SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-4271-95T2
KATHERINE DUNN AND
EDWARD DUNN, HER SPOUSE,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
COUNTY OF MORRIS,
Defendant-Respondent.
________________________________________________________________
Argued January 15, 1997 - Decided February 28, 1997
Before Judges King, Keefe and Loftus.
On appeal from Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Morris County.
Anthony Philip Caivano argued the cause
for appellant (Nusbaum, Stein, Goldstein
& Bronstein, attorneys; Mr. Caivano, on
the brief).
Donald L. Berlin argued the cause for
respondent (Berlin, Kaplan, Dembling &
Burke, attorneys; Mr. Berlin, of counsel
and on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
LOFTUS, J.A.D.
Katherine Dunn (Dunn) and her spouse Edward Dunn, plaintiffs,
appeal from an order of a Law Division judge granting summary
judgment in favor of the County of Morris (Morris County),
defendant, and dismissing their negligence complaint.
Dunn was employed as a park police officer by the Morris
County Park Commission (Park Commission). While on duty she fell
down stairs located at the Park Commission headquarters in Morris
Township. She contends that she suffered injuries as a result of
the fall.
Dunn filed a workers' compensation claim against Morris County
which she later amended to designate the Park Commission as
respondent. Thereafter, Dunn filed a negligence complaint against
Morris County based upon the same incident. Morris County moved
for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. The motion judge
concluded that the Park Commission was an agency of Morris County,
that this suit was barred by N.J.S.A. 34:15-8, and granted the
motion.
On appeal, Dunn contends:
I. SINCE THE STATUTORY SCHEME WHICH EMPOWERS THE
COUNTY OF MORRIS AND THE MORRIS COUNTY PARK
COMMISSION INDICATES THAT THEY ARE SEPARATE
ENTITIES, THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONCLUDING
THEY ARE A SOLE EMPLOYER.
II. HAVING ESTABLISHED THAT THE COUNTY OF MORRIS
AND THE MORRIS COUNTY PARK COMMISSION ARE
SEPARATE CORPORATE ENTITIES, THE LAW IS CLEAR
THAT THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION LAWSUIT BAR
DOES NOT EXTEND TO THE COUNTY OF MORRIS.
III. THE CONCEPT THAT RELATED CORPORATE BUSINESS
ENTITIES CANNOT SHARE WORKERS' COMPENSATION
LAWSUIT BAR SHOULD BE EXTENDED TO THE
CORPORATE PUBLIC ENTITY CONTEXT, FOLLOWING THE
SUPREME COURT'S DECISION IN LYON V. BARRETT.
We conclude that these contentions are non-meritorious. We affirm.
The Workers' Compensation Law, N.J.S.A. 34:15-1 to -128, was
enacted to provide an expeditious and relatively certain method of
recovery for employees injured on the job regardless of an
employee's contributory negligence or the absence of an employer's
negligence. Stepnowski v. Specific Pharmaceuticals,
18 N.J. Super. 495, 500-01 (App. Div. 1952). It was intended to substitute for
personal injury tort cases at common law a method of compensation
for injuries to employees, irrespective of the fault of the
employer. Seltzer v. Isaacson, 147 N.J. Super. 308, 313 (App. Div.
1977), overruled on other grounds by Lyon v. Barrett,
89 N.J. 294,
304 (1982). Under the Act, "The employer gives up common law
defenses to negligence suits and assumes an absolute liability to
provide compensation; in return, [the employer] is granted immunity
from common law negligence suits by ... employees." Ibid.
N.J.S.A. 34:15-8 specifically provides that an employee whose
injury is covered by workers' compensation cannot sue his or her
employer in negligence based upon the same injury.
Morris County claims that N.J.S.A. 34:15-8 bars this
negligence suit by Dunn because it is based upon the same injury
for which she filed the workers' compensation claim, and because
the Park Commission is an agency of the County.
Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.1 to -95.49, county residents
may choose to create a county park commission for the purpose of
developing and maintaining parks for their own benefit. The county
board of freeholders is given the power to create a park commission
and appoint its commissioners. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.2. The park
commission is given the power to sue and be sued. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.5. All employees hired by the park commission are subject to
prior approval by the county freeholders. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.7.
