. 1979)).
Pursuant to section (d) of the agreement, plaintiff was
entitled to twenty percent of the amount of tax savings resulting
from the tax appeal for the 1989 and 1990 tax years. The motion
judge relied upon section (e) of the contract in finding that
defendant's obligation to pay arose on the earliest of either
when the judgment was issued, or when a rebate or refund of the
taxes was paid. Section (e) provides as follows:
(e) ... The tax savings may be reflected or
evidenced either by a judgment notice
detailing the reduction of the real estate
assessment, by a reduced tax bill, or by a
rebate or refund of taxes paid.
Section (g) of the agreement, however, alters plaintiff's right
to sue by providing when plaintiff was entitled to payment.
Section (g) provides:
(g) The undersigned shall pay the fee billed
by G&S Associates, Inc. within thirty (30)
days after the billing; with interest after
such time, at one and one-half percent (1
1/2") per month thereon, upon the unpaid part
of the sum billed ....
The agreement reflects the industry practice to use the refund
paid by the municipality to pay the tax consultant and the
taxpayer does not have to reach into its own pocket to pay the
fee. Such an arrangement is analogous to a contingent fee method
of payment universally observed in tort litigation.
The commencing of the running of the statute of limitations
may be altered by the terms of a writing. In Guerin v. Cassidy,
38 N.J. Super. 454 (Ch. Div. 1955), the executor sued on a
writing dated November 18, 1948, to recover a $3000 loan. The
court rejected a defense based upon the six-year statute of
limitations on the ground that the limitations period did not
accrue until the debt became due, which, as reflected in the
writing, was when the obligor was financially able to pay. Id.
at 460. Here, plaintiff's claim accrued in April 1992, when
plaintiff billed defendant for services rendered in pursuit of
the tax appeal pursuant to the payment arrangement specified in
the fee agreement.
Moreover, the goals behind the statute of limitations would
not be promoted by barring plaintiff's claim. The purpose of a
statute of limitations period is to provide notice to defendants
of claims against them and to discourage plaintiffs from sleeping
on their rights. Ochs v. Federal Ins. Co.,
90 N.J. 108, 112
(1982). Defendant will not be deprived of a fair opportunity to
defend itself; it had ample notice of plaintiff's demand for
payment in April 1992, when it received the letter requesting
payment. Defendant received services from plaintiff, which
resulted in a favorable judgment reducing the assessment of its
real estate taxes and subsequent monetary refund from the City of
Orange. Pursuant to the parties' agreement, defendant knew that
it would be billed for plaintiff's services and that payment was
due within thirty days after billing.
Furthermore, plaintiff did not sleep on its rights.
Plaintiff billed defendant in April 1992, when it first learned
that the City of Orange had refunded the money. Gerton certifies
that he had, up until October 1996, attempted to secure payment
from defendant. In October 1996, when plaintiff again demanded
payment, defendant requested documents concerning the appeal and
indicated that payment would be sent to plaintiff upon its
receipt of the requested documents. Plaintiff sent the documents
to defendant, but never received payment. After exhausting its
effort to collect without litigation, plaintiff finally, as a
last resort, brought this action. Plaintiff is entitled to have
its day in court.
Reversed and remanded.
Footnote: 1Despite the naming of numerous defendants, the proceedings below involved and this appeal involves only defendants-respondents 434 Lincoln Avenue Associates and Randy Kleinwaks, hereinafter referred to as defendant.