SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-6085-95T4
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
ROBERT BESSIX,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________
Argued January 21, 1998 - Decided March 9, 1998
Before Judges Long, Kleiner and Kimmelman.
On appeal from the Superior Court of
New Jersey, Law Division, Cumberland County.
Stephen A. Caruso, Assistant Deputy Public
Defender argued the cause for appellant
(Ivelisse Torres, Public Defender, attorney;
Mr. Caruso, of counsel and on the brief).
David D. Weber, Assistant Prosecutor,
argued the cause for respondent (Arthur J.
Marchand, Cumberland County Prosecutor,
attorney; Mr. Weber, on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
KIMMELMAN, J.A.D.
After being referred to the Law Division by the Family Part
for trial as an adult, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:4A-26a(2)(a) and R.
5:22-2(b), for the commission of a vicious crime two weeks after
his fourteenth birthday, defendant Robert Bessix entered into a
plea agreement under which he pled guilty to the first-degree
offense of armed robbery. He was subsequently sentenced to a
prison term of twenty years with a ten-year period of parole
ineligibility. Defendant appeals, contending that he should have
been continued as a juvenile and not waived up for trial as an
adult and that his sentence was excessive. We affirm the waiver of
jurisdiction by the Family Part over defendant. However, for the
reasons that follow, we vacate defendant's sentence and remand to
the trial court.
Defendant, in the company of four other youths, set upon an
elderly man for the purpose of robbing him. Defendant was handed
a baseball bat and he used it to strike the victim twice in the
head. While the victim was down on the ground and evidently
unconscious, at least two of the other youths rifled $9 or $10 from
his pockets. They divided up the money and fled. We note that
Kamera Bai Robbins, who handed the bat to defendant, was an adult
at the time of the offense.
After an extensive waiver hearing, the Family Part judge
prepared a thorough letter opinion dated December 12, 1995, in
which he concluded:
Based on the information before the
Court, if all of the components of the
individual rehabilitation plan could be put
into place and work to their maximum
potential, there is a chance that Robert
Bessix could be rehabilitated before the age
of nineteen. That probability is not high.
The Court must weigh that probability against the reasons for waiver. Robert was the primary actor in the vicious, brutal attack with a weapon on an elderly unarmed gentlemen. The police officer at the probable cause stage indicated that he saw the victim a few hours later and that he had a severely bruised and bloodied face, that his eyes were
swollen shut, he was unable to talk and his
face was "severely mangled". [sic] Robert
hit the victim twice, the second time being
after he was knocked to the ground and then
tripped and previously assaulted by Shydee
Spencer.
The community is entitled to be protected
from individuals who stalk victims in a
predatory fashion and then assault them in the
manner which Mr. Bessix did. I find that the
reasons for waiver substantially outweigh any
probability of rehabilitation, and grant the
Prosecutor's motion to transfer Mr. Bessix to
the Law Division, Criminal Part.
In affirming the decision of the Family Part judge, we
recognize that waiver of a juvenile offender for trial as an adult
in the Law Division is highly discretionary. State v. Onque,
290 N.J. Super. 578, 584 (App. Div.), certif. denied,
146 N.J. 497
(1996). Based upon our review of the record, it does not appear
that the exercise of the judge's discretion was flawed. See State
v. Matarama,
306 N.J. Super. 6, 16 (App. Div. 1997). The judge's
findings of fact and conclusions of law find ample support in the
record and will be given appropriate deference. State v. Johnson,
42 N.J. 146, 162 (1964); Matarama, supra, 306 N.J. Super. at 16.
Pursuant to a plea agreement, defendant entered a guilty plea
to the first count of an indictment which charged him with robbery
while armed with a deadly weapon, a first-degree offense, contrary
to N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1. The recommended sentence was a limit or cap
of twenty years in New Jersey State prison with a ten-year period
of parole ineligibility.
At sentencing, the trial court recounted the factual
circumstances of the crime and discussed the character of
defendant. Aggravating factors 1, 2, 9, and 12 were found to exist.
