SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-6322-98T3
THOMAS MELFI,
Claimant-Appellant,
v.
BOARD OF REVIEW and TREASURE
ISLAND,
Respondents-Respondents.
Submitted January 10, 2001 - Decided January 29, 2001
Before Judges Baime and Carchman.
On appeal from Final Decision of Board of Review,
Department of Labor, 99-A-05045-000-X0.
Thomas Melfi, appellant pro se.
John J. Farmer, Jr., Attorney General, attorney for
respondent Board of Review (Mary C. Jacobson, Assistant
Attorney General, of counsel; Pamela E. Schneider,
Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).
Respondent Treasure Island did not file a brief.
PER CURIAM
Appellant Thomas Melfi appeals from a final decision of the
Board of Review (the Board) denying his claim for partial
unemployment compensation benefits for the week ending February
13, 1999. Appellant, who was collecting partial benefits while
employed through a temporary employment agency, did not work on
February 8, 1999, because he attended the funeral of his brother-
in-law. Although appellant worked the remainder of the week, the
Board determined that he was unavailable for work" for the
complete seven-day work week commencing on February 7, 1999, and
was therefore disqualified for unemployment benefits, N.J.S.A.
43:21-4(c)(1) (permitting unavailability for work for up to two
days when attending the funeral of defined family members), (6)
and N.J.S.A. 43:21-19(q). Although we consider the legislative
scheme permitting funeral attendance to be too restrictive, and
not in keeping with the realities of extended familial
relationships, we are constrained to follow this narrowly drawn
statutory proscription and affirm.
The facts are simply stated. Appellant's brother-in-law
died on February 5, 1999. Appellant and his brother-in-law did
not reside in the same household. Appellant notified his
employer that he would be attending his brother-in-law's funeral
on February 8, 1999, and would not be available for work. He
returned to work the next day and for the remainder of the week.
Appellant's claim for partial unemployment compensation benefits
for the week of February 7 to 13, 1999, was denied because
appellant was "unavailable for work" on February 8. Following a
hearing, the Appeal Tribunal affirmed, as did the Board.
Appellant appeals, asserting that the compensation eligibility
scheme under N.J.S.A. 43:21-4 and -19(q) violates his rights of
free exercise of religion and equal protection under the First
and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
U.S. Const. amends. I, XIV. We conclude that appellant's free
exercise claim is without merit. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). This
neutral statutory scheme as interpreted and applied does not
violate any religious tenet asserted by appellant.
Under the Unemployment Compensation Law, N.J.S.A. 43:21-1 to
-71 (the UCL), eligibility and disqualification for benefits are
determined according to a claimant's weekly employment status.
See, e.g., N.J.S.A. 43:21-5; N.J.S.A. 43:21-19(t). An individual
is deemed "unemployed" for any week during which the individual
is engaged in less than full-time employment resulting in
remuneration less than the applicable weekly unemployment
compensation benefit rate. N.J.S.A. 43:21-19(l)(A). A "week" is
defined as "the calendar week ending at midnight Saturday, or as
the [Department of Labor Division of Unemployment] may by
regulation prescribe." N.J.S.A. 43:21-19(q).
An unemployed individual is eligible to receive benefits
with respect to any week only if "[t]he individual is able to
work, is available for work, and has demonstrated to be actively
seeking work." N.J.S.A. 43:21-4(c)(1). The availability test of
the UCL is satisfied when a claimant demonstrates that "he is
genuinely attached to the labor market" and "is willing, able and
ready to accept suitable work which he does not have good cause
to refuse." Krauss v. A. & M. Karagheusian, Inc.,
13 N.J. 447,
457 (1953); Vasquez v. Bd. of Review,
127 N.J. Super. 431, 434
(App. Div.), certif. denied,
65 N.J. 559 (1974). A claimant who
is otherwise eligible to receive benefits under the UCL will not
be considered unavailable for work "solely by reason of the
individual's attendance at the funeral of an immediate family
member, provided that the duration of the attendance does not
extend beyond a two day period." N.J.S.A. 43:21-4(c)(6). An
"immediate family member" is defined to include any of the
following: "father, mother, mother-in-law, father-in-law,
grandmother, grandfather, grandchild, spouse, child, foster
child, sister or brother of the unemployed individual and any
relatives of the unemployed individual residing in the unemployed
individual's household." Ibid.
Although not articulated as such, appellant also challenges
the constitutionality of the statutory scheme on equal protection
grounds, claiming:
There is no basis to presume that in every
case or even in the majority of cases that
someone of the so named non immediate
relatives such as an uncle, aunt, niece or
nephew who doesn't reside in the claimant's
same household does not have as close or
closer relationship with a claimant than one
who does.
While we cannot disagree with the validity of appellant's
observations concerning family relationships, we also cannot say
that the reality of those observations renders the statute
unconstitutional. There is no "fundamental right" to attend a
funeral; nor does appellant's status as a brother-in-law qualify
him as a member of any "protected class." Thus, applying the
rational basis standard, we find no viable equal protection
claim, as the statutory scheme at issue is rationally related to
the objective and legitimate goal of limiting recovery of
benefits under these circumstances. See e.g. Romer v. Evans,
517 U.S. 620, 631,
116 S. Ct. 1620, 1627,
134 L. Ed.2d 855, 865
(1996) (noting that a legislative classification or distinction
which neither burdens a fundamental right nor targets a suspect
class will be upheld if it "bears a rational relation to some
legitimate end"). This is a prime example of line drawing.
While appellant and others similarly situated may legitimately
argue that the standard is too restrictive, that is a matter for
the political process and appropriate legislative reaction,
rather than judicial expansion of the defined class of qualified
claimants. In sum, while we sympathize with the appellant's
dilemma, we cannot legislate. Nor can we declare the provision
unconstitutional when such a declaration is unwarranted.
Appellate courts have a limited role in reviewing the
decisions of administrative agencies. We will not reverse an
agency decision unless it is arbitrary, capricious or
unreasonable, or it is not supported by substantial credible
evidence in the record as a whole. In re Taylor,
158 N.J. 644,
656 (1999); R & R Mktg., L.L.C. v. Brown-Forman Corp.,
158 N.J. 170, 175 (1999); Brady v. Bd. of Review,
152 N.J. 197, 210
(1997); Brock v. Pub. Serv. Elec. & Gas Co.,
149 N.J. 378, 383
(1997). The decisions of administrative agencies carry with them
the presumption of reasonableness. See City of Newark v. Natural
Resource Council, Dep't of Envtl. Protection,
82 N.J. 530, 539-
40, cert. denied,
449 U.S. 983,
101 S. Ct. 400,
66 L. Ed.2d 245
(1980). We may not vacate an agency's determination simply
because of doubts as to its wisdom, Brady v. Bd. of Review,
supra, 152 N.J. at 210, or that of the legislative scheme upon
which it is based.
Affirmed.