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Federated Financial Corporation of America v Jenkins
State: South Carolina
Court: Court of Appeals
Docket No: 11-654
Case Date: 01/17/2012
Plaintiff: Federated Financial Corporation of America
Defendant: Jenkins
Preview:An  unpublished  opinion  of  the  North  Carolina  Court  of  Appeals  does  not  constitute
controlling legal  authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance
with the provisions of Rule  30(e)(3) of the  North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
NO. COA11-654
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed:  17 January  2012
FEDERATED FINANCIAL CORPORATION OF
AMERICA,
Plaintiff
v.                                                                                              Wake County
No.  09 CVS  002084
MATT JENKINS, individually and
d/b/a SHEPARD SERVICE COMPANY,
Defendant.
Appeal  by  defendant  from  order  entered  25  February  2011  by
Judge  Donald  W.  Stephens  in  Wake  County  Superior  Court.  Heard  in
the Court of Appeals  9 November  2011.
Law   Offices   of   Gregory   P.   Chocklett,   by   Gregory   P.
Chocklett, for plaintiff-appellee.
LeLiever  Law,  P.A.,  by  W.  Andrew  LeLiever  for  defendant-
appellant.
STEELMAN, Judge.
Since  defendant  failed  to  execute  an  undertaking  pursuant
to  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.  §                                                                        1-289,  his  prior  appeal  to  this  Court  did
not  divest  the  trial  court  of  jurisdiction  in  this  matter.
Defendant  has  failed  to  demonstrate  that  the  trial  court  abused




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its  discretion  in  ordering  him  to  produce  certain  documents
incident to supplemental proceedings.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
On                                                                            4  February                                                    2009,  Federated  Financial  Corporation  of
America                                                                       (“Federated  Financial”)  filed  this  action  against  Matt
Jenkins                                                                       (“defendant”)  seeking  to  recover  monies  alleged  to  be
owed  under  a  credit  card  agreement.  This  case  was  the  subject  of
a  previous  appeal  where  this  Court  affirmed  the  trial  court‖s
denial  of  defendant‖s  motion  to  set  aside  a  default  judgment
entered  against  him.  See  Federated  Fin.  Corp.  of  Am.  v.  Jenkins,
No.  COA10-1349,                                                              __  N.C.  App.                                                 __,                                            __  S.E.2d    __     (Sept.   6,                        2011).
The  parties  indicate  that  Federated  Financial  obtained  a  writ  of
execution  against  defendant  and  that  the  writ  was  returned
unsatisfied.1  Federated  Financial  subsequently  obtained  an  order
from  the  clerk  of  court,  pursuant  to  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                 §                                                              1-352.2
1  Counsel  for  Federated  Financial  refers  us  to  an  attachment  to
his  brief  purportedly  containing  the  writ  of  execution.  Unless
we  take  judicial  notice  of  information,  our  review  is  limited  to
the  record  on  appeal.  We  remind  counsel  that  attachments  to
briefs   are   not   part   of   the   record.   N.   Carolina   Concrete
Finishers,  Inc.  v.  N.  Carolina  Farm  Bureau  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,            202
N.C.  App.                                                                    334,                                                           338,                                           688  S.E.2d   534,   536      (2010).  We  also  note
that  the  record  does  not  contain  documents  that  would  have  aided
this  Court  in  evaluating  defendant‖s  appeal,  including  Federated
Financial‖s  original  discovery  motion.  Counsel  for  defendant  is
admonished  to  exercise  greater  care  in  the  preparation  of  the
record on appeal.




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(2009),  requiring  defendant  to  produce  certain  documents  related
to his assets.
Rather  than  comply  with  this  order,  defendant  filed  a
“response”  to  the  order  in  which  he  objected  to  the  production
of  certain  documents  and  stated  as  to  others  that  the  documents
did  not  exist.  Federated  Financial  filed  a  motion  for  issuance
of  a  show  cause  order.  The  record  is  devoid  of  a  show  cause
order  being  issued  by  the  court  pursuant  to  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.          §
5A-23(a)                                                                       (2009),  so  we  assume  that  this  matter  proceeded  under
N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                                                              §                                                               5A-23(a1)   (2009).  Following  a  hearing  upon
Federated  Financial‖s  motion,  the  trial  court  ordered  defendant
to  produce  most  of  the  items  set  forth  in  the  clerk‖s  order.  The
order  of  the  trial  court  further  stated  that  defendant  would  be
subject to civil contempt if he failed to comply with its terms.
Defendant appeals.
II. Contempt
Defendant  argues  that  the  trial  court  erred  in  conducting  a
hearing  in  this  matter  while  his  first  appeal  was  pending  in  the
Court  of  Appeals.  As  a  general  rule,                                     “―appeal  stays  contempt
proceedings  until  the  validity  of  the  judgment  is  determined.‖”
In  re  Will  of Jacobs,  91  N.C.  App.  138,  146,  370 S.E.2d  860,  866
(1988)  (quoting  Joyner  v.  Joyner,  256  N.C.  588,  591,  124  S.E.2d




