SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
A-4490-96T5
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
VINCENZO LATONA,
Defendant-Respondent.
________________________________________
Submitted January 13, 1998 - Decided January 28, 1998
Before Judges Stern and Kimmelman.
On appeal from the Superior Court of
New Jersey, Law Division, Sussex County.
Dennis O'Leary, Sussex County Prosecutor,
attorney for appellant (Thomas E. Bracken,
Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on
the brief).
Daniel A. Colfax, attorney for
respondent.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
KIMMELMAN, J.A.D.
The issue on appeal is whether defendant Vincenzo Latona
should be sentenced as a second or third time offender for driving
while intoxicated (DWI), in violation of N.J.S.A. 39:4-50.
On July 22, 1996, defendant appeared before the Sparta
Municipal Court and pled guilty to the offense of DWI. As a third-time offender, defendant was sentenced to serve 180 days in the
county jail and his driving privileges were revoked for ten years,
pursuant to N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a)(3). Defendant's jail sentence was
stayed pending his appeal to the Law Division; the issue on appeal
being the propriety of the 180-day jail term imposed on him. On
the trial de novo, Judge Hanifan, relying on the Supreme Court's
ruling in State v. Laurick,
120 N.J. 1 (1990), cert. denied,
498 U.S. 967,
111 S. Ct. 429,
112 L. Ed.2d 413 (1990), reduced the
custodial aspect of defendant's sentence to ninety days, to conform
to the custodial penalty legislatively authorized for a second-time
offender. The State appeals. See State v. Faunce,
244 N.J. Super. 499, 501 (App. Div. 1990) (holding that the State has the common-law right to appeal where constitutionally permissible). The
custodial aspect of defendant's sentence has once again been stayed
pending this appeal.
It appears without dispute that defendant's first DWI
conviction was in 1988 in the Township of Mt. Olive and his second
was in 1991 in the Borough of Ft. Lee. At the time of the Mt.
Olive offense, defendant was indigent, and he was not represented
by counsel. After reviewing the records of the Mt. Olive
conviction, Judge Hanifan found that defendant was not advised of
either his right to counsel or, in view of his indigency, his right
to have counsel appointed to represent him. In point of fact, the
1988 Mt. Olive DWI conviction was an "uncounseled conviction."
Consequently, Judge Hanifan read Laurick to require that the Mt.
Olive conviction not be counted in applying the progressively-enhanced penalties that second and third offenders receive under
N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a)(2) and (3). As the Court said in Laurick: "a
third offender with one prior uncounseled conviction could not be
sentenced to more than ninety day's imprisonment." Laurick, supra,
120 N.J. at 16.
On appeal, the State focuses upon the fact that, in deciding
Laurick, the Court relied upon language in Baldasar v. Illinois,
446 U.S. 222,
100 S. Ct. 1585,
64 L. Ed.2d 169 (1980), to the
effect that uncounseled convictions cannot be used to enhance
punishment for subsequent offenses. However, the State points out
that Baldasar was expressly overruled in Nichols v. United States,
5ll U.S. 738,
114 S. Ct. 1921,
128 L. Ed.2d 745 (1994). The State
now urges that, given the opportunity, our Supreme Court would
follow Nichols and modify its Laurick decision, so we should reject
the reduction of defendant's sentence and require that he be
sentenced as a third-time DWI offender, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a)(3).
This court may not speculate on whether our Supreme Court
would rethink its holding in Laurick because a subsequent United
States Supreme Court decision overruled one of the cases upon which
Laurick relied. A close reading of Laurick indicates much
authority and reasoning apart from Baldasar to support the
decision. As to Baldasar, the Court pointedly said:
We are satisfied that there is a core value to
Baldasar that we should follow: that an
uncounseled conviction without waiver of the
right to counsel is invalid for the purpose of
increasing a defendant's loss of liberty.
[Laurick, supra, 120 N.J. at 16.]
For present purposes, we are bound to adhere to Laurick, and to the
"core value" expressed, which we find to be applicable to this
case.
The State further contends that it was improper for the Law
Division to consider that a portion of defendant's custodial
sentence could be substituted for service in the Sheriff's Labor
Assistance Program. This issue was not raised below and we see no
just reason to address it on appeal. R. 2:10-2.
In accordance with the foregoing discussion and substantially
for the reasons expressed by Judge Hanifan in his oral opinions of
December 20, 1996, and March 21, 1997, the final judgment entered
April 4, 1997, is affirmed.