Upon establishment of the park commission, the county freeholders
must provide office space and may make funds available for
expenditure by the commission. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.9. The
freeholders have the power to appropriate for the use of the
commission such money as may be collected by revenue-producing
facilities which are operated by the commission. Ibid. The park
commission is given the power to select and deposit public money in
a bank or trust company. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.11. Additionally,
subject to the approval of the county freeholders, the park
commission possesses the power to acquire property, locate parks,
appoint park police officers, and enter into construction,
maintenance and concession contracts. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.13. All
property acquired by the park commission, however, must be in the
name of the county. N.J.S.A. 40:37-95.14.
In the case of Parks v. Union County Park Comm'n,
7 N.J.
Super. 5, 7-8 (App. Div. 1950), this court held:
A careful scrutiny of the statutory provisions
convinces us that the Union County Park
Commission is an agency of the county. Its
creation, structure, purpose and operation
manifestly support our conclusion. The first
step in the creation of a park commission is
initiated by the County Board of Freeholders,
as a result of which the question of its
establishment is subject to a referendum of
the voters; if created, the cost of its
operation is borne by local taxation; the
money essential for its operation is requested
in writing by the Park Commission to the Board
of Freeholders. . . .
[(emphasis added).]
After evaluating the park commission's statutory basis, this court
concluded:
It is readily discernible from the foregoing
statutory powers vested in the County Park
Commission that it is an instrumentality which
is undeniably an adjunct of the county
government; that it is established for the
beautification and resulting attractiveness of
the county. . . . As stated in Glick v.
Trustees of Free Public Library:
It is an agency of the municipality
notwithstanding its incorporation as
a body politic. That in itself does
not give rise to a relationship
radically different in character
from that which would otherwise
exist. It is the substance and not
the form of the creation that is the
key to the legislative design.
[Parks, supra, at 8-9 (citations omitted).]
This court again addressed this issue in Kloss v. Township of
Parsippany-Troy Hills, 170 N.J. Super. 153 (App. Div. 1979), where
the issue was whether a county park commission police officer's
prior service qualified as county employment service. After
extensively citing Park, supra, and reviewing N.J.S.A. 40:37, the
Kloss court concluded:
We recognize that county park commissions
established under N.J.S.A. 40:37-96 et seq.
are autonomous agencies for some purposes.
Nevertheless, we conclude that park commission
employees are in "county employment" for
purposes of [the prior service credits
statute]. Despite their autonomous status,
county park commissions must be viewed as
county agencies. The commissioners are
generally appointed by the county board of
freeholders, and their funds are provided by
that body. This court has previously held
that the police chief of the Union County Park
Police was "an employee" of the county within
the meaning of N.J.S.A. 38:23-1. . . . We
note also that this court recently adopted the
holding in Union County Park Comm'n v. Union
Cty.,
154 N.J. Super. 213 (Law Div. 1976),
aff'd, 154 N.J. Super. 125 (App. Div. 1977),
that the park commission was so much a part of
county government that it may be abolished and
its functions absorbed by the board of
freeholders in reorganizing county government
. . . .
[Id. at 160-61 (citations omitted) (emphasis
added).]
In the case before us, the motion judge concluded as a matter
of law:
[T]he Park Commission is nothing more than an
extension of the County and therefore, the
true party in interest here is Morris County.
The Park Commission isn't going to pay the
workers' comp. award, the county is going to
pay it . . . to whatever extent [Dunn's]
entitled to it in workers' comp.
The judge continued:
But nevertheless, the statutes clearly
indicate . . . there's some functioning that
the Park Commission has that establishes it as
something different than some of the other
agencies of the County, but it doesn't make it
truly a separate entity. But the real answer
is that it's Morris County that is the phy-sical or financial responsible party whether
it be workers' comp or liability. . . .
This conclusion is correct. Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co.,
142 N.J. 520 (1995); Kloss v. Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills,
170 N.J. Super. 153, 160 (App. Div. 1979); Parks v. Union County Park
Comm'n.,
7 N.J. Super. 5, 7 (App. Div. 1950); see also Wall v.
Hudson County Park Comm'n,
80 N.J. Super. 372 (App. Div.), certif.
denied,
41 N.J. 198 (1963). In Lyon v. Barrett,
89 N.J. 294
(1982), the plaintiff recovered damages against a private landowner
after recovering workers' compensation benefits against a corporate
employer. Here, we do not find that Morris County and the Park
Commission are distinct entities for purposes of recovery of public
sector compensation benefits. Barrett is not controlling or even
analogous.
We affirm substantially for the reasons set forth by Judge
D'Ambrosio in his oral decision of March 29, 1996.