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724,                                                                          727                            (1962)).  However,  the  judgment  appealed  from  in  the
                                                                                                             instant  case  was  a  money  judgment.  The  subsequent  proceedings
                                                                                                             before  the  clerk  and  the  Superior  Court  were  to  execute  upon  the
judgment                                                                      (Chapter                       1,  Article                                                                   28,  Subchapter  X  of  the  North
                                                                                                             Carolina  General  Statutes)  and  supplemental  proceedings  (Chapter
                                                                              1,   Subchapter  X,  Article                                                                                 33   of  the  North  Carolina  General
                                                                              Statutes).
N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                                                             §                              1-289(a)                                                                      (2009)  provides  that  where  a
judgment  directs  the  payment  of  money,  an  appeal  from  that
judgment  does  not  stay  execution  unless  the  defendant  executes  a
written   undertaking   that   is   also   executed   by   one   or   more
sureties.  The  condition  of  this  undertaking  is  that                    “if  the
judgment  appealed  from,  or  any  part  thereof,  is  affirmed,  or  the
appeal  is  dismissed,  the  appellant  will  pay  the  amount  directed
to  be  paid  by  the  judgment,  or  the  part  of  such  amount  as  to
which  the  judgment  shall  be  affirmed.”  Id.;  see  also  Cox  v.  Cox,
133  N.C.  App.                                                               221,                           233,                                                                          515  S.E.2d                              61,   69   (1999)   (upholding  a
contempt  order  for  not  paying  an  award  of  attorney‖s  fees  when
there was no undertaking pursuant to N.C. Gen Stat.  §  1-289).
There  is  no  evidence  of  such  an  undertaking  in  this  case  or
COA10-1349.  Defendant‖s  appeal  in  COA10-1349  did  not  stay  the
judgment,  the  execution,  the  supplemental  proceedings,  or  the




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hearing  conducted  incident  thereto.  This  argument  is  without
merit.
III. Defendant‖s Objections to the Scope of the Discovery Order
Defendant  makes  several  arguments  as  to  how  the  trial  court
erred  in  ordering  him  to  produce  documents  related  to  his
assets. We are not persuaded.
A. Standard of Review
We  review  discovery  orders  issued  pursuant  to  Rules  of
Civil  Procedure                                                               26  through                                           37  for  abuse  of  discretion.  See
Fulmore  v.  Howell,  189  N.C.  App.  93,  95-96,  657  S.E.2d  437,  439-
40  (2008).  The  discovery  tools  provided  by  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.  §  1-
352.2  are  analogous  to  those  contained  in  the  Rules  of  Civil
Procedure.  Therefore,  we  hold  that  discovery  rulings  under  N.C.
Gen.  Stat.                                                                    §                                                     1-352.2  are  reviewed  for  abuse  of  discretion.  A
trial  court  abuses  its  discretion  when  its  ruling  is  “manifestly
unsupported  by  reason”  or  cannot  be  the  result  of  a  reasoned
decision.  Id.  at  96,  657  S.E.2d  at  440  (quoting  Nationwide  Mut.
Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Bourlon,  172  N.C.  App.  595,  601,  617  S.E.2d  40,
44  (2005))  (internal quotation marks omitted).
B. Analysis
Defendant  contends  that  the  trial  court  erred  in  ordering
him  to  produce                                                               “[a]ll  personal  and  corporate  bank  statements”




