SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2381-98T3
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
HELEN M. SANDERS,
Defendant-Appellant
______________________________
Submitted: January 5, 2000 - Decided: January
19, 2000
Before Judges King, P.G. Levy and Carchman.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part,
Burlington County.
Helen M. Sanders, appellant pro se.
Robert D. Bernardi, Burlington County
Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Stacey
Geurds, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and
on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
KING, P.J.A.D.
In this case Judge Smith issued a domestic violence temporary
restraining order (TRO) against appellant Helen M. Sanders on May
18, 1998. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-29. Sanders violated the TRO on May 21,
1998. On May 27, 1998, at the final hearing for the domestic
violence matter, Judge Smith made a finding that no domestic
violence was proved, dismissed the complaint and vacated the TRO.
A hearing on the contempt charge for violation of the TRO was
held on November 9, 1998. Appellant Sanders was tried and
convicted at that time before Judge Bell, who imposed a sentence of
a one-year probation term and financial penalties for criminal
contempt.
On this appeal Sanders claims this criminal contempt
conviction under N.J.S.A. 2C:29-9(b) for her interim violation of
the TRO cannot stand because no permanent restraining order ever
issued. She states her pro se argument in full this way:
IT WAS PLAIN ERROR TO FIND DEFENDANT IN
CONTEMPT SINCE THE UNDERLYING TRO WAS
DISMISSED.
By way of background, the underlying TRO
which formed the basis of the contempt
proceeding was dismissed by the trial court on
May 27, 1998 by Judge Smith. Although it is
clear that the underlying facts occurred
between the initiation of the TRO and the
eventual dismissal of the TRO, it would be
procedurally unfair to find defendant guilty
of an order that was eventually dismissed by
the court. See J.F. v. B.K., Docket No. A
4394-96T5 (App. Div. 1998).
We disagree and affirm. We conclude it is irrelevant in a
criminal contempt proceeding whether the temporary restraining
order in effect at the time of the violation is later vacated or
dismissed and no permanent restraint issues. An order of the court
must be obeyed unless and until a court acts to change or rescind
it. The State need only prove that the order was in existence at
the time of the alleged contempt. See State v. Washington,
319 N.J. Super. 681 (Law Div. 1998). There is no dispute here that the
order was in effect at the time of the proven violation.
Appellant argues that "it would be procedurally unfair to find
defendant guilty of an order that was eventually dismissed by the
court," relying on J.F. v. B.K.,
308 N.J. Super. 387 (App. Div.
1998). In J.F. v. B.K. we addressed the trial judge's finding of
an act of domestic violence made at the final restraining order
hearing, not in a contempt proceeding. There we found that the
issuance of a restraining order is limited to the facts contained
in the domestic violence complaint. Id. at 391-92. It is "unfair"
and a violation of due process to issue an order on acts of
domestic violence not mentioned in the complaint. Id. Defendant
in J.F. v. B.K. had no knowledge of these allegations prior to the
hearing; this prevented defendant from properly defending himself.
Appellant's reliance here on J.F. v. B.K. is clearly misplaced
There must be judicial control over the court's orders. A
restrained party is not allowed to gamble on the outcome of the
final hearing to justify committing an interim violation of the
restraints.
Affirmed.