59 Wn.2d 479, TENCO, INC., Respondent, v. JULIA D. MANNING, Appellant
[No. 35747. Department One. Supreme Court January 25, 1962.]
TENCO, INC., Respondent, v. JULIA D. MANNING, Appellant.*
[1] APPEAL AND ERROR - REVIEW - FINDINGS. Where the record contains substantial credible evidence to support a trial court's findings of fact, they will not be disturbed on appeal.
[2] REFORMATION OF INSTRUMENTS - GROUNDS - MUTUAL MISTAKE - WHAT CONSTITUTES - INTENTION OF PARTIES. A property description appearing in an earnest-money agreement which erroneously included other property in addition to that owned by the vendor, was the result of a mutual mistake of the parties, where it was clearly disclosed by the record that both parties had intended the agreement to include all of, but no more than, certain specifically numbered lots owned by the vendor, since if the intention of the parties is identical at the time of a transaction and the written agreement does not express that intention, a mutual mistake has occurred.
[3] APPEAL AND ERROR - DISPOSITION OF CAUSE - AFFIRMANCE - GROUNDS. Even though the judgment of a trial court is based upon a theory which an appellate court may deem inappropriate, the judgment will be affirmed if it can be sustained on any ground.
[4] FRAUDS, STATUTE OF - SUFFICIENCY OF WRITING - CONTRACT FOR CONVEYANCE OF LAND - DESCRIPTION OF LAND. In order to comply with the statute of frauds, a contract or deed for the conveyance of land must contain a description of the land sufficiently definite to locate it without recourse to extrinsic evidence, or else reference must be made to another instrument which does contain a sufficient description.
[5] SAME - REFORMATION OF INSTRUMENTS - OPERATION AND EFFECT -SUFFICIENCY OF WRITING TEST - AFTER REFORMATION. Where it is established that a defective property description contained in a contract or deed for the conveyance of land is the result of a mutual mistake, the document may be reformed to reflect fairly the intention of the parties prior to determining whether the description properly conforms to the requirements of the statute of frauds.
[6] SAME - REFORMATION OF INSTRUMENTS - SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE - CONTRACTS ENFORCIBLE - REFORMED AGREEMENT. An earnest-money agreement was capable of specific performance notwithstanding that the property description actually described property in addition to that which the parties intended to buy and sell, where it was established that the defect in the description was the product of a mutual mistake of the parties, and when reformed to reflect the intentions of the parties, the agreement contained a valid legal property description which complied with the requirements of the statute of frauds.
* Reported in 368 P. (2d) 372.
[5] See Ann. 86 A. L. R. 450; Am. Jur., Reformation of Instruments 16-19.
480 TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. [59 Wn. (2d)
Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court for King County, No. 541289, Henry Clay Agnew, J., entered June 17, 1960. Affirmed.
Action for specific performance of a real-estate contract. Defendant appeals from a judgment directing performance.
Chan, Cafferty, Bonnell & Uhlman, for appellant.
MacDonald, Hoague & Bay less, for respondent.
FINLEY, C. J. -
In this action, based on a real-estate earnest-money agreement, the trial court ordered the defendantowner and purported vendor to convey certain real property to plaintiff-purchaser, Tenco, Inc. This appeal by the defendant-vendor followed.
Appellant, purported vendor, is a resident of Baker, Oregon, and owns real property situated in Island County, Washington, which may be legally described as follows:
"Lots 1 to 15 inclusive and Lot 40, Admiralty Heights, according to the recorded plat thereof in the Office of the Auditor of Island County, Washington, in Volume 5 of Plats, page 8."
Lots 1 to 15, inclusive, and Lot 40 amount to approximately twenty acres. The above-referenced Admiralty Heights tract, in its entirety, comprises approximately fifty acres.1
Appellant, desiring to sell her twenty acres, executed a listing agreement with a licensed real-estate broker. One of the broker's salesmen, acting as agent for appellant, arranged for representatives of Tenco to view the property. Tenco was in the market for real property in the
1 Familiarization with the recorded Plat of Admiralty Heights reproduced in the Appendices attached hereto will aid in understanding the facts of this case. Appendix A contains a diagram of Lots 1 through 15 and Lot 40, which are owned by appellant, and are the subject of the controversy herein involved. Appendix B contains a diagram of the remaining lots in Admiralty Heights. Notice that the description appearing to the left of Lot 40 in Appendix A contains the metes and bounds description of the entire Admiralty Heights area. The relative position of all lots can be ascertained by observing the location of Lot 16 and Lot 39 in each diagram.
Jan. 1962] TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. 481
area, and made an offer. The salesman gave Tenco a purported legal description of appellant's property, and a document was prepared, which embodied Tenco's offer in writing and which was to become the earnest-money agreement involved in this dispute.