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from                                                                         2006  through                                     2009.  He  asserts  that  this  portion  of  the
order  refers  to  corporate  documents  of  the  Shepard  Service
Company,  a  corporation  purportedly  organized  in  California——not
the   unincorporated   Shepard   Service   Company   named   in   the
complaint.  Because  this  corporation  is  not  a  party,  defendant
argues,  he  cannot  be  compelled  to  produce  corporate  records.
Under  N.C.  Gen.  Stat.                                                                                                       §                                                  1-352.2(1),  a  judgment  debtor   (or  his
                                                                             agent)  may  be  required  to  produce                                                               “property”  or                     “evidence  of
property”  in  his                                                           “possession  and  custody  or  subject  to  his
control.”  Defendant  maintains  he  does  not  possess  the  relevant
documents.  He  must  demonstrate  to  the  trial  court,  not  this
Court,  that  the  relevant  documents  are  not  in  his  possession  and
custody  or  subject  to  his  control.  He  has  failed  to  do  so;
therefore, this argument is without merit.
Next,  defendant  contends  that  the  trial  court  erred  in
requiring  him  to  produce  privileged  documents.  However,  the
trial  court‖s  order  explicitly  stated  that  with  respect  to  any
documents  that  were  sealed  or  privileged,  defendant  shall  submit
them,  under  seal,  to  the  trial  court  for  an  in  camera  review.
Instead  of  complying  with  this  provision,  defendant  chose  to
appeal  the  order  of  the  trial  court.  We  cannot  address  the
substance   of   defendant‖s   privilege   argument   because   he   has




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failed  to  present  the  documents  to  the  trial  court  for  an  in
camera  review.  None  of  the  questioned  documents  are  contained  in
the  record  for  our  review.  We  refuse  to  allow  defendant  to  make
a  broadside  privilege  argument  on  appeal  that  rests  solely  upon
his own questionable assertions.
Defendant   next   argues   that   the   trial   court   erred   in
requiring  him  to  produce  documents  that  do  not  exist.  The
existence  of  these  documents  is  a  factual  question  for  the  trial
court.  To  support  his  assertion  that  these  documents  do  not
exist,  defendant  cites  only  to  his  lawyer‖s  unverified  response
to  the  clerk‖s  order.  The  trial  court  was  not  persuaded  by  this
document, and we discern no abuse of discretion.
Defendant  next  argues  that  his  tax  returns  and  copies  of
settlement  agreements  between  defendant  and  entities  that  are
not  a  party  to  this  case  cannot  be  discovered  under  N.C.  Gen.
Stat.                                                                        §                                  1-352.2  because  they  are  not  solely  his  property  or
evidence only of his property.2 N.C. Gen. Stat.  §  1-352.2 employs
2  Defendant‖s  argument  is  that  the  Sixth  Edition  of  Black’s  Law
Dictionary  defines  property  as                                            “that  which  is  particular  or
proper  to  any  person;  that  which  belongs  exclusively  to  one.”
Def.‖s  Br.                                                                  13                                 (quoting  Black’s  Law  Dictionary                            845   (6th  ed.
1999))  (internal  quotation  marks  omitted).  We  are  not  persuaded.
Joint  ownership  of  property  is  a  long-established  legal  concept.
See,   e.g.,   Harrison   v.   Burgess,                                      8   N.C.                           384,                                                          392   (1821)
(referring  to  “joint  property”).  Defendant  should  note  that  the
9th  and  most  recent  edition  of  Black’s  Law  Dictionary  does  not




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broad  language  and  does  not  limit  the  term  property  to  mean
property  that  is  owned  exclusively  by  the  debtor.  Defendant‖s
argument   borders   on   frivolity   and   does   not   merit   further
discussion.
Finally,  defendant  argues  that  the  trial  court  erred  in
ordering  him  to  produce  confidential  settlements  from  other
lawsuits  to  which  he  was  a  party.  Defendant  could  have  submitted
these  documents,  under  seal,  to  the  trial  court  for  an  in  camera
review  to  determine  whether  they  were  discoverable  by  Federated
Financial,  but  he  declined  to  do  so.  Defendant  does  not  cite  any
authority  that  states  that  confidential  settlements  are  never
discoverable,  nor  does  he  explain  why  any  of  these  particular
settlements  are  not  discoverable.  See  N.C.  R.  App.  P.                 28(b)(6)
(stating  that  briefs  “shall  contain  citations  of  the  authorities
upon  which  the  appellant  relies”).  This  argument  is  without
merit.
AFFIRMED.
Judges GEER and BEASLEY concur.
Report per Rule  30(e).
contain  the  exclusivity  language  cited  by  defendant,  but  rather
defines                                                                       “property”  in  broader  terms  as   “[a]ny  external  thing
over  which  the  rights  of  possession,  use,  and  enjoyment  are
exercised.” Black’s Law Dictionary  1335-36  (9th ed.  2009).





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