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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present:    Judges Annunziata, Clements and Kelsey
Argued at Salem, Virginia
HOSPICE CHOICE, INC. AND
                                                                                                   LEGION INSURANCE COMPANY
                                                                                                                              OPINION BY
v.                                                                                                 Record No. 0023-03-3       JUDGE ROSEMARIE ANNUNZIATA
                                                                                                                              MARCH 9, 2004
HAYES O’QUIN
FROM THE VIRGINIA’S WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Dawn E. Boyce (Trichilo, Bancroft, McGavin, Horvath & Judkins,
on brief), for appellants.
Paul L. Phipps (Lee & Phipps, on brief), for appellee.
Hospice Choice, Inc. (employer) appeals the Virginia Workers’ Compensation
Commission’s award of temporary total disability benefits to Hayes O’Quin.  Employer argues
that O’Quin’s claim for benefits was barred by the statute of limitations.  We find no error and
affirm.
I.  Background
O’Quin, a registered nurse employed by Hospice Choice, suffered an injury to his back
while lifting a deceased patient on May 7, 1999.  On September 18, 2000, he filed a timely claim
with the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission seeking compensation for medical
expenses, which were awarded on March 6, 2001.  O’Quin filed another claim, on May 4, 2001,
seeking compensation for wage losses (total temporary disability) incurred on April 30, 2001.
On May 17, 2001, the commission’s claims examiner sent a letter to O’Quin’s attorney advising
him that O’Quin’s claim was being placed on hold, because “the claimed disability [was] not
within the statutory waiting period pursuant to Section 65.2-509, Code of Virginia.”  The claims




examiner also stated that O’Quin’s claim would be “reactivated and processed” should his
disability “extend beyond the seven day waiting period.”  Through a series of claim amendments
filed after June 21, 2001, O’Quin asserted additional periods of disability exceeding seven days.
In sum, O’Quin sought wage loss benefits for the following periods:  May 10, 1999 through May
18, 1999; August 8, 2000 through August 13, 2000; April 30, 2001; July 2, 2001; and July 11,
2001 through July 16, 2001.
In a hearing held before the deputy commissioner on November 13, 2001, employer
argued that O’Quin’s claims were barred by the statute of limitations and Rule 1.2 of the Rules
of the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission.  By opinion dated January 3, 2002, the
deputy commissioner implicitly rejected the statute of limitations argument and awarded O’Quin
wage-loss benefits for all periods set forth in his claim except those occurring in 1999 and 2000.
The deputy commissioner reasoned that the 1999 and 2000 claims should have been litigated at
the prior hearing on O’Quin’s claim for medical benefits.  O’Quin appealed the deputy
commissioner’s decision, and the full commission awarded benefits for all the periods O’Quin
claimed.  It rejected the employer’s statute of limitations defense and found that the claims he
filed after June 21, 2001 related back to the initial filing date of May 4, 2001.  It further rejected
the employer’s contention that Rule 1.2 precluded the entry of an award, holding that O’Quin’s
application was an amendment of an original claim.1   This appeal followed.
On appeal, employer argues that the amendments filed by O’Quin subsequent to May 7,
2001, which alleged more than seven days of disability as required by Code § 65.2-509, were
barred by the statute of limitations because more than two years had passed since O’Quin’s
injury.  Employer contends that the commission erred in determining that O’Quin’s amendments
1 Employer does not contest the commission’s determination that Rule 1.2 does not bar
O’Quin’s claim for wage-loss benefits.
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related back to his May 4, 2001 claim, and were therefore not barred by the statute of limitations,
because the amendments constituted a new cause of action.  For the following reasons, we
disagree and affirm the decision of the commission.
II.  Analysis
Code § 65.2-601 states that “[t]he right to compensation under this title shall be forever
barred, unless a claim be filed with the Commission within two years after the accident.”  We
have held that “[t]his provision is jurisdictional, and failure to file within the prescribed time will
bar a claim.”  Mayberry v. Alcoa Bldg. Prods., 18 Va. App. 18, 20, 441 S.E.2d 349, 350 (1994).
A timely claim for disability benefits must allege at least eight days of disability because the
commission cannot award compensation for the first seven days of disability.   “No compensation
shall be allowed for the first seven calendar days of incapacity resulting from the injury.”  Code
§ 65.2-509.
