(This syllabus is not part of the opinion of the Court. It has been prepared by the Office of the Clerk for
the convenience of the reader. It has been neither reviewed nor approved by the Supreme Court. Please
note that, in the interests of brevity, portions of any opinion may not have been summarized).
(NOTE: This is a companion case to Frazier v. New Jersey Manufacturers Insurance Co., also decided
today)
Argued September 11, 1995 -- Decided December 4, 1995
GARIBALDI, J., writing for the Court.
Utica Mutual Insurance Co. (Utica), a workers' compensation insurance carrier, sued Dwayne Ingala
and his counsel, Maran & Maran, for refusing to honor Utica's lien against a legal malpractice recovery that
Maran & Maran had obtained for Ingala. Ingala had sustained a work-related injury in 1985 while he was
employed by Summit Graphics. While driving a truck, Ingala hit a pothole and his head struck the ceiling of
the truck. Ingala claimed that his resulting injury was caused by the defective design of the driver's seat of
the truck. Ingala retained an attorney to handle his workers' compensation claim, and as of 1991, received
over $180,000 in workers' compensation benefits from Utica, Summit Graphic's workers' compensation
insurance carrier.
Ingala retained another lawyer to handle his products liability action against the truck's seat
manufacturer. That attorney failed to file suit within the statute of limitations. Maran & Maran was
retained to sue Ingala's prior attorney for legal malpractice. The attorney eventually settled the matter for
$585,000. Thereafter, Utica filed suit to obtain reimbursement pursuant to the "no double recovery" rule of
N.J.S.A. 34:15-40 (section 40).
The parties files cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court granted Maran & Maran's
motion, ruling that Utica's lien did not attach to the legal malpractice recovery. The Appellate Division
affirmed that ruling, relying on Wausau Insurance Co. v. Fuentes.
The Supreme Court granted certification.
HELD: A workers' compensation lien attaches to the proceeds of the legal malpractice action; this lien is
imposed on a third-party recovery that is the functional equivalent of a recovery against the actual
third-party tortfeasor, regardless of whether the worker has been fully compensated for his or her
injuries. Moreover, Utica did not preclude itself from asserting a lien either by failing to sue the
third party on its own or by failing to give earlier notice of the lien.
1. In Frazier v. New Jersey Manufacturers Ins. Co., also decided today, the Court set forth its reasons for
holding that a section 40 lien attaches to legal malpractice recoveries. Because the express purpose of
section 40 is to prevent recovery from different sources for the same injury, no justification exists for allowing
an injured employee who receives a legal malpractice recovery to be in a better position than an injured
employee who recovers directly from the tortfeasor. Therefore, a section 40 lien attaches to the legal
malpractice recovery obtained by Ingala. (pp. 3-4)
2. Section 40 prevents the worker from retaining any workers' compensation benefits that have been
supplemented by a recovery against the liable third party, even if the two combined would leave the worker
less than fully compensated. That "no double recovery" rule should not be different when the third-party
recovery is against a party other than the tortfeasor. (p. 4)
3. Utica's entitlement to reimbursement or setoff from the proceeds of the third-party recovery does not
depend on its assertion of a right to sue the third person directly under section 40(f). (pp. 4-5)
Judgment of the Appellate Division is REVERSED.
JUSTICE O'HERN concurs in the judgment of the Court for the reasons stated in his concurring
opinion in Frazier.
JUSTICE STEIN, concurs in the disposition of this appeal, subject to the same reservation
concerning the Court's reliance on Midland Insurance Co. v. Colatrella that he expressed in his concurring
opinion in Frazier.
CHIEF JUSTICE WILENTZ and JUSTICES HANDLER, POLLOCK and COLEMAN join in
JUSTICE GARIBALDI'S opinion. JUSTICES O'HERN and STEIN filed separate concurring opinions.
SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY
A-
4 September Term l995
UTICA MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MARAN & MARAN and DWAYNE
INGALA,
Defendants-Respondents.
Argued September ll, l995 -- Decided December 4, 1995
On certification to the Superior Court,
Appellate Division.
Robert J. Gallop argued the cause for
appellant (Braff, Harris & Sukoneck,
attorneys).
David Maran argued the cause for respondents
(Maran & Maran, attorneys).
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
GARIBALDI, J.
In this appeal, as in Christopher Frazier v. New Jersey Manufacturers Ins. Co., ___ N.J. ___ (l995), also decided today, the primary issue is whether, pursuant to N.J.S.A. 34:l5-40, a workers' compensation lien attaches to the proceeds of a malpractice suit brought to recover damages from an attorney who
failed to institute an action against the third-party tortfeasor
responsible for the worker's injury.
Defendants also make two additional arguments, both of which
were made by Frazier. Defendants claim that even if the lien
could attach to a legal malpractice recovery, it should not
attach if the malpractice and workers' compensation recoveries do
not fully compensate the injured worker. Defendants also argue
that the workers' compensation carrier has no claim because it
failed to institute its own action against the tortfeasor.
Plaintiff, Utica Mutual Insurance Co. (Utica), a workers' compensation insurance carrier, sued defendants Ingala and Ingala's counsel, Maran & Maran, for refusing to honor Utica's lien against a legal malpractice recovery that Maran & Maran had obtained for Ingala. The facts are not in dispute.
