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In re Foreclosure of Gray
State: North Carolina
Court: Court of Appeals
Docket No: 12-854
Case Date: 01/15/2013
Preview:NO. COA12-854
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed:  15 January  2013
IN RE:
Foreclosure of Real Property Under                                     Cabarrus County
Deed of Trust from ROBERT H GRAY                                       No.  11 SP  115
and WIFE, AMY P GRAY, in the
original amount of  $360,800.00,
and dated March  5,  2007 and
recorded on March  19,  2007 in Book
7404 at Page  114, Cabarrus County
Registry Trustee Services of
Carolina, LLC, Substitute Trustee
1.                                                                     Appeal  and  Error                                        —  standard  of  review   —  holder  of  valid
debt  — de novo
The  determination  that  respondents  were  the  holder  of
a  valid  debt  required  judgment  and  the  application  of  law
and was reviewed on appeal de novo.
2.                                                                     Mortgages  — foreclosure  — determination of valid debt
The  trial  court  did  not  err  by  concluding  that  a  valid
debt  existed  in  a  foreclosure  action  where  petitioners
argued  that  respondents  were  required  to  show  evidence  that
the  underlying  loan  transaction  was  not  accomplished  in
violation  of  any  statute.     The  precedent  relied  upon  by
petitioners  was  distinguishable  on  its  facts,  petitioners
merely   argued   conclusions   without   stating   any   specific
factual  allegations,  no  support  for  petitioner’s  contention
was  found  in  their  precedent,  and  equitable  defenses  to  the
foreclosure  should  be  asserted  in  an  action  to  enjoin  the
foreclosure sale.




NO. COA12-854
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed:  15 January  2013
IN RE:
Foreclosure of Real Property Under                                     Cabarrus County
Deed of Trust from ROBERT H GRAY                                       No.  11 SP  115
and WIFE, AMY P GRAY, in the
original amount of  $360,800.00,
and dated March  5,  2007 and
recorded on March  19,  2007 in Book
7404 at Page  114, Cabarrus County
Registry Trustee Services of
Carolina, LLC, Substitute Trustee
Appeal  by  petitioners  from  order  entered  2  February  2012  by
Judge  A.  Robinson  Hassell  in  Cabarrus  County  Superior  Court.
Heard in the Court of Appeals  11 December  2012.
Michael  K.  Elliot,  Adam  G.  Breeding,  and  Maggie  Decker  of
ELLIOT LAW FIRM, for petitioners.
Donald Richard Pocock, for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A..
Jeremy B. Wilkins, for Trustee Services of Carolina.
ELMORE, Judge.
                                                                       Robert  H.  Gray  and  Amy  P.  Gray  (petitioners)  appeal  from  an
order  entered                                                         2  February                                                             2012  allowing  the  foreclosure  sale  of
their home.    We affirm.
I. Background




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In  January  2007,  petitioners  entered  into  a                            “Mortgage  Loan
Origination   Agreement”   and   a                                           “Mortgage   Brokerage   Business
Contract”  with  Financial  Resources  Mortgage,  Inc.                       (FRM)  to  re-
finance  their  existing  home  loan.     Their  mortgage  broker  and
loan  originator  through  FRM  was  Jason  Davis.     He  secured  a
residential  mortgage  for  petitioners  through  Lydian  Private  Bank
(Lydian).    On  the  day  of  the  closing,  a  notary,  John  Frechette,
acted  as  the  signing  agent.     No  attorney  was  present  at  the
closing,  but  petitioners  allege  that  Davis  and  Frechette  advised
them  as  to  their  rights  and  obligations  under  the  mortgage.
After  the  closing,  the  deed  of  trust  securing  the  promissory
note   for   the   loan   was   recorded   in   Cabarrus   County,   and
petitioners began making monthly mortgage payments.
A  few  months  later,  the  note  was  transferred  to  Washington
Mutual  and  then  again  sometime  after  that  to  JPMorgan  Chase
Bank,   N.A.                                                                 (respondent).                      On   17   January   2011,   petitioners
received  a  notice  of  default,  reflecting  respondent’s  intention
to  foreclose.    On  3  November  2011,  the  clerk  of  Cabarrus  County
Superior  Court  entered  an  order  allowing  the  foreclosure  sale.
Petitioners  then  appealed  to  the  trial  court.    After  a  de  novo
hearing  on  23  January  2012,  the  trial  court  entered  an  order  on