In accordance with the terms of the contract, Tenco paid appellant the sum of one thousand dollars as earnest money. Appellant covenanted to convey title within ten days after delivery of a title report showing an insurable title. Subsequently, a title report was issued showing an insurable title relative to the property owned by appellant, and Tenco tendered the balance due. Thereupon, appellant refused to convey title, and Tenco brought this action for a decree compelling appellant to convey title to the property owned by her, and for "such other and further relief as to the court seems just." The property description in the complaint was taken from the title insurance report. A copy of the earnest-money agreement was attached to the complaint. The agreement contained the description of the property given Tenco by appellant's agent, which was as follows:
"Beginning at the SW corner of Govt. Lot 2, Sec. 27, Township 29 N, R 2 EWM, Island County, Washington, said point being a concrete monument from which the SE corner of said Lot 2 bears N 89 06' E 1320.87 ft., thence N 0 22' E 811.53 ft., thence S 89 38' E 30 ft., thence N 25 39' 30" E 1413.28 ft. to northerly boundary of Govt. Lot 1, said Sec. 27; thence N 88 44' 10" E 692.88 ft., to the NE corner of said Lot 1; thence S 0 31' 20" W 2079.88 ft. to the SE corner of said Lot 2, thence S 89 06' W 1320.87 ft. to the true point of beginning."
Appellant's answer admitted ownership of Lots 1 to 15, inclusive, and Lot 40 in her separate capacity; that the salesman acted as her agent; and that she had signed a written instrument designated as an earnest-money agreement. As an affirmative defense, appellant alleged facts which, if proved, would amount to fraud.
Prior to trial, on a motion by Tenco for summary judgment, the court questioned whether the description by
482 TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. [59 Wn. (2d)
platted lots, taken from the title report and reflected in the complaint, described the same property as the metes and bounds description in the earnest-money agreement. It was then discovered that the legal description in the earnest-money agreement encompassed the entire fiftyacre plat of Admiralty Heights, within which appellant's twenty acres were located.
After a partial summary judgment was awarded Tenco, the case went to trial, and appellant was ordered to execute and deliver a deed to Tenco, conveying the real property owned by her as described in the complaint.
The trial court found that the contract price was not unreasonably low in relation to the market price at the time of sale, and that Tenco did not engage or participate in any kind of fraud or misrepresentation in its relations with appellant. The contention that the earnest-money agreement was insufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds was rejected on the theory that the description therein was sufficient, even though additional property was described, and that
". . . [Tenco] waived its right to object to any defect of title of . . . [appellant] to the remainder of the property in excess of the 20 acres (Lots 1 to 15, inclusive, and Lot 40, Admiralty Heights) which the parties intended to sell and buy."
The assignments of error, according to appellant, raise the following questions: Whether Tenco had complied with all conditions of the contract before tendering the balance due; whether the contract was so unconscionably unfair and unjust as to prevent equity from granting specific performance; whether there is sufficient proof that a mutual mistake occurred; and whether the earnest-money receipt and agreement is void and unenforcible under the statute of frauds.
[1] Two of appellant's contentions can be disposed of summarily. There is substantial credible evidence in the record to support the trial court's findings that (1) Tenco had satisfactorily completed performance of the contract before tendering the balance due; and (2) that the fair
Jan. 1962] TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. 483
market value of the appellant's property, as of the date of the earnest-money agreement, was not substantially or unreasonably greater than the purchase price therein specified, and that the contract was fairly entered into. We will not disturb these findings. Guyton v. Temple Motors, Inc. (1961), 58 Wn. (2d) 828, 365 P. (2d) 14; Thorndike v. Hesperian Orchards, Inc. (1959), 54 Wn. (2d) 570, 343 P. (2d) 183. Therefore, appellant's contentions in this connection are not tenable on appeal.
[2] That the wrong property description appearing in the earnest-money agreement resulted from a mutual mistake is obvious from the record. Neither party was aware that the description in the agreement pertained to the entire Admiralty Heights area until the proceedings were in progress on motion for summary judgment just prior to actual full-scale trial. The complaint sought a decree compelling conveyance of only those lots owned by appellant (Lots 1 through 15, and Lot 40), which Tenco intended to purchase. The answer admitted the execution of the contract, and presented the affirmative defense of fraud. The answer set up no defense that the contract was unenforcible by reason of the statute of frauds. Subsequently, appellant admitted that she was the owner of Lots 1 through 15, add Lot 40; that these lots constituted all her real property in the vicinity; and that she intended to sell all of the land owned by her. It is, therefore, abundantly clear that the parties intended the earnest-money agreement to cover Lots 1 through 15, and Lot 40, and not the entire tract of Admiralty Heights. If the intention of the parties is identical at the time of the transaction, and the written agreement does not express that intention, then a mutual mistake has occurred. Bergstrom v. Olson (1951), 39 Wn. (2d) 536, 236 P. (2d) 1052; Keesling v. Pehling (1950), 35 Wn. (2d) 624, 214 P. (2d) 506.
Appellant's last contention presents the crucial issue in this appeal. Is the property description contained in the earnest-money agreement violative of the statute of frauds?The determination of this issue will provide the solution
484 TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. [59 Wn. (2d)
to the ultimate problem; namely, whether an earnest-money agreement can be specifically enforced when the property description contained therein, because of a mutual mistake, actually describes property in addition to that which the parties intended to buy and sell. The answer requires a review of the case law in this jurisdiction.
