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Supreme Court
No. 99-204-C.A.
(K2/97-204A)
State                                                                                                            :
v.                                                                                                               :
Stephen M. Mulcahey.                                                                                             :
Present:  Weisberger, C.J., Lederberg, Bourcier, Flanders, and Goldberg, JJ.
O P I N I O N
PER CURIAM.   The defendant, Stephen M. Mulcahey (defendant or Mulcahey), appeals
from a conviction of third-degree sexual assault in violation of G.L. 1956 §   11-37-6.   The Superior
Court convicted Mulcahey of engaging in consensual sexual intercourse with his fifteen-year-old
girlfriend when she was just a month or so shy of her sixteenth birthday.   He received a five-year
suspended sentence with probation.
The sole issue on appeal involves whether the trial justice erred when he denied Mulcahey’s in
limine motion to exclude the prosecution’s evidence that his girlfriend had engaged in an uncharged act
of oral sex with him a few months before the charged misconduct occurred and that Mulcahey had
bragged about it to one of his friends.
The central issue at trial was the date Mulcahey and his girlfriend engaged in sexual intercourse
relative to her sixteenth birthday.   The girlfriend testified that in May 1996, when she was fifteen years
old, her family — particularly her father — had befriended defendant, and that he very quickly became
a close friend of the family.   Mulcahey was twenty-three years old at the time and lived nearby.   He
started participating in various activities with his girlfriend’s family, including cookouts and fishing trips
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with the girlfriend and her father.   The defendant’s girlfriend lived in a household that included not only
her father, but also her father’s girlfriend and the daughter of her father’s girlfriend.
According to defendant’s girlfriend, by the summer of 1996, she and defendant had become
“very, very, very close.”  She admitted that their sexual relationship was consensual.   Often she would
sneak out of her house or skip school to be with defendant at his apartment.   In September 1996, she
testified, they engaged in oral sex, and, by November 1996, they had engaged in sexual intercourse.
Both events occurred at defendant’s apartment.   The girlfriend whose sixteenth birthday occurred on
December 12, 1996 remembered that they had engaged in intercourse before that day because on her
birthday, defendant gave her a silver ring but told her that he was seeing someone else.
The defendant testified and admitted that his girlfriend had engaged in oral sex with him in
September 1996, but he asserted that he had never bragged to any of his friends about it.   The
defendant admitted to having had sexual intercourse with his girlfriend, but he said it happened a week
or two after her sixteenth birthday.    Jeffrey Flynn, a friend of defendant, testified that he was at
defendant’s apartment one day in September 1996 when defendant bragged to him about just having
received oral sex from his girlfriend, who had been present in defendant’s apartment.   Another witness
also testified that she was friendly with defendant in the fall of 1996 and that defendant had admitted to
her that he had sexual relations with his girlfriend in late November or early December, before the
girlfriend’s sixteenth birthday.
On appeal, defendant raises a single issue:   whether the trial justice erred by failing to grant his
motion in limine to exclude Flynn’s testimony that defendant had bragged to him about having received
oral sex from his girlfriend.  The defendant suggests that this evidence was highly prejudicial and had no
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bearing on the timing of the couple’s admitted sexual intercourse.  Indeed, the defendant argues that the
evidence was not “reasonably necessary” to prove the crucial element in this case.
In denying defendant’s motion in limine, the trial justice reasoned that this evidence — indicating
that several months before the girlfriend’s sixteenth birthday defendant had bragged about engaging in
oral sex with her — was highly probative of whether, after this incident, but before she turned sixteen
years of age, they also had engaged in sexual intercourse.
Admission of uncharged sexual misconduct evidence under Rule 404(b) of the Rhode Island
Rules of Evidence is a decision left to the exercise of the trial court’s sound discretion.   See State v.