Here, O’Quin filed his claim for disability benefits on May 4, 2001, three days before the
two-year statute of limitations expired.  However, he failed to state a claim for disability benefits
exceeding seven days in duration as required by Code § 65.2-509.  The May 4, 2001 application
claimed disability only for April 30, 2001.
Employer reasons that, because O’Quin’s May 4, 2001 claim sought benefits solely for a
period of one day, no award was allowable pursuant to Code § 65.2-509.  Since the statute of
limitations ran on May 7, 2002, employer argues that O’Quin’s subsequent amendments could
not cure the initial, defective pleading because they were time-barred.  The commission
disagreed and concluded that O’Quin’s subsequent amendments were proper and that they
related back to the timely claim he initially filed.  We agree with the commission and find that
employer’s contentions are without merit.
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Employer first contends that the amendments should not have been allowed because the
commission lacked jurisdiction over O’Quin’s claim due to his failure to allege more than seven
days of disability as required by Code § 65.2-509.  We disagree.
We have held that
[t]he intent and purpose of [the statute of limitations provision of]
Code § 65.2-601 is to require notice to the employer of its potential
liability for an injury sustained by an employee. . .                                                  . So long as the
claimant’s notice advises the commission of necessary elements of
this claim, “it activates the right of the employee to compensation
and . . . invokes the jurisdiction of the Industrial Commission.”
Metro Mach. Corp. v. Sowers, 33 Va. App. 197, 204, 532 S.E.2d 341, 345 (2000) (quoting
Trammel Crow Co. v. Redmond, 12 Va. App. 610, 614, 405 S.E.2d 632, 634 (1991)).
Here, we find that O’Quin’s claim filed on May 4, 2001 invoked the jurisdiction of the
commission because it alleged all essential elements of a workers’ compensation claim, namely,
a disability arising out of and in the course of employment.  In reaching this conclusion, we are
guided by the general principle that the Workers’ Compensation Act is to be construed liberally
in favor of the employee.  Creative Dimensions Group v. Hill, 16 Va. App. 439, 442, 430 S.E.2d
718, 720 (1993).  We are also persuaded by the logic of the Supreme Court’s reasoning in
Binswanger Glass Co. v. Wallace, 214 Va. 70, 73-74, 197 S.E.2d 191, 193-94 (1973), where it
held that the time limitation found in Code § 65.1-87 (now Code § 65.2-601) was jurisdictional
but that the limitations found in Code § 65.1-99 (now Code § 65.2-708), governing an
application based on a change in condition, were not.  The code section governing a
change-in-condition application was not jurisdictional, the Supreme Court reasoned, because
“‘[i]ts object is purely remedial.’”  Id. at 73, 197 S.E.2d at 194 (quoting Allen v. Mottley Constr.
Co., 160 Va. 875, 886, 170 S.E. 412, 416 (1933)).  Likewise, we find that the object of Code
§ 65.2-509 is remedial, rather than jurisdictional, because it deals with the amount of
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compensation payable to the claimant.  We also note that nothing in the statute indicates that the
failure to allege more than seven days of disability constitutes a jurisdictional defect.
Accordingly, construing Code § 65.2-509 liberally in favor of O’Quin, we find that the
commission obtained jurisdiction over the case by virtue of the claim filed by O’Quin on May 4,
2001.
The employer alternatively relies on the rule that “[a]mendments will not be allowed . . .
when they raise a new substantive cause of action which is different from that which the plaintiff
asserted when he or she first filed the action.”  Vines v. Branch, 244 Va. 185, 188, 418 S.E.2d
890, 892 (1992).   Employer submits that O’Quin’s amendments to his May 4, 2001 claim
constitute new causes of action that are barred by the statute of limitations.  We disagree with
employer’s conclusion.
The Virginia Supreme Court addressed an analogous issue in Jackson v. City of
Richmond, 152 Va. 74, 146 S.E. 303 (1929).  In that case, an action was filed against the City of
Richmond alleging injuries to a pedestrian from a defective sidewalk.  Id. at 78, 146 S.E. at 304.
The original pleading neglected to allege, however, that a notice of injury had been filed with the
City, as required by law.  Id.  The plaintiff filed an amendment to allege the required fact.  Id.
The trial court sustained the City’s demurrer on the ground that the amendment constituted a new
cause of action filed after the expiration of the statute of limitations.  Id. at 86-87, 146 S.E. at
307.  The Supreme Court held that an amendment to correct an “imperfect statement of the
primary cause of action” from which an essential element had been omitted, filed after the statute
of limitations had expired, does not make out a new cause of action.  Id. at 96, 146 S.E. at 309.
