SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-4765-01T3
JOSEPH LOPEZ and ARLENE LOPEZ,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
GILLIAN'S PIER a/k/a GILLIAN'S
WONDERLAND PIER,
Defendant-Respondent.
SCHWARZKOFF COMPANY,
Defendant.
Submitted March 25, 2003 - Decided April 15, 2003
Before Judges Pressler, Wallace, Jr. and Hoens.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Cape May County, L-53-01.
Santore and Kenny, attorneys for appellants (Louis
J. Santore and Danielle S. Petito, on the brief).
Barry, McTiernan and Moore, attorneys for
respondents (Richard W. Wedinger, of counsel and on
the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
HOENS, J.A.D.
Plaintiffs Joseph and Arlene Lopez appeal from the trial
court's denial of their motion for reconsideration of an order
dismissing their compliant. We affirm.
Plaintiff Joseph Lopez contends that he was injured on August
22, 1998, while riding on a roller coaster owned and operated by
defendant Gillian's Pier, a/k/a Gillian's Wonderland Pier
(Gillian's). Lopez, an orthopedic surgeon, contends that the ride
stopped abruptly, causing his head to jolt back and forth. He
claims that, because he was unaware of his injury at the time, he
did not report the incident to the management of the amusement park
and did not file an accident report. He contends that later that
evening, he began to experience progressive neurological symptoms
and was admitted to the hospital where doctors determined that he
had suffered a stroke. On May 28, 1999, one of his physicians
issued a letter stating that his stroke was due to "the dissection
of the right vertebral artery. Dissections may be traumatic or may
occur spontaneously. In a few cases, riding on a roller coaster
has been implicated as the cause of the dissection." Lopez
retained counsel in October 1999 and was examined by an expert
neurologist who issued a report on November 12, 1999 concluding
that the roller coaster ride had probably caused the injury. His
initial complaint, naming the amusement park and another defendant,
was filed in May 2000 but was never served. His amended complaint
was filed in October 2000 and served on defendant Gillian's on
November 21, 2000.
After initial discovery was completed, Gillian's moved to
dismiss the complaint on the ground that plaintiffs had failed to
comply with the notice provisions of the Carnival-Amusement Rides
Safety Act (CARSA), N.J.S.A. 5:3-31 et seq. The motion judge
granted the motion and denied plaintiffs' motion for
reconsideration, setting forth his reasons in a written decision.
On appeal, plaintiffs contend that the judge erred in failing to
afford them the benefit of the discovery rule and that CARSA
violates the equal protection guarantees of the federal and state
constitutions by denying injured plaintiffs access to the court and
by drawing an unfair distinction in favor of amusement parks to the
detriment of other businesses. We disagree.
CARSA governs the operation of all carnival and amusement
rides in New Jersey. N.J.S.A. 5:3-31 et seq. It includes a
provision that mandates filing of an accident report with the
operator of the park as a precondition to filing a suit for
personal injury. N.J.S.A. 5:3-57(a). That section requires that
the accident report be in writing, specifies the information that
it must include, and requires that the report be filed with the
park operator within ninety days from the time of the incident
leading to the injury. N.J.S.A. 5:3-57(a) and (c). Moreover, the
statute requires each amusement park to maintain one or more
designated locations to facilitate the filing of the reports,
specifies the appropriate level of staffing for the office where
the reports are filed and describes the manner of identifying the
location of the place designated for filing reports. N.J.S.A. 5:3-
57(b).
CARSA specifically provides that the park operator may not
claim the protection of the reporting requirement unless it has
conspicuously posted notices of the reporting requirement and the
statute specifies the contents and locations where the notices are
required to be posted. N.J.S.A. 5:3-57(a) and (c). It is
undisputed that the defendant park operator posted the required
notices and maintained an office to facilitate the filing of the
accident reports as required by the statute. CARSA further
provides, however, that the ninety-day notice period may be
extended to permit filing of the report within one year of the
accident. That extension may be granted by a judge, based upon a
motion demonstrating "sufficient reason" for failing to file the
report, and upon a finding that the operator of the park is not
"substantially prejudiced" by that failure. N.J.S.A. 5:3-58.
Applying the language of the statute to plaintiffs, the
incident complained of occurred on August 22, 1998. The ninety-day
notice period expired on November 20, 1998. That period could have
been extended by a judge to permit filing of the accident report
within one year, that is, on or before August 21, 1999. Here, it
is undisputed that plaintiffs did not file a notice within ninety
days and never asked for an extension of time to file that notice.
In fact, they never filed the required notice at all. The first
notification about the accident to the park operator was the
service of the amended complaint on November 21, 2000, some two
years after the day on which the notice should have been filed and
fifteen months after the time when the notice could have been filed
had a judge so ordered.
Plaintiffs' contention that they should have been given the
benefit of the discovery rule is without merit. First, the motion
judge considered the discovery rule and analyzed the timeliness of
the complaint in that context. He held, and we agree, that even
giving plaintiffs the benefit of the application of the discovery
rule their complaint was untimely. Contrary to plaintiffs'
assertion, the receipt of the report of the expert neurologist
connecting the injury to the amusement park ride in November 1999
is not the operative date for the accrual of the cause of action.
Rather, the correct analysis of the operation of the discovery rule
must be judged from May 28, 1999, the date on which plaintiff's
treating physician alerted him to the connection between the injury
and the roller coaster ride. See, e.g., Vispisiano v. Ashland
Chem. Co.,
107 N.J. 416, 437 (1987); Gallagher v. Burdette-Tomlin
Hosp.,
318 N.J. Super. 485, 496 (App. Div. 1999), aff'd,
163 N.J. 38 (2000); Brizak v. Needle,
239 N.J. Super. 415, 427 (App. Div.),
certif. denied,
122 N.J. 164 (1990). At the time when he received
that evaluation, the extended one-year period permitted under the
statute for the filing of the accident report had not expired. See
N.J.S.A. 5:3-58. Plaintiffs, however, neither gave the required
notice to the operator nor sought the relief from the ninety-day
provision permitted in the statute. Thus, even applying the
discovery rule analysis to this complaint and this notice
provision, plaintiffs' failure to act cannot be excused.
Nor do we perceive any constitutional infirmity in the statute
itself. The essence of this claim is that the notice provision
precludes persons who are unaware of their injuries from filing
meritorious claims. Simply put, plaintiffs' contention is that
they were denied access to the courts by the operation of a period
of limitations which expired before they had reason to believe that
they had a cause of action. As we noted in our review of the
facts, plaintiffs were alerted to the connection between the roller
coaster ride and the injury within sufficient time to give the
notice required by the statute but failed to do so. In light of
our reluctance to reach a constitutional question unless it is
necessary for the proper disposition of the matter, see In re
Petition of New Jersey Amer. Water Co.,
169 N.J. 181 (2001); McCann
v. Clerk of Jersey City,
338 N.J. Super. 509 (App. Div. 2001), we
need not address the contention of unconstitutionality further.
Affirmed.