THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA

In The Supreme Court

The State, Respondent,

v.

Constance Alls, Appellant.

Appeal From Charleston County

Larry R. Patterson, Judge

Opinion No.24788

Heard April 7, 1998 - Filed May 18, 1998

REVERSED

Deputy Chief Attorney Joseph L. Savitz, 111, and

Assistant Appellate Defender Aileen P. Clare, both of

South Carolina Office of Appellate Defense, of

Columbia, for appellant.

Attorney General Charles M. Condon, Deputy

Attorney General John W. McIntosh, Assistant

Deputy Attorney General Salley W. Elliott, and

Senior Assistant Attorney General Charles H.

Richardson, all of Columbia; and Solicitor David P.

Schwacke, of Charleston, all for respondent.

TOAL, A.J.: Constance Alls appeals her conviction under S.C. Code

Ann. § 16-5-50 (1985), arguing that the trial court erred in denying her

motion for a directed verdict on the inapplicability of this statute. We agreeand reverse.

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FACTUAL/PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Two officers came to Alls's home to serve a family court bench warrant

on her boyfriend for failure to pay child support. They knocked on her

apartment door for some 10 minutes until Alls finally came to the door. She

told them that her boyfriend was not there, but allowed them to look in the

apartment. The officers found the boyfriend concealing himself in a closet.

Alls claimed she did not know he was in the apartment.

The officers arrested Alls and her boyfriend. She was indicted under

S.C. Code Ann. § 16-5-50. She was tried, and a jury found her guilty. Alls

was sentenced to one year imprisonment and fined $1,000, suspended upon

the service of three months and payment of the fine, with probation for one

year. She appeals her conviction.

LAW/ANALYSIS

Alls argues the trial court erred in denying her motion for a directed

verdict because section 16-5-50 applies only to persons hindering the arrest

of an individual charged with an offense against civil rights. We agree.

The State indicted Alls under subsections (a) and (d) of S.C. Code Ann.

§ 16-5-50. The entire title, chapter, and section headings, as well as the text,

provide:

TITLE 16

CRIMES AND OFFENSES

CHAPTER 5

Offenses Against Civil Rights

§ 16-5-50 Penalty for hindering officers or rescuing prisoners.

Any person who shall (a) hinder, prevent or obstruct any officer

or other person charged with the execution of any warrant or

other process issued under the provisions of this chapter in

arresting any person for whose apprehension such warrant or

other process may have been issued, (b) rescue or attempt to

rescue such person from the custody of the officer or person or

persons lawfully assisting him, as aforesaid, (c) aid, abet or assist

any person so arrested, as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to

escape from the custody of the officer or person or persons

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assisting him, as aforesaid, or (d) harbor or conceal any person

for whose arrest a warrant or other process shall have been

issued, so as to prevent his discovery and arrest, after notice or

knowledge of the fact of the issuing of such warrant or other

process, shall, on conviction for any such offense, be subject to a

fine of not less than fifty nor more than one thousand dollars or

imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than one

year, or both, at the discretion of the court having jurisdiction.

S.C. Code Ann. § 16-5-50. At the conclusion of the State's case, Alls moved

for a directed verdict, arguing that section 16-5-50 only applies to officers

executing warrants for offenses against civil rights. The court granted the

motion as to subsection (a) of the statute, but denied it as to subsection (d).

We agree with Alls that the trial court erred in failing to direct a

verdict as to subsection (d) of section 16-5-50. If subsection (d) were viewed

in isolation, it would literally appear to be applicable to the facts of this case.

However, a closer examination reveals that section 16-5-50 is part of a

broader statutory scheme concerning civil rights. Section 16-5-50 was

originally enacted in 1871. Except for minor changes, the provision in the

1871 act is the same as current section 16-5-50. The preamble 1 to the

original act evidences that section 16-5-50 was intended to apply to arrests

made in relation to offenses against civil rights:

Whereas threatenings, intimidation and violence are used in

portions of this State against the peace of the same; and whereas

the laws are set at defiance, and the officers of the law hindered,

prevented and obstructed in the discharge of their duties; and

whereas armed, disguised and lawless persons-are threatening,

maltreating and assassinating peaceable and defenceless citizens;

therefore .... [b]e it enacted ...

Acts & Joint Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South

Carolina 559 (1871); see also Warr v. Darlington County, 181 S.C. 254, 186

S.E. 920 (1936).

An examination of the other provisions of Title 16, Chapter 5 reinforces

(1936)(While it is true that the preamble is not a part of the effective portion

of the statute, nevertheless the preamble may supply the guide to the

meaning of the act.).

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the conclusion that section 16-5-50(d) relates to offenses against civil rights.

South Carolina Code Ann. § 16-5-10 (Supp. 1997) provides that it is "unlawful

for two or more persons to band or conspire together or go in disguise upon

the public highway or upon the premises of another with the intent to injure,

oppress, or violate the person or property of a citizen because of his political

opinion or his expression ......" South Carolina Code Ann. § 16-5-30 (1985)

addresses the duties and liabilities of officers "upon receipt of notice from any

person that he has knowledge of an intention or attempt to destroy his

property or to collect a mob for that purpose." South Carolina Code Ann. §

16-5-60 (1985) concerns suits against counties for damages resulting from

civil rights violations. South Carolina Code Ann. § 16-5-70 (1985) provides

for suits against counties for damages, where property was destroyed in

consequence of any mob or riot. South Carolina Code Ann. § 16-5-90 (1985)

preserves the property owner's right of action against the participants in any

mob or riot, which resulted in damage to property. South Carolina Code

Ann. §§ 16-5-120--130 (1985 & Supp. 1997) set out the penalties for engaging

in, or instigating, aiding, or participating in, riots.

In construing statutory language, the statute must be read as a whole,

and sections which are part of the same general statutory law must be

construed together and each one given effect, if it can be done by any

reasonable construction. Higgins v. State, 307 S.C. 446, 415 S.E.2d 799

(1992). When read as a whole, section 16-5-50 must be construed as part of

a broader civil rights statutory scheme, and not as an independent means of

prosecuting those who harbor or conceal persons to be arrested. We hold

that section 16-5-50(d) is applicable to those who harbor or conceal any

person for whose arrest a warrant or other process shall have been issued

under the provisions of Title 16, Chapter 5. Alls should probably have been

indicted under a different statute, such as S.C. Code Ann. § 16-9-320 (Supp.

1997).2

resist a law enforcement officer in serving, executing, or

attempting to serve or execute a legal writ or process or to resist

an arrest being made by one whom the person knows or

reasonably should know is a law enforcement officer, whether

under process or not. A person who violates the provisions of this

subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must

be fined not less than five hundred dollars nor more than one

thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

S.C. Code Ann. § 16-9-320(a).

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We are aware of previous cases wherein individuals have been convicted

under section 16-5-50 in actions other than those relating to civil rights. See,

e.g., State v. Etherage, 277 S.C. 523, 290 S.E.2d 413 (1982). It must be

recognized, however, that in none of these cases did the, defendants raise the

issue of the inapplicability of section 16-5-50, as Alls has in this appeal.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, we REVERSE Alls's conviction.

FINNEY, C.J., MOORE, WALLER and BURNETT, JJ., concur.

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