Opinion Information Sheet

			

        IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                        )
                                            )       No. 86117-0
                      Respondent,           )
                                            )
       v.                                   )       En Banc
                                            )
MICHAEL J. ROWLAND,                         )
                                            )
                      Petitioner.           )
                                            )       Filed March 22, 2012

       C. JOHNSON, J. -- The issue in this case is whether Blakely v. Washington,

542 U.S. 296, 124 S. Ct. 2531, 159 L. Ed. 2d 403 (2004), applied at petitioner 

Michael Rowland's resentencing hearing where Rowland previously received an 

exceptional sentence on facts found by the judge.  In 1991, Rowland was convicted 

of first degree murder and taking a motor vehicle without permission.  In 2007,

Rowland challenged his sentence on the basis that his offender score was erroneous.  

The Court of Appeals agreed and remanded for resentencing.  The resentencing court 

found Blakely did not apply and reimposed the exceptional sentence.  The Court of

Appeals affirmed.  We affirm.  

State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

                                              Facts

       Michael Rowland was convicted in 1991 of first degree murder and taking a 

motor vehicle without permission.  Based on an offender score of 3, Rowland's 

standard range was 273-361 months.  The trial court imposed a high-end standard 

range sentence of 361 months and imposed an exceptional sentence of 180 months 

based on its finding of deliberate cruelty, for a total sentence of 541 months.  The 

finding of deliberate cruelty was made by the judge alone.  

       In January 2007, Rowland filed a personal restraint petition, challenging his 

offender score.  The Court of Appeals accepted the State's concession of error that

the offender score should have been 2 rather than 3.  In remanding for resentencing, 

the Court of Appeals stated:

       Rowland's sentence is being remanded because, at the time the trial 
       court selected 541 months as the appropriate length of the exceptional 
       sentence, the court did not have in mind the correct standard range.  The 
       error in the offender score potentially bears upon the length of the 
       exceptional sentence, but it does not implicate the findings that justified 
       imposition of the exceptional sentence.

In re Pers. Restraint of Rowland, 149 Wn. App. 496, 512, 204 P.3d 953 (2009).

       On remand, the resentencing court found Blakely did not apply.  It then left 

intact the original exceptional sentence of 180 months but reduced the overall 

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

sentence to 527 months, substituting the high-end standard range sentence for an 

offender score of 2 for the high-end standard range sentence for a score of 3.  The 

court also rejected Rowland's claim, raised at resentencing, that his offender score 

should be 1.  The State, however, asked the court whether it would reimpose the 

same sentence if the Court of Appeals later determined Rowland's correct offender 

score was a 1.  The court answered that "[i]f the scoring range is determined to be a 

one rather than a two . . . the sentence that I imposed today would be the same 

sentence that I would impose if it came back in front of me.  So in essence the 

exceptional sentence would increase."  Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) (Sept. 

16, 2009) at 29.

       On appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed the resentencing court, holding 

"[t]he resentencing court did not exercise independent judgment or discretion when it 

ordered the exceptional sentence but merely substituted the high end of one standard 

range for that of another and reimposed the original exceptional sentence."  State v. 

Rowland, 160 Wn. App. 316, 329, 249 P.3d 635 (2011), review granted, 172 Wn.2d 

1014, 262 P.3d 63 (2011).

       Regarding Rowland's challenge to his offender score, the Court of Appeals 

held the score should have been 1 but determined the resentencing court would have 

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

imposed the same total sentence regardless.  Therefore, it concluded that "remand 

solely to correct the offender score and standard range is the proper remedy, not 

remand for resentencing."  Rowland, 160 Wn. App. at 332.  

                                              Issue

       Whether Blakely applied at Rowland's resentencing?

                                            Analysis

       Under Blakely, the United States Supreme Court held a jury must find the 

existence of aggravating sentencing factors beyond a reasonable doubt.  Blakely, 542 

U.S. at 304-07.  We have held that Blakely does not apply retroactively to cases final 

before it was issued.  State v. Evans, 154 Wn.2d 438, 444, 114 P.3d 627 (2005).  

While Rowland's original, erroneous sentence was final pre-Blakely, his resentencing 

occurred post-Blakely.  The issue then is whether, under Blakely, a jury finding is 

required to support the exceptional sentence under these circumstances.