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2  February  2012  allowing  the  foreclosure  sale.    Petitioners  now
appeal.
II. Argument
On  appeal,  petitioners  challenge  the  trial  court’s  finding
that   respondent                                                              “is   the   holder   of   the   note   sought   to   be
foreclosed   and   the   note   evidences   a   valid   debt   owed   by”
petitioners.     First,  petitioners  argue  that  this  finding  is
actually a conclusion of law.    We agree.
This  Court  has  held  that                                                   “any  determination  requiring  the
exercise  of  judgment  or  the  application  of  legal  principles  is
more  properly  classified  a  conclusion  of  law.”    N.C.  State  Bar
v.  Key,                                                                       189  N.C.  App.                                           80,    88,    658  S.E.2d   493,   499                          (2008)
                                                                               (quotations   and   citations   omitted).                                                    We   conclude   that   the
determination  that  respondents  are  the  holder  of  a  valid  debt
requires  judgment  and  the  application  of  law.    As  such,  we  will
review  accordingly,  see  Id.                                                 (“classification  of  an  item  within
the   order   is   not   determinative,   and,   when   necessary,   the
appellate  court  can  reclassify  an  item  before  applying  the
appropriate  standard  of  review.”).    We  review  the  trial  court’s
conclusions  of  law  de  novo.    See  In  re  Foreclosure  of  a  Deed  of
Trust  Executed  by  Bradburn,                                                 199  N.C.  App.                                           549,   551,   681  S.E.2d




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828,                                                                         830   (2009)                                       (“The  trial  court’s  conclusions  of  law  are
                                                                                   reviewable de novo.”)  (citation omitted).
Turning  now  to  petitioners’  primary  argument  on  appeal,
petitioners  contend  that  the  trial  court  erred  in  concluding
that  a  valid  debt  existed  here,  given  this  Court’s  ruling  in  In
re  Bradburn.     According  to  petitioners,  as  a  result  of  In  re
Bradburn,  respondents  were  required  to  show  evidence  that  the
underlying  loan  transaction  was  not  accomplished  in  violation  of
any statute.    We reject petitioners’ argument.
In   In   re   Bradburn,   the   foreclosing   party,   Paragon,
initiated  a  foreclosure  proceeding  in  Iredell  County.     There,
the  clerk  determined  that  Paragon  was  not  licensed  to  act  as  a
mortgage  broker  or  mortgage  banker  at  the  time  the  Bradburns
executed  their  note  and  deed  of  trust.    Accordingly,  the  clerk
concluded  that  Paragon  had  failed  to  prove  the  existence  of  a
valid  debt  because  the  note  was  unenforceable.     Paragon  then
appealed  to  the  trial  court.     The  trial  court  conducted  a  de
novo  hearing  and  also  found  that  Paragon  was  unlicensed  and  in
direct  violation  of  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                                     §     53-243.03.     The  trial
court  then  concluded  that  due  to  this  violation,  the  note  and
deed  of  trust  were  illegal  and  unenforceable,  and  as  a  result,
Paragon  had  failed  to  prove  the  existence  of  a  valid  debt.