Hopkins, 698 A.2d 183, 186 (R.I. 1997).  In State v. Cardoza, 465 A.2d 200, 203 (R.I. 1983), we
applied the “lewd[-]disposition” rule of State v. Jalette, 119 R.I. 614, 382 A.2d 526 (1978), to allow
evidence to be admitted during the accused’s trial concerning uncharged sexual acts committed by the
accused against the victim.   See also State v. Gomes, 690 A.2d 310, 316 (R.I. 1997).   In this case,
Flynn’s testimony concerning an act of oral sex between the victim and the accused that took place a
few months before the girlfriend turned sixteen was probative because it demonstrated defendant’s lack
of regard for his girlfriend’s underage status when he engaged in sexual activity with her.   Also, it
showed defendant’s lewd disposition towards his girlfriend when she was under the age of consent and
how he had allowed their relationship to accelerate to a higher level of sexual intimacy, notwithstanding
the girlfriend’s tender age.  In State v. Parkhurst, 706 A.2d 412, 424 (R.I. 1998), this Court noted that
“[t]he mere fact that such evidence is prejudicial to a defendant does not render it inadmissible.”
We are also convinced that this evidence was “reasonably necessary” to the prosecution’s case.
As the Jalette court was careful to note, uncharged “bad acts” evidence poses a substantial risk to an
accused’s right to a fair trial.   Hence, such evidence “should be sparingly used by the prosecution and
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only when reasonably necessary.* * *   The trial court should exclude such evidence if it believes it is
purely cumulative and not essential to the prosecution’s case.”   Jalette, 119 R.I. at 627, 382 A.2d at
533.   Here, Flynn’s testimony was highly probative of the only disputed issue in the case, namely,
whether the charged conduct did in fact occur before the girlfriend’s sixteenth birthday.
Finally, it is also important to note that the defense concedes that the trial justice “gave an
appropriate limiting instruction on the jury’s proper use of other misconduct evidence.”   Cf. id. at
627-28, 382 A.2d at 533-34                                                                                  (“Assuming that evidence of other crimes will be admitted, attention
should be paid to the manner in which this evidence is presented to the jury.”).   To the extent that
defendant’s argument rests upon the proposition that Jalette’s “lewd[-]disposition” rule should not apply
to a case in which, as here, the defendant’s intent was not at issue, we reject such a cramped reading of
the rule.   See Rule 404(b) (“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the
character of a person in order to show that the person acted in conformity therewith.  It may, however,
be admissible for other purposes * * *.”).                                                                  (Emphasis added.)  Since Jalette, this Court has upheld the
admission of uncharged acts of sexual misconduct against the victim to establish the perpetrator’s “lewd
disposition” toward that victim under circumstances that are relevant to proving the charged act of
sexual misconduct.   Here, the uncharged act of oral sex was relevant in proving defendant’s “lewd
disposition” toward the girlfriend before her sixteenth birthday.   See Hopkins, 698 A.2d at 186-87;
State v. Quattrocchi, 681 A.2d 879, 884-87 (R.I. 1996); Cardoza, 465 A.2d at 202-03.
For these reasons, we hold that the trial justice did not err in allowing testimony regarding an
uncharged act of oral sexual contact between the defendant and his girlfriend to be admitted into
evidence.  We therefore deny the defendant’s appeal and affirm his conviction.
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COVER SHEET
TITLE OF CASE:      State v. Stephen M. Mulcahey
DOCKET NO.:         99-204 - A
COURT:              Supreme Court
                    DATE OPINION FILED:     December 18, 2000
Appeal from                                                     County:
SOURCE OF APPEAL:   Superior                                    Kent
JUDGE FROM OTHER
COURT:              Krause, J.
JUSTICES:           Weisberger, C.J., Lederberg, Bourcier,
                    Flanders, Goldberg, JJ.                     Concurring
WRITTEN BY:         PER CURIAM
ATTORNEYS:          Annie Goldberg, Aaron L. Weisman
For Plaintiff
ATTORNEYS:          Catherine A. Gibran, Paula Rosin
For Defendant

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Rhode Island Law