It, therefore, held that the trial court erred in not allowing the suit to proceed.  Id. at 99, 146 S.E.
at 311; see also Carter v. Williams, 246 Va. 53, 57, 431 S.E.2d 297, 299 (1993) (noting that
“[w]hen the plaintiff in the amended bill attempts to assert rights and to enforce claims ‘arising
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out of the same transaction [or] act,’ however great the difference in the form of liability as
contained in the amended bill from that as stated in the original bill, the amendment will not be
viewed as stating a new cause of action” (quoting New River Min. Co. v. Painter, 100 Va. 507,
510, 42 S.E. 300, 301 (1902))).
Although the holding in Jackson was determined in the context of a civil law case
involving a suit against a municipality, we see no reason to preclude its application here.
O’Quin’s amendments did not materially change the substance of his claim; no new cause of
action was alleged.  The amendments filed after June 21, 2001 claimed that he was entitled to
wage-loss benefits, just as the May 4, 2001 claim alleged.  He simply used the amendments to
correct his “imperfect statement of the primary cause of action” by adding additional days of
disability as required by Code § 65.2-509.  See Jackson, 152 Va. at 97, 146 S.E. at 310; see also
Martin P. Burks, et al., Common Law and Statutory Pleading and Practice § 235, at 412-13 (4th
ed. 1952) (“If the amendment sets up no new cause of action or claim, and makes no new
demands, but simply varies and expands the original cause of action, the amendment relates back
to the commencement of the action and stops the running of the statute as of that date.”)
Moreover, we note that O’Quin’s amended filings were based on the same transaction or
occurrence as the May 4, 2001 filing, namely O’Quin’s workplace injury on May 7, 1999.  See
Carter, 246 Va. at 57, 431 S.E.2d at 299.  Accordingly, we find that, although they affected the
employer’s liability, the amendments O’Quin filed did not create a new cause of action and the
commission did not err in finding that they “related back” to the timely May 4, 2001 claim.
In affirming the commission’s decision, we note that our holding is consistent with
principles relevant to pleading requirements in administrative proceedings.  As this Court stated
in Sergio’s Pizza v. Soncini, 1 Va. App. 370, 376, 339 S.E.2d 204, 207 (1986), “[p]leading
requirements in administrative proceedings before the [workers’ compensation] commission are
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traditionally more informal than judicial proceedings.”  Provided the substantial rights of the
parties are protected, “rigid or technical rules of pleading. . . shall not apply.”  Id.; see also
DuPont v. Snead, 128 Va. 177, 187, 97 S.E. 812, 814 (1919) (stating that “[a]mendments are [to
be] freely allowed and are to be favored when they promote the ends of justice”).
Here, the commission determined that the employer’s rights were substantially protected.
The commission found that O’Quin’s amended filings “sought wage-loss benefits already
accrued” and were “not anticipatory.”  It stated that “the employer did not allege surprise or lack
of notice to the additional periods being considered.”  See DuPont, 128 Va. at 186, 97 S.E. at 814
(noting that “defendant does not claim that it was taken by surprise by the amendment” and
finding no harm in allowing an amendment).   “To the contrary,” the commission explained, “the
evidence showed that for the period in May 1999 the employer voluntarily paid compensation to
the claimant.”  Support for the commission’s determination can be found in unchallenged
testimony from O’Quin at the November 13, 2001 hearing, in which he stated that the employer
paid him for the periods claimed in 1999.  The record also reveals that, at the same hearing,
employer conceded the compensability of all the periods of disability claimed if the commission
found that the periods were “causally related” to the accident and were not barred by the statute
of limitations.  Employer does not contest these facts on appeal, nor does it contest the
commission’s findings noted above.  We therefore find that credible evidence supports the
commission’s finding that employer’s rights were substantially protected, and we will not disturb
that finding on appeal.  See Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Harris, 35 Va. App. 162, 167-68,
543 S.E.2d 619, 621 (2001).
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III.  Conclusion
We therefore hold that O’Quin’s May 4, 2001 claim invoked the jurisdiction of the
commission and that the subsequent amendments to his claim were properly allowed.  For those
reasons, we affirm the decision of the commission.
Affirmed.
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