       At the resentencing hearing, the court heard from three members of the 

victim's family, from Rowland, and from counsel.  It recognized its discretion to 

resentence Rowland, including its discretion to increase the exceptional sentence, 

telling Rowland, "I very well can sentence you down or up."  VRP (Sept. 16, 2009) 

at 24.  Still, the court agreed with the State's position that Blakely did not apply.  It 

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

then reimposed the original exceptional sentence of 180 months and amended the 

overall sentence to 527 months, substituting the high-end standard range sentence for 

an offender score of 2 (347 months) for the high-end standard range sentence for a 

score of 3 (361 months).  In making this change, the court reasoned: 

       Mr. Rowland, I gave a great deal of thought to the sentence that I 
       imposed when I sentenced you 18 years ago.  I see no reason to change 
       that sentence now, not up, not down.  And I'm not going to, except the 
       fact that the sentencing score has changed.  It was clear to me when I 
       sentenced you . . . [that] it was the intent to treat you and [your co-
       defendant] equal in that I was sentencing you to the high end of the 
       range along with 15 years as an exceptional sentence to both of you.  
       That was my intent, and there is no reason to depart from that now.
       So I now sentence you to the high end of the range with a score of two, 
       which is 347 months plus 180 months, which is 15 years for the 
       exceptional sentence that I imposed 18 years ago, and I re-impose that.  

VRP (Sept. 16, 2009) at 24-25.  Thus, at the resentencing hearing, the trial court did 

not reconsider the factual findings supporting the exceptional sentence, did not make 

any new findings regarding deliberate cruelty, and did not change the length of the 

exceptional sentence.  

       As part of the initial appeal, Rowland challenged the factual basis for the 

exceptional sentence.  That challenge was rejected.  The Court of Appeals 

affirmed the basis for the exceptional sentence, State v. Rowland, No. 28109-

7-I, slip op. at 19-20 (Wash. Ct. App. Jan. 17, 1995), and that basis has not 

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

been disturbed.  Correction of Rowland's offender score error in 2009 did not require 

inquiry into the underlying basis for the exceptional sentence, and no inquiry was 

made.  The trial court on remand did not redecide the justification for the exceptional 

sentence, and the change to Rowland's standard range left the justification intact.  In 

essence, no new exceptional sentence was imposed since only the standard range was 

corrected.  Blakely prohibits judicial fact finding in cases final after Blakely, which

did not occur here.  Based on the actions of the resentencing court, we hold Blakely

did not apply at Rowland's resentencing.  

       Rowland argues that since his offender score is now conceded by the State to 

be 1 and that the trial judge indicated he would increase the exceptional sentence to 
more than 180 months were that the case, Blakely is implicated.1 That issue is not 

       1After resentencing Rowland, the court ruled on Rowland's argument that his offender 
score should be a 1 rather than a 2.  Without further comment, the court concluded "the State is 
correct in that the offender score is a two."  VRP (Sept. 16, 2009) at 22.  In response, the State 
specifically requested the court find it would impose the same total sentence in the future, should 
the Court of Appeals determine Rowland's offender score was a 1.  The judge answered, "There 
comes a point where you just say enough is enough.  And I'm at that point.  If the scoring range is 
determined to be a one rather than a two . . . the sentence that I imposed today would be the same 
sentence that I would impose if it came back in front of me.  So in essence the exceptional sentence 
would increase."  VRP (Sept. 16, 2009) at 29 (emphasis added). 
       On appeal, the State conceded Rowland's offender score was again incorrect and the Court 
of Appeals corrected the score from a 2 to a 1.  It held, however, that because the record 
demonstrated a clear basis for concluding that "if Roland's offender score had been correctly 
calculated and the standard range correctly determined, the resentencing court would have imposed 
the same exceptional sentence of 527 months.  Therefore, remand solely to correct the offender 
score and standard range is the proper remedy, not remand for resentencing."  Rowland, 160 Wn. 
App. at 332.  The Court of Appeals recognized this would require increasing Rowland's 
exceptional sentence from 180 months to 194 months.  Rowland, 160 Wn. App. at 333 n.9.

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

before us, it was not before the Court of Appeals, and since no action has yet been 

taken by the trial court, it is premature.  We address only the trial court's 

resentencing of Rowland based on an offender score of 2.  We need not decide

whether Blakely would apply on remand should the trial court increase Rowland's 

exceptional sentence; we hold only that Blakely did not apply when the trial court 

neither touched the factual findings supporting the exceptional sentence nor increased 

the sentence.  

                                          Conclusion

              The trial court did not disturb the factual findings supporting Rowland's 

exceptional sentence and did not increase the sentence.  Under these circumstances, 

we conclude Blakely did not apply at Rowland's resentencing.  We affirm and 

remand for any further proceedings.

       AUTHOR:

                Justice Charles W. Johnson

       WE CONCUR:

                Chief Justice Barbara A.                        Justice James M. Johnson
        Madsen
                                                                Justice Debra L. Stephens

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State v. Rowland, No. 86117-0

                Justice Tom Chambers                            Justice Charles K. Wiggins

                Justice Susan Owens                             Justice Steven C. González

                Justice Mary E. Fairhurst

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