SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-2096-97T5
JOSEPH J. MORRISON, Individually
and JOSEPH J. MORRISON,
administrator ad prosequendum for
the ESTATE OF EUGENIA MORRISON,
deceased,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
TOWNSHIP OF LUMBERTON,
Defendant,
and
COUNTY OF BURLINGTON,
Defendant/Third Party
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
JOYCE L. RILEY and PAUL F.
RILEY, JR.,
Third Party Defendants.
Argued February 17, 1999 - Decided March 15, 1999
Before Judges Long, Kestin and Carchman.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Burlington County.
Alexander J. Wazeter argued the cause for appellant.
Patricia L. Dee argued the cause for respondent
(Capehart & Scatchard, attorneys; Ms. Dee, of counsel;
Alison M. Nissen, on the brief).
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
CARCHMAN, J.A.D.
Eugenia Morrison was fatally injured when a car driven by
third-party defendant Joyce L. Riley proceeded through a stop
sign and struck the car in which she was a passenger.See footnote 1
Plaintiff brought this action pursuant to the Tort Claims Act,
N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 2-3, against defendant Township of Lumberton
(Lumberton) and defendant County of Burlington (Burlington)
alleging that both governmental entities had created and
maintained a dangerous condition which was a proximate cause of
this accident.
Lumberton was successfully granted summary judgment without
opposition. Burlington also moved for summary judgment relying
on our decision in Johnson v. Township of Southampton,
157 N.J.
Super. 518 (App. Div.), certif. denied,
77 N.J. 485 (1978).
Plaintiff responded by relying on our later decision in
Shuttleworth v. Conti Construction Co.,
193 N.J. Super. 469 (App.
Div. 1984). The trial judge concluded that Johnson applied and
dismissed plaintiff's complaint. We agree and affirm.
These are the facts. The accident occurred in Lumberton at
the intersection of Stacy Haines Road, a county road, and Ark
Road, a municipal road. The intersection is controlled by a stop
sign on Ark Road and a stop ahead sign 475 feet from the
intersection. There is no traffic control device on Stacy Haines
Road. Riley was proceeding north on Ark Road traveling at about
forty miles per hour. She claims not to have seen the stop sign
until it was too late. In describing her traveling along Ark
Road, she stated during discovery that the trees lining the
intersection gave her a feeling of tunnel vision. See added,
[y]ou didn't expect something to be coming, another road to be
crossing. You just felt you were just going straight. That's
how this really all happened. I never had the feeling of another
road crossing it.
Plaintiff produced an expert in opposition to Burlington's
motion for summary judgment. The thrust of his opinion was that
there was a failure of the responsible entity to maintain
appropriate sight lines and sight triangles for a distance of 513
feet. The expert opined that the only available sight distance
on Stacy Haines Road was 330 feet. He also opined that the sight
distances on Ark Road were limited by deciduous trees located
twelve to fifteen feet from the edge of the pavement. A
narrative in the police report reviewed by the expert noted that
the stop sign was clearly visible.
In Johnson, supra, plaintiff was injured when as a passenger
on a motorcycle, the driver failed to properly negotiate a turn
at a Y intersection and struck a guardrail. Plaintiff brought
an action against the municipality asserting that the
municipality maintained a dangerous condition by failing to
provide adequate warning signs or devices and that the trees and
bushes bordering the road, as well as an abutting grassy triangle
at the Y, created a dangerous condition. We affirmed the
dismissal of plaintiff's complaint and made the following
observations:
The road in question was unimpeded.
Like any road or highway, there were
obstructions next to the right-of-way which
interfered with a compass range visibility
but the roadway itself was unobstructed.
There was nothing in or on the roads in
question which constituted a dangerous
condition.
. . . .
. . . The limited ability to make
observations on either side of the road
caused by trees and vegetation simply served
as a warning that due care must be
maintained.
[Johnson, supra, 157 N.J.Super. at 523.]
We distinguished Johnson in our decision in Shuttleworth, supra.
In Shuttleworth, defendant's car went through a stop sign
striking plaintiff's car. The stop sign was obscured by a bush
so that it could not be seen until a driver was within a few feet
of the intersection. Id. at 471. The county was responsible
for maintaining the stop sign and regularly trimming the trees,
shrubs and bushes in the immediate vicinity of the sign to
improve viability. We rejected the county's argument that it was
immune from liability under the provisions of N.J.S.A. 59:4-5
(precluding liability for the failure to provide ordinary traffic
signals or signs). We noted that the challenge is to the
creation or maintenance of a dangerous condition after the
discretionary activity had been taken by the county. Id. at
473. We then distinguished Johnson and noted that [w]e are not
dealing with the general vegetation along Ricker Road. We are
dealing with the manner in which the county either installed or
maintained its stop sign and the bush that obscured it, all on
county property. Id. at 473-74; see N.J.S.A. 59:4-2 (imposing
liability on a public entity for injury caused by a dangerous
condition of its property).
We conclude that Johnson applies here. The expert report
focuses on sight lines and sight triangles at the intersection,
that is, the point of the stop for the stop sign. More
importantly, however, no mention is made by either Riley or the
expert that the stop sign was in any way obscured or blocked by
vegetation or a condition that could be remedied short of
trimming back hundreds of feet of trees. Riley generalized
observation that she had a feeling of tunnel vision is hardly
sufficient to meet the necessary standard for establishing that
Burlington maintained a dangerous condition which would bring
this case within Shuttleworth.
We note as well that Ark Road was not a county road but a
municipal road. While the obligation to maintain the stop sign
rested with Burlington, nothing is contained in the record to
suggest that the stop sign itself was obscured. By their very
nature, foliage and trees along a roadway will have a "blocking"
effect. This is the type of condition that we considered in
Johnson. The broad duty to cut back foliage hundreds of feet
from the sign is one that would be imposed on Lumberton rather
than Burlington. Burlington was obligated to maintain the sign,
not the roadway. We are also mindful of the presence of a stop
ahead sign which was neither addressed by Riley in her
deposition testimony nor by the expert in his report.
We are satisfied that Judge Almeida correctly conclude that
Johnson governs under the facts presented and properly granted
summary judgment.
Affirmed.
Footnote: 1 Plaintiff Joseph J. Morrison, the driver, brings this action individually and as administrator ad prosequendum for the Estate of Eugenia Morrison. For ease of reference, we will refer to Joseph J. Morrison as plaintiff.