SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-2755-94T3
PHILIP RIZZO, PHYLLIS RIZZO and
SILVER RIDGE PARTNERSHIP through
its trustees PHILIP RIZZO and
PHYLLIS RIZZO,
Plaintiffs-Respondents,
vs.
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES INCORPORATED,
a corporation,
Defendant-Appellant.
Argued January 11, 1995 - Decided February 28, 1996
Before Judges Michels and Villanueva.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Morris County.
Jordan S. Weitberg argued the cause for
appellant (Bressler, Amery & Ross, attorneys;
Mr. Weitberg, of counsel and on the brief).
John A. Snyder II argued the cause for
respondents (Fox and Fox, attorneys; Gabriel
H. Halpern, of counsel; Mr. Snyder, on the
brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
VILLANUEVA, J.A.D.
Defendant Prudential Securities Incorporated appeals from an order of the Law Division that denied its motion to dismiss plaintiffs' complaint seeking to recover damages allegedly incurred as the result of defendant's wrongful disclosure of plaintiffs' account information to a third party pursuant to a
subpoena and to require plaintiffs to submit all the issues
raised in their complaint to arbitration. We affirm.
Plaintiffs each signed an Opening Account Agreement (Account
Agreement) with defendant. Each Account Agreement contained the
following provisions:
The undersigned agrees, and by carrying an
account for the undersigned you agree, all
controversies which may arise between us
concerning any transaction or the
construction, performance or breach of this
or any other agreement between us, whether
entered into prior, on or subsequent to the
date hereof, shall be determined by
arbitration.
. . . .
Any controversy arising out of or relating to
my account, to transactions with or for me or
to this agreement or the breach thereof, and
whether executed or to be executed within or
outside of the United States, shall be
settled by arbitration.
In addition, the Account Agreements contained two provisions
relating to arbitration:
[A]ll controversies which may arise between
us concerning any transaction or the
construction, performance or breach of this
or any other agreement between us . . . shall
be determined by arbitration;
Any controversy arising out of or relating to
my account, to transactions with or for me or
to this agreement or the breach thereof, . .
. shall be settled by arbitration.
Plaintiffs' daughter and son-in-law were involved in a domestic violence action, and the son-in-law served a subpoena duces tecum upon defendant requiring it to produce documents dealing with all transactions in plaintiffs' accounts.
Plaintiffs notified defendant that no documents should be
produced until a motion was made by plaintiffs to quash the
subpoena. Notwithstanding the fact that defendant agreed to
comply with plaintiffs' instruction and the domestic violence
matter was settled, defendant turned over the documents. As a
result, plaintiffs were drawn into the underlying divorce action.
Plaintiffs filed a complaint seeking damages incurred as a
result of defendant's wrongful disclosure of its account
information to a third party. Plaintiffs' complaint alleges two
causes of action: (1) a breach by one of Prudential's
representatives of an oral representation not to produce
plaintiffs' documents and records for use in an unrelated
matrimonial action; and (2) negligence in providing said
documents to counsel for a third party in an unrelated action
following the settlement of that action. Defendant filed a
motion to dismiss the complaint or to compel arbitration. The
trial court, without oral argument and without issuing any oral
or written opinion, denied the motion.
On appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in
failing to dismiss plaintiffs' complaint and to order
arbitration. It argues that the underlying dispute between
plaintiffs and defendant must be submitted to arbitration under
the Federal Arbitration Act,
9 U.S.C.A.
§§1-307 (FAA or the
Act). It further argues that the dispute arose out of the
Account Agreements and thus the resolution of that dispute is
governed by the arbitration clauses in those agreements.
The Act applies to all contracts evidencing a transaction
involving interstate commerce:
A written provision in any maritime
transaction or a contract evidencing a
transaction involving commerce to settle by
arbitration a controversy thereafter arising
out of such contract or transaction . . .
shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable,
save upon such grounds as exist at law or in
equity for the revocation of any contract.
[
9 U.S.C.A.
§2.]
The Third Circuit has held that arbitration clauses in securities
brokerage agreements are contracts involving interstate commerce
within the meaning of the Act. Hays & Co. v. Merrill Lynch,
Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.,
885 F.2d 1149, 1152 (3d Cir.
1989). Therefore, the applicability of the parties' Account
Agreements to the present dispute is to be determined pursuant to
the FAA.
Parties can only be compelled to arbitrate those matters
that are within the scope of the arbitration clause of the
contract. Seaboard Coast Line R.R. v. Trailer Train Co.,
690 F.2d 1343, 1348 (11th Cir. 1982). Moreover, for an arbitration
clause to be enforceable, the underlying contract must embrace
the disputed matter. Jackson v. Atlantic City Elec. Co.,
144 F.
Supp. 551, 553-54 (D.N.J. 1956).
Here, plaintiffs' claims concern a wrongful disclosure of
plaintiffs' account information by defendant. This type of claim
is not embraced by the contracts entered into between the
parties. Those contracts pertain solely to the opening and
maintenance of the brokerage accounts. If the contracts do not
embrace the issues concerning plaintiffs' action, the arbitration
clauses in those agreements do not apply. Seaboard Coast Line
R.R. v. Trailer Train Co., supra, 690 F.
2d at 1351.
Defendant seeks to bring plaintiffs' action within the terms
of the Account Agreements and, in particular, within the scope of
the arbitration clauses. It is a broad reach to conclude that
the claims asserted by plaintiffs against defendant fall within
the arbitration provisions of the those agreements. Plaintiffs'
claims for the wrongful turning over of documents pursuant to a
subpoena have nothing to do with their Account Agreements. The
Act was never intended to cover this kind of a claim.
On appeal defendant argues that the trial court failed to
consider whether plaintiffs' action is arbitrable as (1) a
controversy "which may arise between us concerning any
transaction . . . between us" or a controversy "arising out of or
relating to . . . transactions with or for me"; (2) a controversy
involving "the construction, performance or breach of this . . .
agreement"; or (3) a controversy dealing with "the construction,
performance or breach . . . of any other agreement between us."
Before a court interprets the scope of an arbitration
clause, it must determine whether the contract containing the
arbitration clause encompasses the underlying dispute. The
Account Agreements at issue were never intended to encompass the
wrongful disclosure that is the subject of this suit.
None of the other arbitration clauses require submitting
this case to compulsory arbitration. The wrongful disclosure
complained of is not a transaction between plaintiffs and
defendant, nor did it involve a transaction undertaken on
plaintiffs' behalf. Wrongful disclosures encompassed under an
arbitration clause of this type include the misleading investment
advice that was the subject of the lawsuit in Shearson/American
Express, Inc., v. McMahon,
482 U.S. 220,
107 S. Ct. 2332,
96 L.
Ed.2d 185 (1987), not the wrongful disclosures to third parties
at issue here.
Affirmed.