N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1. The court made reference to the suggested
mitigating factors, but gave them minimal weight under the
circumstances. The court concluded that it had "no alternative but
to find that the aggravating circumstances certainly preponderate
over the mitigating circumstances." The sentence was expressed as
follows: "[T]he sentence of the court is 20 years in New Jersey
State Prison. There is a parole ineligibility period of 10 years."
For the reasons hereinafter stated, we find that the trial court
did not sufficiently articulate on the record its reasons for
imposing a period of parole ineligibility in this case.
The mechanics which must be followed by a sentencing court in
imposing a period of parole ineligibility are set forth in State v.
Kruse,
105 N.J. 354 (1987). In Kruse, the Court held that
"`[p]eriods of parole ineligibility are the exception and not the
rule. They are not to be treated as routine or commonplace.'" Id.
at 359 (citation omitted). Further, the Court held that,
[A]fter determining the sentence and deciding
on the appropriateness of parole
ineligibility, the court "shall state on the
record the reasons for imposing the sentence,
including . . . consideration of the
defendant's eligibility for release under the
law governing parole [and shall state] the
factual basis supporting its findings of
particular aggravating or mitigating factors
affecting sentence." N.J.S.A. 2C:43-2e[.]
[Ibid.]
A three-step process must be followed in order to provide an
intelligible record for review. The sentencing court must (1)
"identify the aggravating and mitigating factors," (2) "describe
the balance of those factors," and (3) "explain how it determined
defendant's sentence." Id. at 360. See also State v. Watson,
224 N.J. Super. 354, 363 (App. Div.) (remanding for resentencing where
the Kruse analysis was not placed on the record), certif. denied,
111 N.J. 620, cert. denied,
488 U.S. 983,
109 S. Ct. 535, 102 L.
Ed.2d 566 (1988). Finally, the Kruse Court made it clear that
whether the term of parole ineligibility is affixed to the maximum
term or to the presumptive term, "in all cases where [the court]
finds parole ineligibility appropriate, the court should state the
reasons for the sentence[.]" Kruse, supra, 105 N.J. at 362.
While we find no fault with the imposition of the maximum term
in this case, the imposition of the period of parole ineligibility
fails for the absence of the explanatory record required by Kruse.
Consequently, we are disposed to remand for reconsideration of that
part of the sentence.
We note that the sentences imposed upon defendant's
compatriots in the attack differed considerably from that imposed
upon defendant. Dennis William Stevenson, not a juvenile, pled
guilty to first-degree robbery and was sentenced to a prison term
of sixteen years without a parole disqualifier. The original bat
weilder, Kamara Bai Robbins, not a juvenile, pled guilty to first-degree robbery and was sentenced to a prison term of sixteen years
without a parole disqualifier. Laquint German Allen, a juvenile
referred to the Law Division for trial as an adult, pled guilty to
third-degree aggravated assault and was sentenced to an
indeterminate term at the State Youth Correctional Facility. Only
defendant received a period of parole ineligibility. We hasten to
acknowledge that the punishment meted out to defendant's
compatriots was not before the court at the time defendant was
sentenced. However, the sentences of the others do appear in the
record before this court and we have had the opportunity to compare
them all.
A stated purpose for the enactment of the New Jersey Criminal
Code is "[t]o safeguard offenders against . . . disproportionate or
arbitrary punishment[.]" N.J.S.A. 2C:1-2b(4). The sentence of
defendant, in comparison with that imposed upon Robbins, appears to
us to be disproportionate to a significant degree. Robbins was an
adult at the time of the attack. While Robbins did not actually
strike the victim, he nevertheless handed a baseball bat to the
young boy with him (defendant) with the expectation that defendant
would do so. Robbins did not receive a period of parole
ineligibility. That being the case, we are of the view that the
sentencing judge should reconsider the necessity for the imposition
of a period of parole ineligibility, in accordance with the stated
legislative purpose of N.J.S.A. 2C:1-2b(4).
Accordingly, we reverse the portion of defendant's sentence
imposing the ten-year period of parole ineligibility. The matter
is remanded to the trial court for the resentencing of defendant in
accordance with this opinion.