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Paragon  then  appealed  to  this  Court,  arguing  that  the  trial
court  erred  in  concluding  that  there  was  no  valid  debt.    We  held
that  a  contract  made  in  violation  of  a  statute  is  not  void  ab
initio,  but  rather,  may  be  voidable.     We  then  determined  that
“it  is  the  province  of  the  trial  court,  not  the  appellate  court,
to  weigh  the  evidence  and  decide  the  equities.     Therefore,  we
remand  to  the  trial  court  to  determine  whether  the  Note  and  Deed
of  Trust  are  unenforceable  under  the  facts  and  circumstances  of
this  case.”    In re  Bradburn,  199 N.C.  App.  at  556,  681  S.E.2d  at
833.
First,  we  conclude  that  the  facts  of  the  case  sub  judice
are  distinguishable  from  In  re  Bradburn.     Here,  petitioners
argue  that  Davis  and  Frechette  engaged  in  the  unauthorized
practice  of  law,  which  renders  the  debt  in  question  invalid.
However,  unlike  the  Bradburns,  petitioners  have  not  directed  our
                                                                               attention  to  any  specific  statutory  violation.                     Petitioners
appear  to  reference  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                                                                                                    §   84-4   (2011),  which
prohibits                                                                      “any  person  or  association  of  persons  except  active
members  of  the  Bar,  for  or  without  a  fee  or  consideration,  to
give  legal  advice  or  counsel,  perform  for  or  furnish  to  another
legal   services[.]”                                                           However,   petitioners   have   provided   no
factual  basis  for  their  argument,  and  the  record  is  devoid  of




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any  specifics  regarding  the  actions  of  Davis  and  Frechette  which
would  amount  to  a  violation  of  this  statute.     In  short,  we
conclude  that  petitioners  have  merely  argued  conclusions  without
stating  any  specific  factual  allegations.    As  such,  petitioners’
argument  must  fail.     We  also  note  that  on  remand  from  this
Court,  the  trial  court  in  In  re  Bradburn  nonetheless  found  the
debt  to  be  valid,  despite  the  indisputable  statutory  violation.
Thus,   assuming   arguendo   that   such   a   violation   had   been
sufficiently   alleged   and   proved   here,   the   case   cited   by
petitioners  is  not  an  absolute  bar  to  the  validity  of  the  debt
in question.
Further,  we  also  reject  petitioners’  contention  that  our
ruling  in  In  re  Bradburn  somehow  created  a  requirement  of
foreclosing  parties  to                                                     “show  evidence  that  the  underlying  loan
transactions  were  not  accomplished  in  violation  of  any  statute
if  the  purported  debtor  tendors  evidence  suggesting  otherwise.”
We  can  find  no  support  for  petitioner’s  contention  in  our  ruling
in In re Bradburn.
In  In  re  Bradburn,  we  simply  held  that  the  trial  court
erred   in   concluding   that   the   statutory   violation   at   issue
rendered  the  debt  void  ab  initio.     We  remanded  to  the  trial
court,   in   short,   with   instructions   to   weight   the   evidence




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presented  during  the  de  novo  hearing  and  to  determine  if  the
debt  was  valid                                                               “under  the  facts  and  circumstances  of  th[e]
case.”    In  re Bradburn,  199  N.C. App.  at  556,  681  S.E.2d  at  833.
Nowhere   in   that   opinion   did   we   mandate   that   Paragon,   the
foreclosing  party,  was  required  to  present  evidence  to  show  that
the statute in question was not violated.
Further,  we  note  that  foreclosure  under  a  power  of  sale  is
strictly   governed   by   statute.                                            According   to   our   General
Statutes,  so  long  as  the  clerk  finds  the  existence  of                 1)  valid
debt,                                                                          2)  default,                                               3)  right  to  foreclose  under  the  instrument,
and  4)  proper  notice,  then  the  sale  may  be  authorized.    See  N.C.
Gen.  Stat.  §  45-21.16  (2011).    To  require  otherwise  would  place
a  great  burden  on  our  many  clerks’  offices.    In  accordance  with
this  principle,  this  Court  has  held  that  because  the  foreclosure
by  power  of  sale  statute                                                   “is  designed  to  provide  a  less  timely
and  expensive  procedure  than  foreclosure  by  action,  it  does  not
resolve   all   matters   in   controversy   between   mortgagor   and
mortgagee.                                                                     If   respondents   feel   that   they   have   equitable
defenses  to  the  foreclosure,  they  should  be  asserted  in  an
action  to  enjoin  the  foreclosure  sale  under  G.S.  45-21.34.”    In
re  Helms,                                                                     55  N.C.  App.                                             68,                                                 72,   284  S.E.2d   553,   555   (1981).
Thus, again, petitioners’ argument fails.




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III. Conclusion
In sum, we reject petitioners’ arguments and conclude that
the trial court did not err.
Affirmed.
Judges McGEE and HUNTER, Robert C. concur.





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