Ingala sustained a work-related injury in l985 while employed by Summit Graphics. He hit a pothole while driving a truck, and his head struck the ceiling of the truck. Ingala claimed that his injury was caused by the defective design of the driver's seat of the truck. He retained an attorney to handle his workers' compensation claim. As of l99l, Summit's workers' compensation carrier, Utica, had paid Ingala over $l80,000 in workers' compensation benefits.
Ingala retained another attorney to handle the products liability claim against the liable third party (the seat
manufacturer). Because that attorney failed to file suit within
the statute of limitations, Ingala retained defendant Maran &
Maran to sue him for malpractice. The attorney settled for
$585,000. Utica contended that it had a workers' compensation
lien on the settlement proceeds, but defendants refused to
satisfy the lien. Utica filed this lawsuit.
The parties filed cross motions for summary judgment. The
trial court granted defendants' motion, ruling that Utica's lien
did not attach to the malpractice recovery. On Utica's appeal,
the Appellate Division affirmed, relying on Wausau v. Fuentes,
2l
5 N.J. Super. 476 (App. Div. l980), certif. denied, l
05 N.J. 542l (l986).
This Court initially denied Utica's petition. l39 N.J. l85
(l994). Utica moved for reconsideration, and the Court granted
the motion and the petition for certification.
142 N.J. 437
(l995).
In Frazier, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at ___), we set forth our reasons for holding that section 40 liens attach to legal malpractice recoveries. We relied on our opinion in Midland Ins. Co. v. Colatrella, l 02 N.J. 6l2 (l986), where we held that a section 40 lien attaches to an uninsured motorist recovery. We based that decision "on the belief that the primary concern of the Legislature here, as in other work-related injuries caused by third-party tortfeasors, is to integrate the
sources of recovery." Id. at 6l8. Here the tortious conduct of
the third-party (the seat manufacturer) was the predicate for
Ingala's malpractice recovery against his former attorney. If
the manufacturer had not been subject to liability, Ingala would
have been unable to recover from his former attorney. Because
the express purpose of section 40 is to prevent recovery from
different sources for the same injury, no justification exists
for allowing an injured employee who receives a legal malpractice
recovery to be in a better position than an injured employee who
recovers directly from the tortfeasor.
We also find that section 40 prevents the worker from retaining any workers' compensation benefits that have been supplemented by a recovery against the liable third party, even if the two combined would leave the worker less than fully compensated. Under section 40, the workers' compensation carrier is entitled to reimbursement whether or not the employee is fully compensated. We concluded that the "no double recovery" rule should not be different when the third-party recovery is against a party other than the tortfeasor. See Frazier, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at ___).
Finally, as determined in Frazier, supra, ___ N.J. at ___ (slip op. at ___), Utica's entitlement to reimbursement or set-off from the proceeds of third party recoveries does not depend on its assertion of a right to sue the third person directly
under N.J.S.A. 34:l5-40(f). Hence, there is no merit in
defendants' argument that Utica is barred from asserting a lien
because Utica "did nothing to protect its rights."
As in Frazier we find that the workers' compensation lien attaches to the proceeds of the legal malpractice action, that such a lien is imposed on a third-party recovery that is the functional equivalent of a recovery against the actual third-party tortfeasor, regardless of whether the worker has been fully compensated for his injuries, and that Utica did not preclude itself from asserting a lien either by failing to sue the third party on its own or by failing to give earlier notice of the lien.
The judgment of the Appellate Division is reversed.
CHIEF JUSTICE WILENTZ and JUSTICES HANDLER, POLLOCK and
COLEMAN join in JUSTICE GARIBALDI'S opinion. JUSTICES O'HERN and
STEIN filed separate concurring opinions.
SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY
A-
4 September Term l995
UTICA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MARAN & MARAN AND DWAYNE INGALA,
Defendants-Respondents.
O'HERN, J., concurring.
I concur in the judgment of the Court for the reasons stated
in my opinion in Frazier v. New Jersey Manufacturers Insurance
Company, ___ N.J. ___ (1995), also filed today.
SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY
A-
4 September Term l995
UTICA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MARAN & MARAN AND DWAYNE INGALA,
Defendants-Respondents.
STEIN, J., concurring.
I agree with the Court's disposition of this appeal, subject
to the same reservation concerning its reliance on Midland
Insurance Co. v. Colatrella,
102 N.J. 612 (1986), that I
expressed in my concurring opinion in Frazier v. New Jersey
Manufacturers Insurance Co., ___ N.J. ___ (1995), also decided
today.
NO. A-4 SEPTEMBER TERM 1995
ON APPEAL FROM
ON CERTIFICATION TO Appellate Division, Superior Court
UTICA MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MARAN & MARAN and DWAYNE
INGALA,
Defendants-Respondents.
DECIDED December 4, 1995
Chief Justice Wilentz PRESIDING
OPINION BY Justice Garibaldi
CONCURRING OPINION BY Justice O'Hern and Justice Stein
DISSENTING OPINION BY