[3] As a preliminary observation we note that, although the trial court's decision is couched in terms of waiver, for all practical purposes the relief granted was reformation. This relief was certainly within the pleadings, because the complaint requested not only specific performance but "such other and further relief as to the court seems just." The trial court may have refrained from using the term "reformation" because of confusion existing in the decisions of this court with respect to application and availability of this legal concept under the circumstances in the instant case. In any event, even though a judgment of a trial court is based upon a theory which an appellate court may deem inappropriate; nevertheless, if the judgment can be sustained on any ground, it will be affirmed. Jones v. Standard Sales (1949), 34 Wn. (2d) 546, 209 P. (2d) 446; Nadreau v. Meyerotto (1950), 35 Wn. (2d) 740, 215 P. (2d) 681.
[4] The classic case in Washington law with respect to property description problems is, of course, Martin v. Seigel (1949), 35 Wn. (2d) 223, 212 P. (2d) 107, 23 A. L. R. (2d) 1. It was there held that an earnest-money agreement containing a description of certain property by street number, city, county, and state, was insufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds, and that the contract was, therefore, unenforcible. The court volunteered a rule for determining whether descriptions of platted property were sufficient by indicating that a memorandum must contain "the description of such property by the correct lot number (s), block number, addition, city, county, and state." Martin v. Seigel has since been qualified to a certain extent,2 but,
2 See Lofberg v. Viles (1951), 39 Wn. (2d) 493, 236 P. (2d) 768; Bingham v. Sherfey, infra. See, also, Shattuck: Contracts in Washington, 1937-1957: Part II, 34 Wash. L. Rev. 345, 358 (1959).
Jan. 1962] TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. 485
along with Bingham v. Sherfey (1951), 38 Wn. (2d) 886, 234 P. (2d) 489, which sets forth description requirements for unplatted property, and other cases,3 it stands for the general proposition that compliance with the statute of frauds in land transaction contracts or deeds requires a description of land sufficiently definite to locate it without recourse to extrinsic evidence or else reference must be made to another instrument which does contain a sufficient description. Bigelow v. Mood (1960), 56 Wn. (2d) 340, 353 P. (2d) 429.
[5] This rule for determining whether a legal description properly conforms to the requirements of the statute of frauds, however, is inapplicable when an erroneous description appears in a document because of a mutual mistake. "Until the memorandum document is made to say what the parties intended it to say, invocation of the Statute of Frauds is premature." Shattuck: Contracts in Washington, 1937-1957: Part II, 34 Wash. L. Rev. 345, 360-61 (1959). The document may be reformed to reflect fairly the intention of the parties before the test to determine the legality of the description is applied, once it is established that the defect was the product of a mutual mistake. Platts v. Arney (1955), 46 Wn. (2d) 122, 278 P. (2d) 657; Lofberg v. Viles (1951), 39 Wn. (2d) 493, 236 P. (2d) 768; Bacon v. Gardner (1951), 38 Wn. (2d) 299, 229 P. (2d) 523; Peterson v. Paulson (1945), 24 Wn. (2d) 166, 163 P. (2d) 830; Chapman v. Milliken (1925), 136 Wash. 74, 239 Pac. 4.
There is language in Fosburgh v. Sando (1946), 24 Wn. (2d) 586, 166 P. (2d) 850, which seems to indicate that reformation is not available under any circumstances where a contract or deed reflects a defective property description, but we do not deem that case controlling. It was based in large part upon Martinson v. Cruikshank (1940), 3 Wn.2d 565, 3 Schweiter v. Halsey (1961), 57 Wn.(2d) 707, 359 P. (2d) 821; Fosburgh v. Sando, 24 Wn. (2d) 586, 166 P. (2d) 850; Barth v. Barth (1943), 19 Wn. (2d) 543, 143 P. (2d) 542; Martinson v. Cruikshank (1940), 3 Wn. (2d) 565, 101 P. (2d) 604.
486 TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. [59 Wn. (2d)
(2d) 565, 101 P. (2d) 604, which indicated that reformation may be available to correct a defective property description resulting from a mutual mistake. That the court's language in Fosburgh was broader than intended is apparent when considered with the fact that reformation was recognized as an available remedy in Peterson v. Paulson, supra, reported in the same volume of the Washington Reports.
[6] We hold that a property description which is defective according to the standards long recognized by this court may be corrected by reformation when the defect resulted from a mutual mistake. The earnest-money agreement in the instant case, reformed to reflect the intentions of the parties, is not violative of the statute of frauds and is, therefore, a valid legal property description. The decision of the trial court is affirmed.
WEAVER and FOSTER, JJ., concur.
ROSELLINI and OTT, JJ., concur in the result.
Jan. 1962] TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. 487
APPENDIX A
Notice: Graphical Material Omitted.
See Official Report Bound Volume.
488 TENCO, INC. v. MANNING. [59 Wn. (2d)
APPENDIX B
Notice: Graphical Material Omitted.
See Official Report Bound Volume.