MOMUDO F. ROGERS and
JOSEPHINE ROGERS-MOORE,
Plaintiffs-Respondents,
v.
JULIAN M. CARCHESIO, JULIAN KATERA
DESIGNS, INC.,
Defendants-Appellants.
___________________________________________
Argued December 3, 2003 - Decided January 29, 2004
Before Judges Conley, Wecker
See footnote 1 and Weissbard.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Monmouth County,
DC-4199-02.
Patricia B. Adams argued the cause for
appellants (Campbell, Foley, Lee, Murphy
& Cernigliaro, attorneys; Ms. Adams on the
brief).
Michael S. Simon argued the cause for
respondents (Simon, Monahan & Simon,
attorneys; Mr. Simon on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
WEISSBARD, J.A.D.
Defendants, Julian M. Carchesio and Julian Katera Designs, Inc. (Katera), appeal from a
judgment in the amount of $6400 in favor of plaintiffs, Momudo F. Rogers
and Josephine Rogers-Moore. The judgment represented the amount of property damage sustained by
the Rogers vehicle in an accident on December 14, 2001. We reverse and
order entry of a judgment for defendants.
The relevant facts are quite simple. On December 14, 2001, plaintiff Momudo F.
Rogers was operating a vehicle involved in a collision with a vehicle owned
by Katera and being driven by Carchesio. There is some question as to
who owned the Rogers vehicle. In their complaint, plaintiffs alleged joint ownership but
in his deposition Momudo Rogers testified the vehicle belonged to him. Since the
issue before us does not turn on who owned the car, we will
simply refer to it as the Rogers vehicle and our references to Rogers
or plaintiff will be to Momudo Rogers.
As a result of the collision, plaintiff suffered a "little bruise" on his
face and a slight bloody nose. Over his protest, plaintiff was taken by
ambulance to the hospital for emergency room evaluation. An x-ray was taken, which
was negative, and some medication applied to his face which was bleeding. He
received no further treatment at any time.
At the time of the accident, plaintiff did not have insurance in effect,
his coverage having expired. As a result, after plaintiff filed suit seeking recovery
for the property damage to his car, defendants moved for summary judgment based
upon N.J.S.A. 39:6A-4.5 which provides:
a. Any person who, at the time of an automobile accident resulting in
injuries to that person, is required but fails to maintain medical expense benefits
coverage mandated by section 4 of P.L. 1972, c. 70 (C:39:6A-4), section 4
of P.L. 1998, c 21 (C:39:6A-3.1) . . . shall have no cause
of action for recovery of economic or noneconomic loss sustained as a result
of an accident while operating an uninsured automobile.
In Mody v. Brooks,
339 N.J. Super. 392, 393 (App. Div. 2001), the
plaintiff also sought recovery only for property damage, sustained in a collision on
January 3, 1999. We noted that the record contained nothing to indicate that
plaintiff sustained any bodily injuries. Id. at 393, 394, 402. As here, the
plaintiff in Mody was also uninsured. Id. at 394. We held that N.J.S.A.
39:6A-4.5a "bars recovery only for economic and noneconomic losses resulting from bodily injury."
Ibid. Thus, Mody's claim for property damage was not barred by the statute.
Id. at 395. We found "the preclusive language of the statute [to be]
plain. Only if there is an accident 'resulting in injuries to that person,'
is the uninsured party barred from suit." Id. at 394. We came to
that conclusion because the statute did not use "the general, all-encompassing term 'damages',"
id. at 394-95, which would include property damage as well as the damages
which flow directly from an injury to the person. Id. at 395.
Not surprisingly, plaintiff relies upon Mody to support the judgment in this case,
while defendants argue that Mody is distinguishable. We agree with defendants. Mody was
decided under the version of the no-fault law as it existed in 1999.
The present version of the no-fault law, the Automobile Insurance Cost Reduction Act
of 1998 (AICRA), became effective in March 1999, after the Mody accident. As
a part of AICRA, the legislature enacted N.J.S.A. 39:6A-2k, which defined "economic loss"
to mean "uncompensated loss of income or property, or other uncompensated expenses, including,
but not limited to, medical expenses." (emphasis added). That definition, which we consider
dispositive of plaintiff's claim, was not applicable in Mody. Id. at 401-02.
Nevertheless, plaintiff argues from Mody, that for a claim to be barred, any
damage, apparently including property damage, must follow from an accident which resulted "in
injuries to that person." Since Rogers made no claim based upon injury to
his person and, in fact, suffered only very slight injuries, plaintiff argues that
his property damage claim remains viable. The motion judge accepted that view, finding
the injuries to be "minimal." Looking for guidance to the definition of medical
expenses in N.J.S.A. 39:6A-2e, which speaks of "necessary" expenses, the judge concluded that
defendants did not establish that plaintiff's injuries met "the standards precluding recovery that
the legislature contemplated," presumably because no treatment was actually required.
As we said in Mody, "our 'first obligation is to consider the statute's
plain meaning'." Id. at 395 (quoting State v. Marchiani,
336 N.J. Super. 541,
546 (App. Div.), certif. denied,
168 N.J. 292 (2001)). We see no basis
in the statute for distinguishing between degrees of bodily injury. Here, there is
no doubt that plaintiff sustained bodily injury, which resulted in medical expense for
ambulance transportation and emergency room evaluation. Certainly, the fact that he did not
make a claim for any bodily injury is of no moment since, being
uninsured he was barred from asserting any such claim.
See footnote 2
Thus, there was an accident "resulting in injuries," plaintiff was uninsured, and economic
loss is defined to include property damage. The result is that plaintiff's claim
is barred and defendant's motion for summary judgment should have been granted.
Reversed and remanded for entry of judgment in favor of defendants.
Footnote: 1 Judge Wecker did not participate in oral argument. However, the parties consented to
her participation in the decision.
Footnote: 2 We do not consider the brief reference to
Mody in Caviglia v.
Royal Tours of America,
355 N.J. Super. 1, 13 (App. Div. 2002), leave
to appeal granted,
175 N.J. 544 (2003), as constituting a determination that the
result in Mody survives AICRA. Of course, if Caviglia survives Supreme Court review,
N.J.S.A. 39:6A-4.5a is unconstitutional.