SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-1006-97T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Respondent-Respondent,
v.
ALEXANDRA OCHOA, a/k/a
VICTORIA ORDONEZ, a/k/a
PAMELA CORDOVA,
Petitioner-Appellant.
_____________________________________
Submitted July 7, 1998 - Decided July 22, 1998
Before Judges Skillman and Wefing.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Hudson County.
Miller & Menaker, attorneys for appellant
(Steven Menaker, on the brief).
Jeffrey S. Blitz, Atlantic County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Jack R. Martin,
Assistant Prosecutor, on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
SKILLMAN, J.A.D.
The issue presented by this appeal is whether a conviction
in another jurisdiction of an offense which would be a disorderly
persons or petty disorderly persons offense if committed in New
Jersey must be considered in determining whether a person who has
been convicted of a disorderly persons or petty disorderly
persons offense in New Jersey is eligible to seek expungement of
that conviction.
N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3 provides:
Any person convicted of a disorderly
persons offense or petty disorderly persons
offense under the laws of this State who has
not been convicted of any prior or subsequent
crime, whether within this State or any other
jurisdiction, or of another three disorderly
persons or petty disorderly persons offenses,
may, after the expiration of a period of 5
years from the date of his conviction,
payment of fine, satisfactory completion of
probation or release from incarceration,
whichever is later, present a duly verified
petition as provided in section 2C:52-7
hereof to the Superior Court in the county in
which the conviction was entered praying that
such conviction and all records and
information pertaining thereto be expunged.
Petitioner filed a petition seeking the expungement of three
convictions for disorderly persons and petty disorderly persons
offenses which she committed in New Jersey in 1990 and 1991: one
for solicitation for prostitution, in violation of N.J.S.A.
2C:34-1, and two for defiant trespass, in violation of N.J.S.A.
2C:18-3b. Because a person who has committed three or less
disorderly persons and petty disorderly persons offenses may seek
expungement of all of his or her convictions, State v. A.N.J.,
98 N.J. 421 (1985), petitioner concededly would have been eligible
to seek expungement if her criminal record consisted solely of
the three convictions in New Jersey. However, petitioner also
has been convicted in other jurisdictions of four additional
offenses which would be classified as disorderly persons or petty
disorderly persons offenses in New Jersey: one conviction in
Honolulu, Hawaii, for prostitution, and three convictions in New
York City of loitering for the purpose of engaging in
prostitution.
In arguing that these out-of-state convictions should be
disregarded in determining her eligibility to seek expungement of
her New Jersey convictions, petitioner relied upon State v.
H.J.B.,
240 N.J. Super. 216 (Law Div. 1990), in which the court
concluded that a disorderly persons offense committed in another
jurisdiction may not be considered in determining eligibility to
seek expungement of a disorderly persons, petty disorderly
persons or municipal ordinance conviction in New Jersey. The
court in H.J.B. noted that although N.J.S.A. 2C:52-2, 3 and 4 all
preclude expungement "if the petitioner has been convicted `of a
prior or subsequent crime, whether within this state or any other
jurisdiction[,]' ... [t]he absence [in N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3 and 4] of
the phrase `whether within this state or any other jurisdiction'
as to d.p., p.d.p. and m.o. offenses indicates that the
Legislature intended only New Jersey d.p. and p.d.p. be
considered." Id. at 221.
The trial court disagreed with the interpretation of
N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3 and 4 adopted in H.J.B. and concluded that
petitioner's four convictions in other jurisdictions precluded
consideration of her petition for expungement. The court stated
that if disorderly persons and petty disorderly persons offenses
were disregarded in determining the applicability of the
numerical bar to relief under N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3, it would be
inconsistent with the "spirit and letter of the expungement
statute" and with what "the legislature meant to accomplish when
it enacted that laudable statute." We agree with the trial
court's analysis and affirm the denial of petitioner's
application for the expungement of her three New Jersey
convictions for disorderly persons and petty disorderly persons
offenses.
"It is well established that in construing a statutory
provision, courts must seek to fulfill the statutory objective
`so far as the terms of the legislation and proper consideration
of the interests of those subject to it will fairly permit.'"
State v. Haliski,
140 N.J. 1, 9 (1995) (quoting State v. Gill,
47 N.J. 441, 444 (1966)). "Where a literal rendering will lead to a
result not in accord with the essential purpose and design of the
act, the spirit of the law will control the letter." New Jersey
Builders, Owners & Managers Ass'n v. Blair,
60 N.J. 330, 338
(1972). "[T]o that end `words used may be expanded or limited
according to the manifest reason and obvious purpose of the
law.'" Id. at 340 (quoting New Capitol Bar & Grill Corp. v.
Division of Employment Sec.,
25 N.J. 155, 160 (1957) (internal
quotations omitted)).
N.J.S.A. 2C:52-32 states:
[The laws relating to expungement] shall be
construed with the primary objective of
providing relief to the one-time offender who
has led a life of rectitude and disassociated
himself with unlawful activity, but not to
create a system whereby periodic violators of
the law or those who associate themselves
with criminal activity have a regular means
of expunging their police and criminal
records.
In the case of a person whose convictions consist solely of
disorderly persons and petty disorderly persons offenses, the
expungement law extends relief not only to the one-time offender
but also to a person who has committed up to three such offenses.
State v. A.N.J., supra, 98 N.J. at 427. However, the Legislature
intended to "freeze the rights of the disorderly persons offender
at three convictions. Beyond that, no matter when the offenses
occur, relief should not be granted." Ibid. It would be
manifestly inconsistent with this legislative intent to expunge
the New Jersey convictions of a habitual petty offender who has
committed numerous petty offenses in other jurisdictions but no
more than three such offenses in New Jersey. Moreover, this
anomalous result is not compelled even by a literal reading of
N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3, which bars expungement of convictions for
disorderly persons and petty disorderly offenses if the
petitioner has "another three disorderly persons or petty
disorderly persons offenses," without specifying that such
offenses must have been committed within this State. Therefore,
even though N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3 expressly states that expungement is
barred if the petitioner has been convicted of a crime, "whether
within this State or any other jurisdiction," without repeating
this phrase in regard to other convictions for disorderly persons
and petty disorderly persons offenses, we are unwilling to
construe this omission as an affirmative expression of a
legislative intent that convictions of disorderly persons and
petty disorderly persons in other jurisdictions should be
disregarded in determining a petty offender's eligibility to seek
the expungement of convictions pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:52-3.
Accordingly, we conclude that petitioner is not eligible to seek
expungement of her New Jersey disorderly persons and petty
disorderly persons convictions and that H.J.B. must be overruled.
Affirmed.